<p>The aim of this master thesis is to examine high school students’ understandings and experiences of gender equality and to critically study the formulations and the basis of the project from Save the</p><p>Children Sweden which are the basis for this master thesis. By using critical discourse analysis and gender theories the formulations and basis of the project and the interviews has been analyzed. The</p><p>analysis of the project showed neglect for intersectional perspectives and taken for granted hidden opinions about masculinities and femininities. The interviews have been conducted with four high school students, and the students felt that they attend schools which are equal between genders. The analysis of the interviews gave another picture which showed that there are a number of factors that indicate that their schools aren’t equal between genders. The analysis deal with discourses as equality between gender and the lack of equality between gender, individuality, responsibility, resistance to change and will to change.</p>

<p>Sex och samlevnad är ett undervisningsområde som varit obligatoriskt i svensk skolan sedan 1955. Trots detta har få skolor satt upp övergripande mål för arbetsområdet, och undervisningens innehåll kan skilja stort mellan klassrum till klassrum, samt mellan skola till skola. Ett antal studier har dessutom visat att många av de läromedel i ämnet biologi som finns på marknaden ensidigt utgår från att den heterosexuella samlevnaden är den rätta, samt ger uttryck för ett könsåtskiljande perspektiv där mannen och kvinnan ges olika egenskaper, roller och handlingsutrymme. Dessa till synes objektiva biologiska beskrivningar utesluter därmed vissa elever från deras syn på kärlek, kön, lust, sexualitet och identitet. På basis av detta har jag utifrån ett queerperspektiv analyserat läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, kursplanen i biologi, samt ett referensmaterial från Skolverket med avseende på presentationen av kön och sexualitet. Syftet är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser en</p><p>biologisk inramning av frågor om kön och sexualitet ger åt grundskolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning, samt vidare att undersöka om denna inramning är förenlig med de styrdokument som reglerar grundskolan. Metod för studien är diskursanalys. Slutsatsen är att biologiämnet inte räcker till för att ensamt uppfylla de</p><p>ambitioner och mål som uttrycks i läroplanen angående till exempel könsroller, samt att sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen riskerar att bli mycket ensidig om den förläggs enbart till biologiämnet.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna studie var att försöka få en inblick i hur det är att leva i den komplexa kontexten i att ha en hbt (homo-bi-trans) läggning och att vara kristen. Vi ville på individnivå försöka tolka och förstå genom ett queerteoretiskt perspektiv. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie som baseras på sex halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Vidare ligger studiens fokus på personer som har ett aktivt liv inom den kristna kontexten. De begrepp som genomsyrar hela studien är heteronormativitet, hbt och stigmatisering. Analysen är baserad på en analysmodell som heter Interpretative phenomenological analysis och bygger på att lyfta fram teman. Totalt lyfter vi fram sju teman som går under namnen; Socialt rum, Personligt rum, Anpassning, Tyst konsensus, Diskriminering, Erkännande och Framtid. I varje tema lyfts intervjupersonernas egna upplevelser fram genom citat som sen knyts an till vald teori och begrepp. Slutsatser man kan dra av analysen är att det är en komplex miljö som dock börjar bli mer inkluderande för hbt personer. Det komplexa ligger i att olika kristna församlingar ser olika på dessa frågor och det finns ingen klar gemensam hållning. Detta ger olika grader på positiva och negativa sidor med en hbt läggning i den kristna kontexten.</p> / <p>The aim with this study was to try getting an insight in how it is to live in the complex context in having it hbt (homo-bi-transsexual) disposition and to be Christian. We wanted on an individual level try to interpret and to understand through a queertheoretical perspective. We have done a qualitative study that we have based on 6st semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, the study's focus lies on persons who have an active life within the Christian context. The concepts that inform the entire study are heteronormativity, hbt and stigma. The analysis is based on an analysis model that is called Interpretative phenomenological analysis, and builds on lifting forward themes. A total of seven themes are lifted and they go by the names; Social rooms, Personal rooms, Adaptation, Quiet consensus, Discrimination, Admission and Future. In each theme, the interview persons' own experiences are lifted forward through quotations and are linked to our selected theory and concepts. Conclusions one can deduct of the analysis, is that it is a complex environment that however begins to become more including for hbt persons. The complex lies in that differently Christian parishes see differently on these questions and there is no clear common attitude. This gives various degrees on positive and negative sides with an hbt disposition in the Christian context.</p>

<p>The general aim of the project was to describe the situation of lesbians and gay men in a nursing environment by studying the attitudes of nursing staff and students, and the experiences of gay nursing staff in their work environment and of gay patients and partners in their encounters with nursing. The study for papers I and II had a descriptive, comparative design. Nurses, assistant nurses, and nursing students completed the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS), the Causes of Homosexuality Questionnaire (CHQ), and the Affect Adjective Checklist (AAC), along with the Nursing Behaviour Questionnaire (NBQ). In general, the participating nursing staff and students expressed positive attitudes, though some subjects reported very negative attitudes toward gay people. The participants also expressed a full spectrum of emotions from delight to anger. The studies for papers III and IV had a descriptive, explorative design. Here, the data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews. The informants were gay nursing staff, gay patients and partners of patients. The gay personnel reported fear and concern about heterosexuals' reactions when these informants 'come out', and were constantly assesing the risk being open about their sexual orientation among their workmates. Nearly all patients and partners described several situations where heteronormative assumptions were communicated by the nursing staff. Almost all informants offered recommendations for nursing staff to facilitate communication. According to the presented findings, probably only a small minority in Swedish nursing have negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. However, the informants told of heteronormative language and behaviour in nursing contexts that were percieved as insensitive, insulting and humaliating. Nursing staff need to learn how to communicate in a more natural way and to be aware of the norms they communicate through the language and behaviour they use.</p>

This thesis presents theatrical queer feminist interpretations of architecture staged within a series of architectural scenes: architect Eileen Gray’s building E.1027 in the south of France (1926-29); author Natalie Barney’s literary salon at 20 rue Jacob, Paris (1909-1968); and author Selma Lagerlöf’s former home and memorial estate Mårbacka, situated in mid-west Sweden and transformed between 1919 and 1923. Interpreted as queer performative acts, or enactments of architecture, these cases bring into play the interconnectedness of material container, the setting, the deeds and the actors. A broad aim of the thesis is to explore the role played by architecture in the social and cultural constructions of bodies, in particular in relation to gender and sexuality. Architecture is investigated as one of the subjectivating norms that constitute gender performativity. The thesis is thus not only about but also operates through enactment. It masquerades as a series of lectures written in the form of scripted drama. The aim of this formal experiment is not only to explicate and critique from a detached perspective but also to represent architecture in the process of being enacted. Architecture is investigated not only as a theoretical metaphor but also as a concrete material practice always entangled with subject positions. With this exploration into the queerness and the theatricality of architecture, Behind Straight Curtains seeks to affect both the analysis and enactment of architecture and contribute to an architectural shift towards a built environment that does not simply repeat repressive structures but attempts to resist discrimination and dismantle hierarchies. / QC 20100630

Sex och samlevnad är ett undervisningsområde som varit obligatoriskt i svensk skolan sedan 1955. Trots detta har få skolor satt upp övergripande mål för arbetsområdet, och undervisningens innehåll kan skilja stort mellan klassrum till klassrum, samt mellan skola till skola. Ett antal studier har dessutom visat att många av de läromedel i ämnet biologi som finns på marknaden ensidigt utgår från att den heterosexuella samlevnaden är den rätta, samt ger uttryck för ett könsåtskiljande perspektiv där mannen och kvinnan ges olika egenskaper, roller och handlingsutrymme. Dessa till synes objektiva biologiska beskrivningar utesluter därmed vissa elever från deras syn på kärlek, kön, lust, sexualitet och identitet. På basis av detta har jag utifrån ett queerperspektiv analyserat läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, kursplanen i biologi, samt ett referensmaterial från Skolverket med avseende på presentationen av kön och sexualitet. Syftet är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser en biologisk inramning av frågor om kön och sexualitet ger åt grundskolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning, samt vidare att undersöka om denna inramning är förenlig med de styrdokument som reglerar grundskolan. Metod för studien är diskursanalys. Slutsatsen är att biologiämnet inte räcker till för att ensamt uppfylla de ambitioner och mål som uttrycks i läroplanen angående till exempel könsroller, samt att sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen riskerar att bli mycket ensidig om den förläggs enbart till biologiämnet.

Syftet med denna studie var att försöka få en inblick i hur det är att leva i den komplexa kontexten i att ha en hbt (homo-bi-trans) läggning och att vara kristen. Vi ville på individnivå försöka tolka och förstå genom ett queerteoretiskt perspektiv. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie som baseras på sex halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Vidare ligger studiens fokus på personer som har ett aktivt liv inom den kristna kontexten. De begrepp som genomsyrar hela studien är heteronormativitet, hbt och stigmatisering. Analysen är baserad på en analysmodell som heter Interpretative phenomenological analysis och bygger på att lyfta fram teman. Totalt lyfter vi fram sju teman som går under namnen; Socialt rum, Personligt rum, Anpassning, Tyst konsensus, Diskriminering, Erkännande och Framtid. I varje tema lyfts intervjupersonernas egna upplevelser fram genom citat som sen knyts an till vald teori och begrepp. Slutsatser man kan dra av analysen är att det är en komplex miljö som dock börjar bli mer inkluderande för hbt personer. Det komplexa ligger i att olika kristna församlingar ser olika på dessa frågor och det finns ingen klar gemensam hållning. Detta ger olika grader på positiva och negativa sidor med en hbt läggning i den kristna kontexten. / The aim with this study was to try getting an insight in how it is to live in the complex context in having it hbt (homo-bi-transsexual) disposition and to be Christian. We wanted on an individual level try to interpret and to understand through a queertheoretical perspective. We have done a qualitative study that we have based on 6st semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, the study's focus lies on persons who have an active life within the Christian context. The concepts that inform the entire study are heteronormativity, hbt and stigma. The analysis is based on an analysis model that is called Interpretative phenomenological analysis, and builds on lifting forward themes. A total of seven themes are lifted and they go by the names; Social rooms, Personal rooms, Adaptation, Quiet consensus, Discrimination, Admission and Future. In each theme, the interview persons' own experiences are lifted forward through quotations and are linked to our selected theory and concepts. Conclusions one can deduct of the analysis, is that it is a complex environment that however begins to become more including for hbt persons. The complex lies in that differently Christian parishes see differently on these questions and there is no clear common attitude. This gives various degrees on positive and negative sides with an hbt disposition in the Christian context.

The aim of this study is to examine the media coverage of gender-neutral marriage from an intersectional perspective – with particular regard to gender, sexual orientation and religion. By focusing on the spokespeople who appears in the articles we have made an attempt to answer questions regarding who was heard in the debate on gender-neutral marriage and how the homosexual couples are portrayed in relation to the above criteria. The collected material consists of 89 articles, published in 2009, in Swedish newspapers which have been analysed by using quantitative content analysis. Ten articles have also been selected for a critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough’s approach. The study is based on a social constructionist perspective and the assumption that language is of crucial importance when it comes to the creation and maintenance of social categorisation. Theories of gender/queer and intersectionality have furthermore been used to enable us to look at the topic from a multidimensional point of view. The quantitative analysis of the texts shows a great predominance of male spokespersons. Moreover, it appears that religions other than Christianity are largely underrepresented. The same pattern applies to people with homosexual orientation, whom are rarely heard on the issue of gender-neutral marriage. Furthermore, the results show that bisexuals and trans-gendered are almost completely excluded from the debate. The qualitative part of the study points in the same direction. A membership in The Church of Sweden is presented as a natural norm in the case of homosexuality and gender-neutral marriage, and homosexuals with another religion are made invisible or represented as divergent. The texts reveal a tolerance and openness towards homosexuality, but also strong assimilation ideals. The results show that same-sex relationships are portrayed as something the society is expected to accept, but only on condition that they are formed in accordance with the heterosexual norms concerning marriage and relationships, and also follow norms regarding gender and religion.

The aim of this master thesis is to examine high school students’ understandings and experiences of gender equality and to critically study the formulations and the basis of the project from Save the Children Sweden which are the basis for this master thesis. By using critical discourse analysis and gender theories the formulations and basis of the project and the interviews has been analyzed. The analysis of the project showed neglect for intersectional perspectives and taken for granted hidden opinions about masculinities and femininities. The interviews have been conducted with four high school students, and the students felt that they attend schools which are equal between genders. The analysis of the interviews gave another picture which showed that there are a number of factors that indicate that their schools aren’t equal between genders. The analysis deal with discourses as equality between gender and the lack of equality between gender, individuality, responsibility, resistance to change and will to change.

What forms of resistance are gay men in France and North America enacting against heteronormativity and homophobia? And why are they enacting these particular forms of resistance? To answer these questions, this thesis aims to draw connections between gay men's resistance strategies and larger socio-political phenomena in both France and North American cultures. First I focus on the discursive construction of citizens, both heterosexual and homosexual, in order to illustrate how gay men are relegated to second-class citizenship based on their sexual identities and practices. My focus, here, is cultural citizenship and sexual citizenship, two themes that run throughout this thesis. Next, I use Foucault's theories of knowledge-power to reveal how power relations in society discursively create subject positions, such as 'homosexuals' and 'heterosexuals', utilizing structures of control, norms, rewards, and punishments in order to champion heterosexuality to the detriment of homosexuality. In order to contest exercises of power, gay men engage in acts of resistance. i examine scholarly debates centered on resistance, and create a list of criterion for overt resistance, which I dub A AVOIR Resistance on account that it includes the characteristics of Action, Alternatives, Visibility, Opposition, Intent, and Recognition. Utilizing my rubric for overt resistance, as well as Foucault's notions of power, I analyze interview transcripts from a sample of gay men in North America and France to reveal that some gay men, living outside of large metropolitan areas, are rejecting hegemonic ideals of 'gayness' and integrating into mainstream heteronormative society. These men are creating what I call 'authentic communities' where many individuals from various backgrounds and lifestyles live together harmoniously based primarily on access to resources rather than identity markers such as sexual identity. this research shows a split between the ways that urban and suburban gay men embody their homosexuality. Since research on gay men focuses on those living in urban areas, my research calls, instead, for focus on suburban gay men and their resistance to homo-normative ideologies of what it means to me gay. / text