Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This thesis examined the media framing of the Juarez femicide. The media framing of femicide is significant because women have always been the victims of widespread violence. Violence against women exists in all societies and is not restricted to economic class, race, ethnic, and ideology. Despite the prevalence of gender-violence, this issue is taboo in most cultures and difficult to discuss. The study is also significant because it provides insight into the cultural codes in communities where violence against women is prevalent, offers what may be the first comparative academic analysis of U.S. and Mexican media frames, and adds to our understanding of a cross-cultural femicide. This study examined the types of media framing utilized by both the U.S and Mexican media, the implications of the frames, and the differences in framing strategies between the U.S. and Mexican media. The method used to conduct this media framing analysis of the Juarez femicides employed Burke’s (1989) dramatism theory and Noelle-Neumann’s (1971) spiral of silence theory. This method entailed applying the cycle of redemption and silencing theory to newspaper articles from the El Paso Times published in El Paso, Texas, and El Diario published in Ciudad-Juarez, Mexico to determine if the artifact illustrated components of the redemptive process and silencing. This study found eight total themes from both El Paso Times and El Diario that illustrated the components of the redemption, victimage, and silencing. / Department of Communication Studies

Contexte et objectifs. Plusieurs études sur l’homicide ont été réalisées avec l’objectif d’épauler les policiers lors de leurs enquêtes. Le lien entre l’agresseur et la victime représente le principal déterminant des types de meurtres. L’utilité de ces études a toutefois été remise en question tant par les policiers que par la communauté scientifique. En combinant la perspective du script et l’approche dimensionnelle, le but du présent mémoire est d’améliorer les connaissances sur le processus de commission de l’homicide. Méthodologie. Différents scripts de l’homicide seront proposés afin de reconstituer le processus de commission du crime et de mieux comprendre les dynamiques expressives et instrumentales qui y sont rattachées. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de la recherche ont été recueillies auprès de 100 dossiers d’homicide de femmes et d’enfants répertoriés entre 1988 et 2011. Résultats. Les scripts permettent de dresser divers constats. Tout d’abord, lorsque la victime a subi d’importants sévices, le meurtrier est généralement un proche, indépendamment du motif initial de l’agresseur (p. ex. commettre un vol ou tout simplement tuer la victime). La sévérité des sévices dépend également de la présence d’armes sur les lieux du crime et du degré de résistance de la victime. Finalement, les scripts ont démontré que la nature de la relation entre la victime et l’agresseur influence le lieu où le meurtre prend place. Conclusion. Les résultats obtenus s’inscrivent dans une perspective différente en ce sens où, sans négliger la question de la personnalité, des variables contextuelles, hors du contrôle de l’agresseur, ont une incidence sur le niveau de sévices infligé à la victime. Le profile pourrait dès lors intégrer des aspects situationnels afin de pister les enquêteurs. / Context and objectives. Several studies were conducted to support criminal investigations (especially for homicide cases). The level of injuries is generally used to infer the relationship between the suspect and the victim. Such an approach has however been questioned by investigators and the scientific community. The present study combines the script perspective and a dimensional approach to offer a procedural analysis of the homicide process. Methodology. Data were collected from 100 homicide investigations that took place between 1988 and 2011. Scripts were developed to detail the crime commission process leading to expressive and instrumental homicides involving a female or a minor victim. Results. Results indicate that the level of injuries sustained by the victim must be considered in relation to other variables in order to infer its relationship with the suspect. First, when the victim has suffered significant injuries, the murderer is usually a relative, regardless of its initial motive (e.g. burglary or simply killing the victim). Second, the level of expressiveness depends on the presence of crime facilitators (the type of weapon) and the victim’s resistance to the aggressor. At last, high level of injuries are mainly observed when the killing takes place in a private place. Conclusion. The present results suggest that situational factors should – alongside personality variables - be integrated to profiles. Different levels of injuries are sometimes dependent upon contextual contingencies such as the presence of weapons on the crime scene and the victim’s resistance.

The United States faces an ever-growing public health concern of gun violence, having the highest rate of homicide by firearm use among Western countries. American leaders on this subject have debated for many years on how to address this issue. Such debate, in turn, has brought up the concern of the mentally ill in possession of firearms, especially in light of mass shootings. The goal of this thesis is to determine the existence of a relationship between gun violence and mental illness. The significance of discerning this relationship is multi-faceted in that gun violence psychologically traumatizes its victims and also has been linked with mental illnesses in a stigmatizing manner, thanks to the spotlight on mass shootings by the media. Through literature analysis of the behaviors of those with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and alcohol abuse, it was determined that, although increasing a person’s chances for experiencing at-risk behaviors for violence, intrinsic mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are not statistically associated with gun violence. In fact, not only has it been reported that very few firearm-related acts of violence are linked with those with mental illnesses, but also it has been noted that those with serious psychiatric disorders are victimized more often than a person without mental illness. Consequently, it is critical for physicians, lawmakers, and even the general public to take active measures to ensure that those with mental illnesses are not shamed for their condition and receive the necessary services to lead an ordinary lifestyle among their peers.

Este trabalho consiste de uma análise exploratória sobre municípios do Sudeste com população acima de 100mil habitantes abordando dois problemas: a violência e a educação. Na violência abordaremos índices de homicídios na adolescência trabalhando com a faixa de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos. Na educação trabalharemos com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Educacionail Brasileiro referenciado ao último ano do ensino fundamental. Trabalhando com os indicadores citados, abordaremos esses problemas gerando um Índice de Saúde social do Adolescente utilizando a lógica Fuzzy, conjunto nebuloso. Classificando os municípios do Sudeste visando identificar municípios com qualidade de vida melhor para esses adolescentes, expectativa de vida e melhoria na educação. Baixos índices de homicídios e altos índices educacionais desenvolvendo uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar na tomada de decisões no tocante a políticas públicas nos Municípios e Estados gerando um indicador de municípios com qualidade de vida para os adolescentes! Trabalhamos com dados do ano de 2007 tanto para o homicídio quanto para a educação, os valores apresentados nos índices foram divididos em quintis, processados via o software MATLAB utilizando lógica nebulosa (fuzzy), classificados e apresentados nas formas de valores alfanuméricos em tabelas espaciais com o software Quantum Gis através de mapas temáticos das regiões estudadas. / This work aims to analyze Southeastern Brazils municipalities with more than one hundred thousand inhabitants by approaching two main problems: violence and education. Initially, it copes with teen homicide rates taking into account adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years. After that, it considers the Brazilian educational development index for the last grade of high school. Based on those indices, this work proposes a Teen Social Health index using fuzzy logic sets in order to identify municipalities with the best quality of life, life expectancy and educational opportunities for teens. Low homicide rates and high levels of education are crucial to develop a useful tool for making decisions concerning the municipalitys public policies, and for making a quality of life index for teens within the municipality. As to both homicide and education, the data collected for this work refers to the year 2007. The index values are divided into quintiles processed on MATLAB software by fuzzy logic and grouped inside Quantum Gis Software spatial tables in the form alphanumeric values through thematic maps of the analyzed regions.

Statistiskt sett är våldsbrott ett manligt fenomen. Detta leder – logiskt nog – till att medias bevakning av brott ofta beskriver manliga förövare. Ett resultat av detta är bristande studier kring kvinnliga gärningspersoner: Hur representeras kvinnliga brottslingar? Finns där en skillnad i rapporteringens representation när en man begår liknande brott? Om så – varför? Genom en kvalitativ textanalys har vi studerat kvällstidningen Aftonbladets rapportering av två fall: 1. Styckmordet i Askersund, 2014. 2. Styckmordet i Boden, 2013. I Askersund-fallet är både förövare och offer kvinnor, medan i Boden-fallet är förövaren man och offret kvinna. Detta ger oss en möjlighet att se om representationen i fallen skiljer sig åt. För att finna dessa skillnader genomför vi en kritisk diskursanalys (CDA) med hjälp av semiotiska begrepp. Efter utförd CDA, tillämpar vi Jack Lules teori om traditionella myter inom journalistiken, för att se om skillnaderna kan kopplas till någon av Lules arketyper, eller förklaras genom genusteori knuten till medial representation. Sett till fallen, hittade vi flertalet skillnader i hur förövarna representerades. Jonna Henningsson, förövaren i Askersund-fallet, representeras som en farlig, oförutsägbar mördare, medan Kristoffer Johansson, förövaren i Boden-fallet, inte alls får samma utrymme eller betoning av någon av hans personliga attribut. Istället fokuserar rapporteringen i Boden-fallet på hans offer – Vatchareeya Bangsuan. Eftersom de båda fallen är snarlika i alla aspekter förutom förövarens kön, drar vi slutsatsen att denna skillnad springer ur konventionen att kvinnor inte mördar, och om de gör det så skapar det en fascination. Om män mördar, däremot, är det inom ramen för manligt beteende och därmed inte av samma nyhetsvärde, vilket leder till ett fokus på det kvinnliga offret. / Statistically, crimes of violence are predominantly a male phenomenon, leading to the media coverage of crimes such as manslaughter and homicide – and the media studies based on the reports – often portrays a male perpetrator. A logical result of this is a lack of studies regarding female crime offenders: How does the media represent female culprits? Does the representation differ from reports of a man committing a similar crime? If so – Why? Through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we have studied the newspaper Aftonbladets coverage of two murder cases: 1. The killing and dismemberment of Lovisa Lindh in Askersund, 2014. 2. The killing and dismemberment of Vatchareeya Bangsuan in Boden, 2013. The Askersund case has a female perpetrator and victim, while the Boden case has a male perpetrator and a female victim. This gives us an opportunity to study if – and how – the representation in each case differs from one another. To locate eventual differences, we are performing a CDA using semiotic concepts. Then, we seek to apply Jack Lules theories of traditional myths in journalism, along with medial gender studies – to see if these differences may be connected to any of Lules stated archetypes, or to be explained by gender conventions of our culture. Looking at the cases, we found plenty of differences on how the two perpetrators were represented. Jonna Henningsson, the perpetrator in the Askersund case, is represented as a dangerously unpredictable murderer. Kristoffer Johansson, the perpetrator in the Boden case, does not at all get the same amount of coverage or emphasis on any of his personal traits. Instead, the Boden case reports are heavily revolving around his female victim – Vatchareeya Bangsuan. Since the cases are much alike in every other aspect but the perpetrators gender, we draw the conclusion that this difference hails from the established convention that women does not kill, and if they do – it creates a fascination. If men do – it’s somewhat along the lines of male behavior and therefore not nearly as newsworthy, leaving the journalists to focus on the female victim.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-13T12:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJDSS.pdf: 3866652 bytes, checksum: 88abb25d1c93b88b40430286709dbb24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T18:56:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJDSS.pdf: 3866652 bytes, checksum: 88abb25d1c93b88b40430286709dbb24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T18:57:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJDSS.pdf: 3866652 bytes, checksum: 88abb25d1c93b88b40430286709dbb24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T18:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJDSS.pdf: 3866652 bytes, checksum: 88abb25d1c93b88b40430286709dbb24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 / Outra / Between 2001 and 2011, the significant reduction in the homicide rate in São Paulo has sparked controversy in public debate and social sciences. What causalities certainly multiple, and analytic assumptions that explain this phenomenon, a São Paulo specificity in the national framework? In 2001 the city of Luzia to be studied here, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP), presented homicide rate of 51.57 / 100 000 inhabitants; in 2010 this rate dropped to 5.53 / 100,000 inhabitants, a tenth of the initial value. However, in 2011, further significant increase to 18.11 / 100,000 inhabitants in the city, has blurred the picture even more complex. The objective of this research is to study the truth discourses around litigation and homicides operating in an intersection zone, expanding, between state and local policy in relations between broken and chain. The listed data are based on a living as a resident in the city for over 20 years, and of practice in local organizations, over the 2000s, now recovered in the light of ethnography in the territory, conducted between 2012 and 2013. / No período entre 2001 e 2011, a significativa redução das taxas de homicídios no Estado de São Paulo gerou polêmica no debate público e nas Ciências Sociais. Quais as causalidades, seguramente múltiplas, e que pressupostos analíticos explicariam esse fenômeno, uma especificidade paulista no quadro nacional? Em 2001 a cidade de Luzia a ser aqui estudada, localizada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), apresentou taxa de homicídios de 51,57/100 mil habitantes; em 2010 essa taxa caiu para 5,53/ 100 mil habitantes, um décimo do valor inicial. Contudo, no ano de 2011, novo aumento significativo, para 18,11/100 mil habitantes no município, tornou o quadro ainda mais complexo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar os discursos de verdade em torno de litígios e homicídios que operam numa zona de intersecção, em expansão, entre políticas estatais e locais nas relações entre quebrada e cadeia. Os dados elencados partem de uma vivência como morador na cidade, durante mais de 20 anos, e de atuação profissional em organizações locais, ao longo dos anos 2000, recuperados agora à luz de uma etnografia no território, conduzida entre 2012 e 2013.

Este trabalho consiste de uma análise exploratória sobre municípios do Sudeste com população acima de 100mil habitantes abordando dois problemas: a violência e a educação. Na violência abordaremos índices de homicídios na adolescência trabalhando com a faixa de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos. Na educação trabalharemos com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Educacionail Brasileiro referenciado ao último ano do ensino fundamental. Trabalhando com os indicadores citados, abordaremos esses problemas gerando um Índice de Saúde social do Adolescente utilizando a lógica Fuzzy, conjunto nebuloso. Classificando os municípios do Sudeste visando identificar municípios com qualidade de vida melhor para esses adolescentes, expectativa de vida e melhoria na educação. Baixos índices de homicídios e altos índices educacionais desenvolvendo uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar na tomada de decisões no tocante a políticas públicas nos Municípios e Estados gerando um indicador de municípios com qualidade de vida para os adolescentes! Trabalhamos com dados do ano de 2007 tanto para o homicídio quanto para a educação, os valores apresentados nos índices foram divididos em quintis, processados via o software MATLAB utilizando lógica nebulosa (fuzzy), classificados e apresentados nas formas de valores alfanuméricos em tabelas espaciais com o software Quantum Gis através de mapas temáticos das regiões estudadas. / This work aims to analyze Southeastern Brazils municipalities with more than one hundred thousand inhabitants by approaching two main problems: violence and education. Initially, it copes with teen homicide rates taking into account adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years. After that, it considers the Brazilian educational development index for the last grade of high school. Based on those indices, this work proposes a Teen Social Health index using fuzzy logic sets in order to identify municipalities with the best quality of life, life expectancy and educational opportunities for teens. Low homicide rates and high levels of education are crucial to develop a useful tool for making decisions concerning the municipalitys public policies, and for making a quality of life index for teens within the municipality. As to both homicide and education, the data collected for this work refers to the year 2007. The index values are divided into quintiles processed on MATLAB software by fuzzy logic and grouped inside Quantum Gis Software spatial tables in the form alphanumeric values through thematic maps of the analyzed regions.

Given the unresolved status of the cases of victims of forced sterilizations during the government of Alberto Fujimori, this report aims to identify criterias of rationality from criminal doctrine and jurisprudence developed over the years, that will enable judicial officers to get a fair decision, consistent with a Constitutional Democracy, when determining criminal responsibility.Also, with the review of Salomon Lerner and Yvan Montoya, renowned lawyers defenders of human rights and knowledgeable in the subject. / Ante la situación irresuelta de las denuncias de las victimas deesterilizaciones involuntarias durante el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori, el presente informe pretende identificar criterios de racionalidad provenientes de la doctrina y jurisprudencia penal que le permitan a los operadores judiciales obtener una decisión justa y acorde a una Democracia Constitucional, al momento de determinar la responsabilidad penal.Asimismo, se cuenta con los comentarios del Dr. Salomón Lerner y Dr. Yvan Montoya, reconocidos abogados defensores de los derechos humanos y entendidos en el tema.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivos: (i) apresentar a edição fac-similar e semidiplomática justalinear de um processo-crime produzido no século XIX na cidade de Campinas; (ii) analisar a macroestrutura do documento manuscrito. A leitura e a edição do documento manuscrito foram balizadas nos conhecimentos das áreas de Filologia e Linguística Histórica. A análise da macroestrutura pautou-se no modelo das Tradições Discursivas, com base em Koch & Osterreicher (1990) e Kabatek (2006). A análise também levou em consideração os aspectos linguísticos-discursivos propostos por Simões e Kewitz (2006, 2009) para os corpora do português brasileiro. Ao todo são 37 fólios recto e verso que tratam de um crime de feitiçaria e homicídio ocorrido em 1871, sendo rica fonte de dados históricos, socioeconômicos e, sobretudo, linguísticos. A partir desta pesquisa, obtivemos importantes dados acerca de algumas das tradições discursivas que ajudam a reconstruir o português brasileiro em textos da esfera jurídica. / This dissertation aims at: (i) presenting a facsimile and semidiplomatic edition of a criminal proceeding which took place in the city of Campinas in the 19th century; and (ii) analyzing the macrostructure of the manuscript document. The reading and the editing of the document were based on the assumption of Philology and Historical Linguistics. The analysis of the macrostructure was based on the Discoursive Traditions Model proposed by Koch & Osterreicher (1990) and Kabatek (2006). Furthermore, we considered the linguisticdiscoursive aspects suggested by Simões e Kewitz (2006, 2009). Overall, there are 37 folios recto and verso that concern the crime of witchcraft and homicide occurred in 1871, which represent a rich source of historical, socioeconomic and, primarily, linguistic data. This research privided important information about some of the discoursive traditions that helps reconstruct Brazilian Portuguese registered in texts of legal environment