<p>The Act Prohibiting Discrimination and Other Degrading Treatment of Children and School Students (2006:67) entered into force on 1 of April 2006. The purpose of this Act is to promote equal rights for children and school students and to combat discrimination on the five discrimination grounds of sex, ethnic origin, religion or other belief, sexual orientation or disability. This Act also has the purpose of combating other degrading treatment. According to the Act the organiser of the activity shall insure that there is an equal treatment plan that aims to promote the equal rights for children and school students irrespective of the five discrimination grounds. Discrimination is a result of the social norms which tends to exclude people who does not fit in and therefore considerers as being abnormal. Thus it is very important that the equal treatment plan considers and illustrates all of the five discriminations ground and does not exclude or ignore none of them. The purpose of this essay is therefore to investigate if there is a possible level of priority between the five discrimination grounds in the equal treatment plans. The purpose is also to investigate which ideas of normativity that penetrate the equal treatment plans. To explore the norms that are maintained by the structures of power the methods being used are two text analysis; a content analysis and a critical discourse analysis. As a complement to the critical discourse analysis the theories of heteronormativity and intersectionality are being used. The material that is being analysed is five equal treatment plans from five different schools.</p><p>My conclusions are that there is a difference between the five equal treatment plans considering the level of priority. The difference is not, on the other hand, so big in each individual school. The ideas of normativity are being explored in the ways that the equal treatment plans ignores to explore the norms that exists and instead includes the five discriminations grounds into a universal norm.</p>

The Act Prohibiting Discrimination and Other Degrading Treatment of Children and School Students (2006:67) entered into force on 1 of April 2006. The purpose of this Act is to promote equal rights for children and school students and to combat discrimination on the five discrimination grounds of sex, ethnic origin, religion or other belief, sexual orientation or disability. This Act also has the purpose of combating other degrading treatment. According to the Act the organiser of the activity shall insure that there is an equal treatment plan that aims to promote the equal rights for children and school students irrespective of the five discrimination grounds. Discrimination is a result of the social norms which tends to exclude people who does not fit in and therefore considerers as being abnormal. Thus it is very important that the equal treatment plan considers and illustrates all of the five discriminations ground and does not exclude or ignore none of them. The purpose of this essay is therefore to investigate if there is a possible level of priority between the five discrimination grounds in the equal treatment plans. The purpose is also to investigate which ideas of normativity that penetrate the equal treatment plans. To explore the norms that are maintained by the structures of power the methods being used are two text analysis; a content analysis and a critical discourse analysis. As a complement to the critical discourse analysis the theories of heteronormativity and intersectionality are being used. The material that is being analysed is five equal treatment plans from five different schools. My conclusions are that there is a difference between the five equal treatment plans considering the level of priority. The difference is not, on the other hand, so big in each individual school. The ideas of normativity are being explored in the ways that the equal treatment plans ignores to explore the norms that exists and instead includes the five discriminations grounds into a universal norm.

Undersökningen tar avstamp i den dominerande radikalfeministiska pornografianalysen och normer kring kvinnors sexualitet. Dess syfte är att undersöka hur feministiska porrkonsumerande kvinnor förhåller sig till pornografi. Undersökningsmaterialet har skapats genom fem samtalsintervjuer som fokuserar på feminism i relation till pornografi, normer kring kön och sexualitet samt pornografin, med inriktning på bransch, innehåll och konsekvenser. Utgångspunkten är teorier om heteronormativitet, feminism och en förståelse av porr som tal kring sex. Slutsatserna jag drar utifrån informanternas utsagor är de använder sig av olika feministiska förståelser i talet om pornografi. De förhåller sig aktivt, kritiskt och feministiskt till pornografi i sin konsumtion och genom tal och handling utmanar de normativa föreställningar om kön och sexualitet.

The overall aim of this thesis is to examine the production and repetitiveness of gender patterns with focus on girls in the swedish tween magazine Kamratposten. This is of importance due to the non existing research on Kamratposten concerning this specific topic. The aim is also to evoke a broader discussion about the relationsship between gender representation and pedagody. The theoretical framework is based on three concepts, namly Yvonne Hirdman’s gender contract, Judith Butler’s performativity and the idea of heteronormativity. The material underlying the study consists of articles published in Kamratposten during 2010. These articles are divided into two subcategories following the theoretical framework, inside and outside home. The methodological objectives are based on a broader definition of textual analysis, where text consists of a written part as well as of a visual part. The findings of the study includes the following: (1) historical gender patterns are retained (2) individuals of the dominant group are mainly presented and (3) a systematic presentation of a stereotype girl is visible.

Denna C-uppsats är en kvalitativ studie om genus. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om och hur könsrollerna stärks i interaktionen mellan pedagog och elev samt även om detta är något märkbart elever sinsemellan i grundskolans yngre åldrar. Uppsatsen utgår från ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv, men jag har även valt att beröra och presentera ett biologiskt perspektiv. Detta i jämförande syfte, för att skänka min studie en djupare förståelse i ämnet. Mina tre frågeställningar är: Bemöter pedagogen eleverna olika, beroende på om det är en pojke eller flicka? Här undersöks även vilket talutrymme flickor respektive pojkar får i klassrummet. Bär eleverna på föreställningar om vad som anses vara ”manligt” eller ”kvinnligt”? Medier är en stor del av vår vardag. Är detta något som framträder i elevernas vanor och hur kan man i så fall tolka detta i relation till eventuella föreställningar? För att undersöka dessa frågeställningar har jag valt att genomföra en observation samt tio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med elever ur årskurs två på en kommunal skola i södra Stockholm. I min undersökning så framgår det att pedagogens bemötande har en central roll när det gäller konstruktionen av könsroller. Likaså diskuterar jag mediers påverkan i denna process och utifrån mina intervjuer analyserar jag hur dessa mediers inflytande påverkar elevernas föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt. Under min studie har jag haft en rad teorier i åtanke, bland annat har jag valt att lägga stor vikt vid Judith Butlers teorier om den heterosexuella matrisen samt Anja Hirdmans välskrivna verk där begreppet homosociala band blir centralt. I min undersökning så framgår även ett uppmärksammande av de rådande normer och maktsystem som råder i samhället och därmed även i skolan.

Background: Due to a more open climate in society for homosexual people several lesbian couples have given birth to children in their relations. Research has shown no differences between children in lesbian families and children in heterosexual families considering mental and social health. International research has also shown that lesbian parents often have bad experiences from meetings with healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to describe lesbian child families/familyplannings and the lesbian parents experiences and expectations of the healthcare. The method for the study was qualitative interview with 9 lesbian parents. The data was analysed by the queer theory heteronormative concept. The results of the research was that lesbian families considered themselves as a nuclear family and at the same time distanced themselves from the nuclear family concept. The findings showed that lesbian couples are involved in a very long process when they try to become parents. The lesbian parents often met a heteronormative approach in their meetings with nurses in the health care, mainly in nurse's speech and practices. Such approaches lead to negative experiences for the lesbian parents. Conclusion: Nurses need to bee aware of the consequences of heteronormative practices. These aspects should be highlighted in all education for nursing.

This essay examine the meaning produced around bodies and body fat in the queer community, but also in the surrounding straight community. The author has interviewed fat activists, and are using queertehory, to examine and analyze the relationship between body fat and the understanding and construction of sexuality and gender. The author concludes that even if norms around body shape and body fat are overlapping between the two contexts to some degree, they also differ. In the straight community, people with larger body shapes and sizes are punished, and encouraged to stay, or become, slim. However, in the queer community, „fat‟ or bigger body sizes are not frowned upon in the same degree. Even if the slim bodily ideal still is present in the queer community in some degree this bodily ideal seems to be changing and be replaced by more diverse ideals. The author describes how bodily ideals and ideals surrounding body fat factors into the construction of categories such as gender and sexuality, and concludes on how body fat is a factor in the construction of heteronormativity.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study has been to analyse and understand the effects of heteronormative structures in the Swedish asylum process. Homosexual refugees, seeking asylum in Sweden, is in focus when proceeding an analysis about these social structures and normative phenomena. The main discourse, being handled in this study, is between homosexuality and heterosexuality. However, central findings in this study consists of how different approaches, such as gender based identities as well as sexual preferences and ethnic background, combined is influencing the asylum process and the treatment of the asylum seekers. The analysis is based upon legal material, as well as the guidelines and work ethics of the Migrationsverket, which is being compared with theoretical approaches on heteronormativity and structural hierarchy. To achieve a wider understanding of the area and to gain more information, we have also performed interviews with relevant sources. Key-words: Heteronormativity, asylum seekers, homosexuality, power structures Sara Haugbak &amp; Jenny Thomsen, Sociology C, University of Växjö, Sweden

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of this study has been to analyse and understand the effects of heteronormative structures in the Swedish asylum process. Homosexual refugees, seeking asylum in Sweden, is in focus when proceeding an analysis about these social structures and normative phenomena. The main discourse, being handled in this study, is between homosexuality and heterosexuality. However, central findings in this study consists of how different approaches, such as gender based identities as well as sexual preferences and ethnic background, combined is influencing the asylum process and the treatment of the asylum seekers.</p><p>The analysis is based upon legal material, as well as the guidelines and work ethics of the Migrationsverket, which is being compared with theoretical approaches on heteronormativity and structural hierarchy. To achieve a wider understanding of the area and to gain more information, we have also performed interviews with relevant sources.</p><p>Key-words: Heteronormativity, asylum seekers, homosexuality, power structures</p><p>Sara Haugbak & Jenny Thomsen, Sociology C, University of Växjö, Sweden</p>