Dans ce mémoire, nous nous appuierons sur les concepts d'espace public et de culture pour penser le rôle de la radio publique d'expression francophone du Québec. D'abord, nous entendons faire ressortir la complémentarité entre les positions théoriques de Jürgen Habermas et Hannah Arendt au sujet de l'espace public et de la culture. L'objectif est de montrer que leur pensée respective permet de jeter un regard neuf sur l'objet radiophonique. Notre projet est donc d'approcher cette figure à travers le prisme de la pensée conceptuelle d'intellectuels intéressés par les médias et porteurs d'un projet d'émancipation politique et sociale fondée sur la délibération, le dialogue, l'apprentissage et la critique. Ceci, en plus d'une reconstitution historique des origines de la radio de Radio-Canada, nous permettra de suggérer un idéal radiophonique duquel nous pourrons évaluer les conséquences la disparition de la Chaîne culturelle de Radio-Canada, survenue en 2004. Finalement, notre travail va dans le sens d'une théorie critique de la radio publique québécoise, le rapport de l'institution à la culture ayant changé, comme en témoigne l'analyse des mutations de son rôle dans l'espace public. Mots clés : Jürgen Habermas, Hannah Arendt, Radio-Canada, espace public, culture

Este estudo busca trazer elementos para explicar a crise que dissolveu a Unilabor, uma experiência autogestionária operária única a seu tempo, em São Paulo, através da análise da documentação interna da empresa, das informações prestadas por alguns dos participantes, entrevistados, e pelo recurso à hipótese de prevalência de uma racionalidade instrumental, a certa altura dos acontecimentos, em lugar da racionalidade substantiva pressuposta nos fundamentos da comunidade. Os elementos para a formulação e exame dessa hipótese provêm das teorias marxistas do trabalho, conforme reformuladas e atualizadas por autores como Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz e Ricardo Antunes, os quais, mesmo não uniformemente, apontam os elementos atuais de uma crise da categoria \'trabalho\' como elemento central da formação da riqueza. Também os conceitos de comunidade, solidariedade, esperança e amizade, conforme expostos e analisados por Giorgio Agamben e Terry Eagleton, servirão para problematizar as conclusões do trabalho. O aspecto estético, consubstanciado no desenho industrial utilizado nos móveis produzidos pela Unilabor, aparece como fundamento secundário da hipótese de insuficiência substantiva apresentada, pois pretendeu ser fator pedagógico, portanto de aprendizado de ofício, para os operários envolvidos na autogestão. Tal programa estético, tanto quanto a solidariedade, a amizade e a racionalidade substantiva, também mostrou-se insuficiente para a manutenção dos laços comunitários. / This study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.

Este estudo busca trazer elementos para explicar a crise que dissolveu a Unilabor, uma experiência autogestionária operária única a seu tempo, em São Paulo, através da análise da documentação interna da empresa, das informações prestadas por alguns dos participantes, entrevistados, e pelo recurso à hipótese de prevalência de uma racionalidade instrumental, a certa altura dos acontecimentos, em lugar da racionalidade substantiva pressuposta nos fundamentos da comunidade. Os elementos para a formulação e exame dessa hipótese provêm das teorias marxistas do trabalho, conforme reformuladas e atualizadas por autores como Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz e Ricardo Antunes, os quais, mesmo não uniformemente, apontam os elementos atuais de uma crise da categoria \'trabalho\' como elemento central da formação da riqueza. Também os conceitos de comunidade, solidariedade, esperança e amizade, conforme expostos e analisados por Giorgio Agamben e Terry Eagleton, servirão para problematizar as conclusões do trabalho. O aspecto estético, consubstanciado no desenho industrial utilizado nos móveis produzidos pela Unilabor, aparece como fundamento secundário da hipótese de insuficiência substantiva apresentada, pois pretendeu ser fator pedagógico, portanto de aprendizado de ofício, para os operários envolvidos na autogestão. Tal programa estético, tanto quanto a solidariedade, a amizade e a racionalidade substantiva, também mostrou-se insuficiente para a manutenção dos laços comunitários. / This study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.

Recent years have seen an influx of medical technologies capable of remotely monitoring the health and behaviours of individuals to detect, manage and prevent health problems. Known collectively as personal health monitoring (PHM), these systems are intended to supplement medical care with health monitoring outside traditional care environments such as hospitals, ranging in complexity from mobile devices to complex networks of sensors measuring physiological parameters and behaviours. This research project assesses the potential ethical implications of PHM as an emerging medical technology, amenable to anticipatory action intended to prevent or mitigate problematic ethical issues in the future. PHM fundamentally changes how medical care can be delivered: patients can be monitored and consulted at a distance, eliminating opportunities for face-to-face actions and potentially undermining the importance of social, emotional and psychological aspects of medical care. The norms evident in this movement may clash with existing standards of 'good' medical practice from the perspective of patients, clinicians and institutions. By relating utilitarianism, virtue ethics and theories of surveillance to Habermas' concept of colonisation of the lifeworld, a conceptual framework is created which can explain how PHM may be allowed to change medicine as a practice in an ethically problematic way. The framework relates the inhibition of virtuous behaviour among practitioners of medicine, understood as a moral practice, to the movement in medicine towards remote monitoring. To assess the explanatory power of the conceptual framework and expand its borders, a qualitative interview empirical study with potential users of PHM in England is carried out. Recognising that the inherent uncertainty of the future undermines the validity of empirical research, a novel epistemological framework based in Habermas' discourse ethics is created to justify the empirical study. By developing Habermas' concept of translation into a procedure for assessing the credibility of uncertain normative claims about the future, a novel methodology for empirical ethical assessment of emerging technologies is created and tested. Various methods of analysis are employed, including review of academic discourses, empirical and theoretical analyses of the moral potential of PHM. Recommendations are made concerning ethical issues in the deployment and design of PHM systems, analysis and application of PHM data, and the shortcomings of existing research and protection mechanisms in responding to potential ethical implications of the technology.

首長特別費事件演變至今，焦點都被導向高度抽象的政治議題，民間失去發言或制衡的空間，讓許多深刻值得探問的價值問題，陷入無法討論的困境，但本文要追問的根本問題是：法律，對現今台灣的民眾來說，所代表的意義是什麼？是把法律看成一種限制他們行動領域的規範，對法律採取一種戰戰兢兢算計犯法後果的策略性態度？還是把法律視為一種具正當性與有效性的行為規範，發自內心對法律採取尊重的態度？算計自己最大的利益，真的就是我們人類追求理性的最終結果嗎？如何縮小這些鴻溝，或許就是我們該戮力的地方。 哈伯瑪斯認為法律取得其正當性，與溝通行動之間具有相似的結構性，所以力主引進「溝通理性」，作為法規範產生及運用的構成基礎。但從法律理論的角度來看，哈氏認為現代法律秩序要從「自決」這個概念獲得其正當性，而且公民應從論述或審議的模式切入，同時把自己理解為所要服從的法律的承受者及創制者。對於裁判理性，哈氏曾針對四種具代表性的不同法律理論見解提出批判，主要為法律詮釋學、法律實在論、法律實證論，以及Dworkin的融貫理論，最後他提出自己所主張的程序法典範的法律觀。哈氏認為現代法制史中，運用得最成功的法律典範，是今日依然相互競爭的兩種法律典範，一是形式法的典範，另一種是實質法的典範，但哈氏認為這兩種典範都有所不足，所以主張要採取言說理論視角的第三種法律典範—程序法典範，來理解與解決二十世紀末出現的社會困境。 在現今充斥「語言暴力」、「策略性語言」、「意識型態扭曲」的社會中，言說的有效檢驗，對現況的釐清確有助益，但問題是如何進行？所以，本文嘗試從理解哈伯瑪斯的言說理論為核心，來討論法律與其同屬之社會文化間的關係。同時，藉由哈氏所提之「生活界與系統界」的概念，探求法律在社會整合中所扮演的媒介角色，探討法律的生成與溝通行動何以密不可分？最後，論證法律的正當性，主要是來自以溝通言說為基礎，所達致的同意與共識。 / Since the broke out of the special funds affair of Taipei mayor, the focus has been on highly abstract political issues; the value questions, which were profound and worth inquiring, fell into difficult position and were unable to discuss. This paper closely examines the basic question: what the meaning of the law ought to be? What significant value the law should represent? Should it be an instrument or an institution; should it be developed in a strategic or communicative way; and should it be rules and regulation laid down by the authority or the normative commitment of the citizens. Habermas thought the law obtains its legitimacy through real communication and therefore the “communicative rationality” is the foundation of the law. From the perspective of legal theory, Habermas thinks modern legal order must “be self determined” to obtain its legitimacy; moreover, the citizen should elaborate and judge the making of the law through participation and communication. Habermas thus criticizes four well-known theories of law, i.e., legal realism, legal empiricism, legal positivism and Dworkin’s coherence theory. He then asserts his own proceduralist paradigm of law. Habermas believes that in the history of modern law, the most successful legal paradigms are still in competition today – one is the paradigm of the positive law, the other is the paradigm of substantive law. However, he believes both paradigms are inadequate, so he asserts the necessity of a third legal paradigm, which emphasizes the discourse theory perspective – the proceduralist paradigm of law to understand and resolve the social difficulties. Reacting to the flooding “language violence,” “strategic language,” “ideological twisting” in the society of nowadays, effective evaluation of discourse can certainly help in clarifying the present situation, but the question is how to carry on? This article attempts to answer the question by studying the discourse theory of Habermas as the core, and discuss the relationship between law and the social culture to which it belongs. At the same time, with Habermasian concept of “the lifeworld and the system”, this paper seeks to evaluate the medium role of law in social integration to assess the reason for the intimacy between legal formation and communicative action. Finally, this paper argues that the legitimacy of law primarily comes from communicative discourse that serves as a basis to reach agreement and consensus. Keywords: mayoral special funds, Habermas, legal validity, legitimacy, communicative reason, the lifeworld and the system , legal validity theory of discourse, Proceduralist paradigm of law

摘要 觀察著作權法的演進，可說是一部為因應新興科技帶來著作利用型態改變，所造成衝擊的歷史。而現今著作權法面對資訊科技進步，所造成的法制衝擊時，卻因採取反規避措施等激烈的因應手段，造成著作權法制針對數位著作保護之爭議，出現了原先為平衡權利人利益與促進文化創作發展之兩大目的，發生了失衡的現象。該現象的發生，似乎於某種層度上，驗證了德國學者哈伯瑪斯（Jürgen Habermas）於觀察資本主義社會演進的歷史脈絡後，結合馬克斯的社會進化觀點與盧曼的系統論，所主張的晚期資本主義下的四重危機。 而隨著國際間有關數位著作保護的立法趨勢，無形中賦予了著作權人擁有對於他人接近其著作，幾乎完全的管制權利；而合理使用原則之適用卻遭受科技管制的嚴重限縮，使得著作權的保護對象，究竟是表達方式或是無形的概念，產生了保護界限的模糊，著作權法制似乎已轉往著作權利人之一方傾斜。如此的法制發展，將可能造成法律系統的內在衝突與矛盾，危及系統存在的正當性，進而產生數位著作權法制上的合法性危機。 本文試圖依循哈伯瑪斯有關溝通理性與擴大參與以型塑公共領域的主張，尋求爭議解決的可能途徑。並試圖藉由新興之創作共享授權機制（Creative Commons），結合網際網路之互動特性，嘗試探討網路中出現創作之公共領域（Public Sphere）的可能性。並期待開啟以強化社會對話與互動的溝通模式，來尋求爭議問題解決的討論開端。 / Abstract The evolution of Copyright Act reflects the change of publication displaying methods due to technology. Legislators create Anti-Circumvention Provision in reaction to the shock of technology progression on Copyright Act. However, these provision triggers the debate on the purpose of Copyright Act on publication protection, whether it is to protect the obligees or to enhance publication development. This phenomenon verifies Jürgen Habermas’s argument on the four crises under advanced capitalism, which combines Marx’s evolution of society, Luhmann’s system theory, and Habermas’s own observation on the transformation of Capitalism. The legislative trend on digital copyright protection gives the obligees almost complete control over their writings. However,“fair use” is limited by technology restrain. As a result, the Copyright Act seems to be tilted towards obligees. Such development may create inner conflict and endanger the legitimation of the law system. Moreover, the legitimation crisis on Copyright Act may be aroused. This thesis is aimed to solve the debate based on Harbemas’s claim on creating public sphere through rational communication and enlarging participation. For example, the writer combines creative commons and the interactive feature of the Internet to explore the possibility of public sphere on the Internet. In sum, this thesis is intended to resolve the Copyright Act problem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Lamha.pdf: 806293 bytes, checksum: 8e3154dc65032430a0ae9b6d0e5e453f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze the need to create new perspectives for society and law, considering the challenges imposed by the present frame of economic globalization, characterized by over‐integration and under‐integration. In this sense, firstly it studies two alternative proposals towards a new global law. Following this study, it defends the need to rethink such theories, as well as to insert new variables to the debate, mainly due to the particularities verified in the peripheral regions of the globe, considering the existing interdependence in the society. It exposes as well the informationalism as the most evident characteristic of the contemporary global society, consequently recognizing the inevitability of the economic globalization and the importance of the technological innovation in such scenario. Finally, it proposes to re‐evaluate the priorities set by such social model (and, therefore, by the law), using the arsenal already formed by the information society towards the construction of a new knowledge society. We aim to demonstrate that such alternative presupposes the transfer of the focus from the purely economic achievements in detriment of the social ones, towards the expansion of the human capacities, evoking, therefore, the need to adapt the law to this new reality / Este trabalho objetiva analisar a necessidade de criação de novas perspectivas sociais e do direito, em face dos desafios postos pelo quadro atual de globalização econômica, marcado pela sobreintegração e subintegração. Deste modo, primeiramente estuda duas propostas alternativas para um novo direito global. Em seguida, defende a necessidade de repensar tais teorias, bem como a de inserir novas variáveis ao debate, notadamente por conta das particularidades verificadas nas regiões periféricas do globo, dada a interdependência existente na sociedade. Também expõe o informacionalismo como a característica mais evidente da sociedade mundial contemporânea, conseqüentemente reconhecendo a inevitabilidade da globalização econômica e a importância da inovação tecnológica nesse cenário. Por fim, propõe reavaliar as prioridades estabelecidas por este modelo social (e, assim, pelo direito), utilizando o arsenal já formado pela sociedade informacional para a construção de uma nova sociedade do conhecimento. Procuramos demonstrar que esta alternativa pressupõe a transferência de enfoque das realizações puramente econômicas em detrimento das sociais, para a ampliação das capacidades humanas, evocando, por conseguinte, a necessidade de adaptação do direito à referida nova realidade

In much of the historiography surrounding print culture and the book trade, the worldliness of print remains a point of common emphasis. Indeed, many influential studies either assume or actively present the history of print as part of a broader ‘secularization thesis’. Recently, however, historians have challenged these narratives, recognizing the central role of religious print as a driver of growth within the book trade and discussion within the nascent ‘public sphere’. Yet the scholarship into ‘religion and the book’ remains fragmentary, focused on individual genres or persons, with no unified monograph or standard reference work yet to emerge. This dissertation addresses some of the barriers to synopsis by investigating the long-term print output of the largest social and professional group engaged in evangelizing Christianity to the public: the clergy of the Church of England. By focusing on the clergy, this dissertation evades the usual narrow focus on genre. In the past, book-historical and bibliographic studies have relied heavily on a priori classification schemes to study the market for print. While sufficient in the context of relatively well-defined genre categories, such as printed sermons, the validity of these classification schemes breaks down at the wider level, for example, under the conceptual burden of defining the highly fluid and wide-ranging category of ‘religious works’. This dissertation begins to remedy such problems by modelling the print output of a large population of authors who had the strongest stake in evangelizing Christianity to the public through print. It utilizes the latest techniques in the field of digital humanities and bibliometrics to create a representative sample of the print output of the Anglican clergy over the ‘long’ eighteenth-century (here 1660-1800). Based on statistical trends, the thesis identifies a crucial period in the history of clerical print culture, the first four decades of the Hanoverian regime. The period is explored in detail through three subsequent case studies. By combining both traditional and digital methods, therefore, the dissertation explores clerical publishing as a phenomenon subject to evolution and change at both the macro and micro level. The first chapter provides an overarching statistical study of clerical publishing between 1660 and 1800. By combining data from two bibliographical datasets, The English Short-Title Catalogue (ESTC), and the prosopographical resource, The Clergy of the Church of England Database (CCED), I extract and analyse a dataset of clerical works consisting of almost 35,000 bibliographic records. The remaining chapters approach the thesis topic through primary research-based case studies using both print and manuscript sources. The case studies were selected from the period identified in the preceding statistical analysis as a crucial transitional moment in the history of clerical publishing culture, c.1714 to 1750. These case studies form chapters 2, 3, and 4, each of which explore a different aspect of a network of authors who worked under the direction of the bishop of London, Edmund Gibson (1723-1748), during the era of Whig hegemony under Sir Robert Walpole. Finally, an appendix outlines the methodology used in chapter 1 to extract the sample of clerical printed works from the ESTC. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the profound influence of the clergy on the development of English print in the hand-press period. It thus forms both a historiographic intervention against the secularization thesis still implicit in discussions of print culture and the book trade, as well as providing a cautionary critique of the revisionism which has shaped recent investigations into the Church of England.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Cezar Bonin.pdf: 1028514 bytes, checksum: c126bc1a253eb207fa298b746a9eff65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / This study aimed to examine the works of Michel Foucault and Jürgen Habermas, the views that each author has, on contemporary ethics. The two thinkers have points of reference and thought very different. Foucault addresses through the History of Sexuality and how a person can be as thinkers and protagonists of an ethics focused on subjectivity, directed to a personal care of themselves. His texts refer to greek life and the possibility of a life guided by an aesthetic of existence, where universal precepts don t have chance. Habermas, however, part of a different paradigm and almost antagonistic. He believes that the living world was colonised and was alienated by a systemic world, where money and the State are their most expressive bulwarks. The output for this colonization is, to Habermas, the communicative action, which by means of language, the person interact and seek through the use of rationality argumentative, the consensus. This exercise is rational, according Habermas, the most appropriated option for the balance between objectivity and subjectivity of the human beings in the world. Indeed, communication is an intersubjective action, which takes into account the inclusion of other, the acceptance of the argumentation of others and the intent of the search for harmonization between the private and public sphere. The problem of Habermas lies in his desire to make the communicative action a universal action, valid for all. Habermas, therefore, develop an ethical theory that regards any act of speech has a claim to validity. The act of saying has an intention, a purpose. If this act of speech is valid or not, will depend on the analysis of the community in which the man is posed to discuss, it will depend on the strength of the argument and the acquiescence of the better argument. This act of putting under discussion is what will validate or not the argument. According Habermas, what matters is that this discussion should be free from coercion or domination. Something that Foucault understand how impossible, as every speech itself has power. It is not something that can be discarded or forgotten. In other words, according Foucault, the speech itself is power, whoever speaks. With this, we can see that Habermas and Foucault have very different points of view on what it means to be ethical. This work, in the end, shows that Foucault attempts to show that taking care of themselves is a free opportunity to be ethical, where through personal techniques, the subject search to know and meet themselves, with their bodies and their sexuality as a focus of this process. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar nas obras de Michel Foucault e Jürgen Habermas, os pontos de vista que cada autor tem, sobre a ética contemporânea. Os dois pensadores possuem pontos de referência e de pensamento bastante divergentes. Foucault aborda através da História da Sexualidade como que os sujeitos podem se constituir como pensadores e protagonistas de uma ética voltada para a subjetividade, direcionada para um cuidado pessoal de si. Seus textos nos remetem à vida grega e à possibilidade de uma vida pautada em uma estética da existência, onde preceitos universais não têm vez. Habermas, em contrapartida, parte de um paradigma diverso e praticamente antagônico. Ele acredita que o mundo vivido foi colonizado e instrumentalizado por um mundo sistêmico, onde o dinheiro e o Estado são seus baluartes mais expressivos. A saída que Habermas encontra para esta colonização é o agir comunicativo, onde por meio da linguagem, os sujeitos interagem e buscam através do uso da racionalidade argumentativa, o consenso. Este exercício racional é, segundo Habermas, a possibilidade mais adequada para o equilíbrio entre a subjetividade e a objetividade dos sujeitos que vivem no mundo. No fundo, a comunicação é uma ação intersubjetiva, que leva em conta, a inclusão do outro, a aceitação dos argumentos alheios e a intencionalidade da busca de harmonização entre a esfera privada e a esfera pública. O problema de Habermas reside em sua pretensão de tornar a ação comunicativa uma ação universal, válida para todos. Habermas, para isso, desenvolve uma teoria ética que considera que todo ato de fala possui uma pretensão de validade. O ato de dizer possui uma intenção, uma finalidade. Se esse ato de fala será válido ou não, dependerá da análise da comunidade na qual o sujeito se põe a discutir, dependerá da força argumentativa e da aquiescência ao melhor argumento. Esse ato de pôr em discussão é que validará ou não o argumento. Segundo Habermas, o que importa também é que esta discussão deve ser isenta de coação ou dominação. Algo que Foucault compreende como impossível, pois todo discurso possui em si poder. Não é algo que pode ser descartado ou esquecido. Ou seja, segundo Foucault, o próprio discurso é poder, independentemente de quem discursa. Com isso, podemos ver que Habermas e Foucault possuem pontos de vista bastante diversos sobre o que significa ser ético. Este trabalho, ao final, apresenta que Foucault tenta demonstrar que o cuidado de si é uma possibilidade livre de ser ético, onde através de técnicas pessoais, o sujeito busca encontrar-se e descobrir-se, tendo seu corpo e sua sexualidade como foco deste processo.

The present thesis suggests that judicial interaction can benefit constructive solutions of concrete human rights problems as a specific way of integrating European human rights protection. This affirmation is substantiated by case studies examining the interaction of the European Court of Human Rights with the UK House of Lords and Supreme Court on the one hand and with the German Federal Constitutional Court on the other. Yet, the manner in which the courts proceed in their interaction, notably in view of their potentially conflictual stances, can deflect from the concentration on constructively solving the substantive human rights problem with which the courts are confronted. Accordingly, the courts might be inclined to preserve the status quo of their initial positions and to resort to a mere compromise between the different interests involved.<p>This thesis identifies two major factors in the courts’ reasoning that inhibit the fruitful discussion of the substantive human rights questions brought up by the cases: the reference to “culture” and the focus on their institutional relationship with the balancing of possibly conflicting interests. By way of analysing practical cases against a legal- and political-theoretical backdrop, this work develops how these two factors contribute to the obstruction of a constructive interaction between the courts and to the shielding of controversial views from being discussed and challenged. In response, also by reference to the concrete practice of the courts, this thesis puts forward an approach to the interaction which avoids this inhibiting effect and therefore allows for a comprehensive, deep and critical discussion on how to solve the specific human rights problems raised by the cases./La présente thèse soutient que l’interaction judiciaire peut bénéficier à des solutions constructives des problèmes concrets de droits de l’homme comme une forme spécifique d’intégration de la protection européenne des droits de l’homme. Cette affirmation est corroborée par des études de cas qui examinent l’interaction de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme avec la House of Lords et la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni d’un côté et avec la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale de l’Allemagne de l’autre. Pourtant, la manière dont les cours procèdent dans leur interaction, notamment au vu de leurs points de vue potentiellement conflictuels, peut détourner l’attention de la solution constructive des problèmes substantiels des droits de l’homme auxquels les cours font face. En conséquence, il se peut que les cours soient susceptibles de préserver le statu quo de leurs positions initiales et d’avoir recours à un simple compromis entre les différents intérêts en cause.<p>Cette thèse identifie deux facteurs majeurs dans le raisonnement des cours qui entravent la discussion fructueuse des questions substantielles soulevées par les cas :la référence à la « culture » et la concentration sur leur relation institutionnelle avec le balancement des intérêts possiblement conflictuels. Au moyen de l’analyse des cas pratiques sur le fond de la théorie juridique et politique, ce travail fait ressortir comment ces deux facteurs contribuent à l’obstruction d’une interaction constructive entre les cours et à la protection des opinions controversées contre leur discussion et défi. En réponse, également en se fondant sur la pratique concrète des cours, cette thèse avance une approche quant à l’interaction qui évite cet effet inhibant et, par conséquent, permet une discussion complète, profonde et critique de comment résoudre les problèmes spécifiques de droits de l’homme posés par les cas.<p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences juridiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished