This study employed the theoretical framework of Albert Bandura???s social cognitive theory, to investigate how differing levels of self-efficacy impact on both the type and degree of self-regulatory behaviour employed by the students when composing music in a high school music program. The literature review revealed an abundance of related research suggesting a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulated behaviour in the ???core??? academic domains of education. In contrast, there was no specific research found that had examined self-efficacy and self-regulation in the context of students composing music. An independent school in Sydney served as the research site, with sixty-eight students of varied year levels and musical experience participating in the study. Students used stand alone computers, the software ???Cubase??? and MIDI keyboards as they completed a task that involved creating an original piece of music in a genre of their own choice, over a series of four composition sessions. A mixed methodology was employed to determine if the influence of the students??? self-efficacy beliefs upon their self-regulation in a creative activity were consistent with existing research. Data were collected using a mixture of weekly measures and self-report scales, combined with a variety of questionnaires, logs, tally sheets and interviews. Eight variables, including the self-regulatory sub-processes of goal setting-strategic planning, intrinsic motivation, goal orientation, task expectation, time on task, task completion, monitoring were analysed together with an additional variable, defined as creative ability, to determine if evidence could be found of a relationship between self-efficacy and these specific behaviours while composing. The results suggest that the pre-task (Week 1) measure of self-efficacy was closely associated with the students??? use of the eight self-regulatory dimensions as well as their perceived level of creative ability. Weekly self-efficacy measures also suggested that students??? employ self-regulated sub-processes proportionally to their respective levels of self-efficacy. Importantly, the more efficacious students employed a wider and more sophisticated repertoire of self-regulated behaviour when composing in contrast to the less efficacious students. Self-efficacy was also identified as a key factor amongst students who were initially identified as being naive self-regulators, but who through the duration of the task, modified their behaviour to become more skilful self-regulators. Throughout the study, the consistent level of interaction between self-efficacy and the use of self-regulated behaviours were aligned with findings in the core ???academic??? disciplines of education.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om te bepaal watler faktore die grootste bydrae tot sportprestasie lewer. Met die literatuurstudie is die verskillende faktore wat sportprestasie beinvloed, geidentifiseer en verder ondersoek en beskryf. Daar is gevind dat 'n wye verskeidenheid faktore bestaan wat atletelsportdeelnemers se prestasie positief of negatief kan beinvloed. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is uitgevoer waarby 'n aantal atlete/sportdeelnemers, wat aan verskeie sportsoorte deelneem, betrek is. Die afrigters van hierdie atlete/sportdeelnemers is oak by die ondersoek betrek. Eerstens is bepaal watter faktore, volgens die atlete/sportdeelnemers, die grootste bydrae tot hul sportprestasie lewer. Daama is hierdie geidenlifiseerde faktore aan 'n regressieanalise onderwerp om te bepaal walter faktor/e die grootste en belangrikste bydrae tot sportprestasie lewer. Die resultate het getoon dat hierdie faktore soos volg is: motivering, afrigter, kommunikasie, selfvertroue, aanleg en dieet / The purpose of this study was to determine which factors contribute significantly to sports achievement. In the literature study, different factors with an underlying effect on sports achievement were identified, explained and further investigated. A wide variety of factors bearing positive as well as negative effect on athletes'/sport participants' achievement were found. An empirical study was carried out in which a number of athletes/sport participators were involved. The coaches of these athletes/sport participants were also included. The factors that play a major contributing role in these athletes/sport participants' sports achievement were primarily determined. Thereafter the identified factors were further investigated through the use of a regression analysis to ascertain which ones contribute the most to sports achievement. The results indicated that these factors are as follows: motivation, coach, communication, self-confidence, talent and diet. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)

The purpose of the current research was to determine whether goal-setting as motivational work theory influences productivity and the productivity measurement and enhancement system (ProMES) as a human resource intervention that provides feedback improves productivity in an Angolan female handball team after the implementation. Motivation and productivity are important to the success of a sports organisation. Goal-setting theory was formulated on the premise that conscious goals affect action. The ProMES approach offers a method for measuring action results, in other words team productivity, which takes this feature of typical team settings into account. Each participant completed a questionnaire toolkit and the results showed that when athletes are task oriented and collectivist they believe in goal-setting and productivity improves. The ProMES process itself, with its participative aspects and process of role clarifying and expectations can successfully be used within the sports industry. This research also reaffirms the relationship between motivation and productivity. / Business Management / M. Admin. (Business Management)

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine aspects of self-awareness in patients with brain injuries: In Study 1 two measures for the assessment of self-awareness were compared (i.e., questionnaire approach vs. predicted performance method). Study 2 analyses the relationship between awareness, goal setting ability (i.e., the ability to set realistic goals), and outcome in the rehabilitation setting as well as in an experimental task. / Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, Aspekte des Störungsbewusstseins von Patienten mit Hirnschädigungen zu untersuchen: In Studie 1 wurden zwei Methoden zu Erfassung/Messung des Störungsbewusstseins verglichen (Fragebogen-Methode und Leistungsvorhersage-Methode). In Studie 2 wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Störungsbewusstsein, realistischen Zielsetzungen, und Rehabilitationserfolg sowohl im Rehabilitationskontext als auch in einer experimentellen Aufgabe untersucht.

M. Tech. (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / South African government departments, through the relevant executing authority, are required to develop strategic plans in terms of the Public Service Amendment Act (Act No. 30 of 2007) and Public Finance Management Amendment Act (Act No. 29 of 1999). In terms of Treasury Regulation, 2005 section 6, the government departments are further required to comply with budgetary requirements. The key question in this research was to what extent is the strategic planning process aligned to the budgeting process. In light of the research question, the research objective was to investigate the alignment of the strategic planning and budgeting processes in the selected national government departments. In order to achieve the aforementioned research objective, structured questionnaires were distributed to 300 senior managers in the selected government departments of which 203 were completed and retrieved. The government departments that participated in the study were selected using the non-probability convenient sampling technique. A quantitative approach was followed, in which case a survey was used to garner data, which were analysed using statistical analytical methods, such as the means, standard deviations, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The five factors of strategic planning were extracted from the strategic planning questionnaire data and were coined strategic analysis and assessment (SAA), environmental impact assessment (EIA), goal setting (GS), responsibilities and resource allocation (RRA), and information system (IS). Correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive relationship between the five factors of the strategic planning process and the budgeting process. The regression analysis results confirmed the existence of a predictive relationship between the five factors of strategic planning and the budgeting process. The conclusion from this finding confirmed the alignment of strategic planning with the budgeting process in the selected national government departments. The internal consistency of the measuring instrument was tested by means of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, while its validity was measured using face validity, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and predictive validity. In spite of the positive correlation and regression analyses, recommendations were made to improve the strategic planning and budgeting processes.

Performance-based contracting (PBC) redefines the relationships between suppliers and buyers and differs from traditional contracting approaches with its reward/payment scheme, emphasis on the performance outcomes, increased supplier autonomy, and transfer of risk and responsibilities to suppliers. Given the 70% of life cycle costs of products/systems reside in sustainment, PBC has led to substantial improvements in availability, maintainability, reliability, and thus total cost of ownership of systems/products. Though PBC has changed the way of doing business and its presence has increased across multiple industry, private and public sectors, for profit and not-for-profit, its implications on various aspects of logistics and supply chain management have been understudied. It is important to explore and establish evidence regarding these implications through academic rigor. Therefore, this three-essay dissertation aims to give some insight regarding structural and behavioral implications of PBC using a multi-method approach. Specifically, it (1) explores the relationship between PBC and supply chain resilience (SCRES), (2) examines the supplier goal commitment (i.e., motivation) in PBC, (3) proposes a mathematical model to find optimal contract length, periodic contract price and investment that concurrently maximizing supplier profit and satisfying buyer requirements. This dissertation offers theoretical and managerial contributions as well.

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[pt] Este estudo investigou interações entre a liderança e fatores do contexto organizacional e entre a liderança e características individuais dos seguidores na predição de atitudes e comportamentos favoráveis ao desempenho organizacional. A investigação se deu através de dois modelos teóricos. No primeiro modelo, foram testadas hipóteses de moderação da relação entre a liderança transformacional e o comprometimento organizacional afetivo pela riqueza das tarefas e pela necessidade pessoal de estrutura. No segundo, foram testadas hipóteses de moderação da relação entre a liderança transformacional e a motivação para o trabalho pelos atributos do estabelecimento de metas e pela orientação para aprendizado. Os dados para a pesquisa foram coletados através de questionários respondidos por 194 empregados de uma empresa pública brasileira do setor de energia. Foram confirmadas as hipóteses de moderação da relação entre a liderança transformacional e o comprometimento organizacional afetivo pela riqueza das tarefas e pela necessidade pessoal de estrutura. A pesquisa identificou ainda efeitos de mediação da relação entre a liderança transformacional e a motivação para o trabalho pelos atributos do estabelecimento de metas e pela riqueza das tarefas. / [en] This study investigated the interactions between leadership and factors of the organizational context related to goals and individual characteristics of the followers for the prediction of attitudes and behaviors favorable to organizational performance. Two theoretical models have been established. In the first model, hypotheses of moderation of the relationship between transformational leadership and affective organizational commitment by job enrichment and by personal need for structure have been tested. In the second model, hypotheses of moderation of the relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation by goal setting and by goal orientation have been tested. The data for the study have been collected through questionnaires answered by 194 employees of a Brazilian stateowned company of the energy sector. Hypotheses of moderation of the relationship between transformational leadership and affective organizational commitment by job enrichment and by personal need for structure have been confirmed. The study further identified mediation effects of the relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation by goal setting and job enrichment.

Employee satisfaction is a crucial aspect of organizational success, influencing productivity,retention rates, and overall workplace experience. This thesis presents an in depth investigationof handling the results from an employee satisfaction survey at the Swedish/ Norwegiancompany, SmartOptics. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of employee satisfaction, the studyutilizes data from the company’s employee survey to investigate factors affecting employees'perceptions of their workplace. With the help of data from a previous employee satisfactionsurvey, three areas were identified as interesting and chosen for further investigation, which was done through an interview questionnaire. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was used to identifythemes and subthemes within the answers. The results reveal key areas for improvement related to the three predetermined areas: challenge, motivation and collaboration. The analysis highlights the root causes of these issues accordingto the employees using the theoretical background, as well as the effectiveness of variousinitiatives aimed at improving employee satisfaction. In the thesis's discussion chapter, the adequacy of what is considered motivating implementationsfor the employees, is discussed in light of the underlying dissatisfaction. It also examines howgreater challenges can lead to more satisfied employees, the role of social interactions in theworkplace and how they can support better collaboration, and the complications of individualdesires and needs compared to those of the group and the company. The methods used in thethesis are discussed and suggestions for improvements in implementations are presented, basedon the survey responses and the theoretical background. / Medarbetarnöjdhet är en avgörande aspekt för organisationens framgång och påverkarproduktivitet, personalomsättning och den övergripande upplevelsen av arbetsplatsen. Dettakandidatarbete presenterar en djupgående undersökning av hanteringen av resultaten från enmedarbetarundersökning på det svensk/norska företaget SmartOptics. Med insikt om denmångfacetterade komplexiteten av medarbetarnöjdhet tillämpar studien data från företagetsmedarbetarundersökning för att undersöka faktorer som påverkar de anställdas upplevelse avderas arbetsplats. Med hjälp av data från den tidigare medarbetarundersökningen identifieradestre intressanta områden och valdes för ytterligare undersökning, vilket genomfördes genom eninkätstudie. Därefter användes en tematisk analys för att identifiera teman och subteman inomsvaren. Resultaten avslöjar nyckelområden för förbättring kopplat till de tre förutbestämda områdena,utmaning motivation och samarbete, och analysen belyser grundorsaker till dessa enligt demanställda, samt effektiviteten av olika initiativ som syftar till att förbättra medarbetarnöjdheten. I arbetets diskussionskapitel diskuteras om vad som anses som motiverande implementeringarför de anställda är dugliga med tanke på det missnöje som ligger bakom, hur större utmaningarkan leda till nöjdare medarbetare, den sociala tillvarons roll på arbetsplatsen och hur den kanstödja ett bättre samarbete samt komplikationer med individens önskemål och behov jämfört medgruppens och företagets behov. De metoder som används i avhandlingen diskuteras ochförbättringsförslag för implementeringar presenteras, baserat på svaren från inkätundersökningenoch den teoretiska bakgrunden.