Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-08-25T23:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeThorman.pdf: 3568080 bytes, checksum: 439643fd6254296bde70f45af9eb0ef5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T23:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeThorman.pdf: 3568080 bytes, checksum: 439643fd6254296bde70f45af9eb0ef5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo enfatizada a relevância ao design propiciada pela relação interdisciplinar entre os conceitos de sistema produto-serviço (PSS) e sobrecarga de escolha, salientando a satisfação do indivíduo como campo comum de trabalho entre os mesmos. O conceito de “PSS” trabalha produtos e serviços como parte de um sistema unificado, o qual também compreende outros aspectos como comunicação, distribuição, e atores. Já o conceito de “sobrecarga de escolha” se relaciona ao decréscimo na satisfação do indivíduo quando este realiza uma escolha a partir de um conjunto extenso de alternativas. A revisão de literatura acerca deste efeito sugere que o mesmo não se relaciona somente ao número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa de escolha, mas também às distintas formas por meio das quais o indivíduo pode processar a informação – intuição e raciocínio. Deste modo, o presente estudo investiga o impacto destas formas de processamento da informação sobre o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha através de uma metodologia experimental. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes foram expostos a um conjunto de alternativas de um produto (mp3 player), na qual são manipuladas simultaneamente a quantia de objetos e características que os descrevem. Em adição, os participantes desenvolvem atividades que os levam a processar a tarefa decisória utilizando especificamente intuição ou raciocínio, com o intuito de comparar os resultados obtidos por cada sistema de processamento cognitivo. Os resultados do estudo apresentam que intuição e raciocínio evocam padrões diferentes de processamento da decisão, de maneira que o efeito de sobrecarga de escolha não é despertado unicamente a partir do aumento no número de alternativas envolvidas na tarefa decisória, mas também, na percepção do indivíduo acerca do evento de tomada de decisão. Assim, destaca-se que quando é utilizado o sistema intuitivo, a queda na satisfação do indivíduo se relaciona à elevação em aspectos posteriores à realização da escolha (frustração e arrependimento com a decisão tomada). Foi também revelado que o sistema de raciocíno, além de apresentar as mesmas correlações negativas da satisfação com o arrependimento e frustração com a decisão tomada, ainda correlaciona a queda na satisfação do indivíduo com aumentos na complexidade e sobrecarga percebidas acerca da tarefa decisória, aspectos passíveis de avaliação em um momento anterior à realização da escolha. Deste modo, conclui-se que a satisfação do indivíduo se correlaciona com variáveis distintas de acordo com o sistema de processamento utilizado no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão. / The present study highlights the relevance to the design field provided by the interdisciplinary relationship between the concepts of product-service system (PSS) and choice overload, emphasizing the individual’s satisfaction as a common ground between both concepts. The PSS considers products and services as part of a unified system, which also includes other components such as communication, distribution, and other actors. The concept of choice overload relates to the decrease in satisfaction when a decision is made based on an extensive set of alternatives. The literature review suggests that the overload effect it is not only related to the number of alternatives involved in the choice task , but also to the different ways through which the individual can process information - intuition and reasoning. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of these forms of information processing information on the overload effect through an experimental method. In regards to data collection, the participants were exposed to a set of alternatives of a product (mp3 player), simultaneously manipulating the amount of products and also the characteristics that describe them. In addition, participants develop activities that lead to the specific usage of intuition or reasoning during the decision task, aiming to compare the results obtained by each system of cognitive processing. The results shows that intuition and reasoning evoke different patterns of processing that leads to the choice itself, thus the choice overload effect is not only activated due to an increase in the amount of alternatives involved in the decisionmaking task, but also on the individual's perception about the decision-making event. It is noteworthy that when the intuitive system is used, the individual’s satisfaction is negatively correlated to aspects assessed after the choice was made (frustration and regret). It was also revealed satisfaction through the reasoning system, besides having the same negative with frustration and regret, is also negatively correlated to the individual’s perceived complexity and burden towards the decision-making task (aspects that may be assessed prior to the decision moment).Therefore, it is concluded that satisfaction correlates with distinct variables according to the processing system utilized during the judgment and decisionmaking process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:32:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manolo Perez Vilches.pdf: 3814834 bytes, checksum: d87c7c704c4d80eeaf6d88576a30ef00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-28 / This research intends to show that the playful element is a relevant piece into the interdisciplinary process as an attitude .Although the Playful or Ludic terms have been exhaustive related to the questions about children´s cognitive formation for many autors, their dimension surpasse the limits of the school and childhood; the enchantment in the discovery of the world can be lived deeply by all and in any age and is closely related to the contact with the new, the challenger, the beauty and the fantastic. This work looks for not only to stand out the importance of the playful element in the school as in the daily routine of all people. The possibility of an interdisciplinary experience, while easing experiences that do not break up knowledge, gains important elements when playful manifests itself in simple things such as the architecture of the cities, the simplicity of toys, the beauty of arts, the magic of the numbers, or the delights of the gastronomy, among others situations. The satisfaction in knowing the strange, intuiting its secrets, in trying to dominate it and understanding it, in revisiting it, makes man a perpetual apprentice, from childhood to the maturity. When we dive in the satisfaction of the ludic experience there are no borders between knowledge and, when valuing the revelations that the disciplinarity knowing offers to us in each moment, we perceive the necessity of a look that rescues us to a totality . From the practical experience, this work establishes ways for the valuation of Ludic element as a powerful motivator of satisfaction of knowing in an interdisciplinary perspective / Este trabalho procura desvelar o elemento lúdico como constituinte ao processo de tomada de uma atitude interdisciplinar. Embora o termo Lúdico tenha sido exaustivamente relacionado às questões da formação cognitiva da criança por muitos pesquisadores, sua dimensão extrapola os limites da escola e da infância; o encantamento na descoberta do mundo pode ser vivenciado por todos e em qualquer idade e está intimamente relacionado ao contato com o novo, com o desafiador, com o belo e com o sentido de descoberta, e assim faz-se potente na intenção da prática interdisciplinar. Para ressaltar a importância do elemento lúdico, o conceito será analisado em três dimensões: o lúdico numa dimensão ontológica, tratando da formação do pesquisador interdisciplinar; o lúdico numa dimensão epistemológica, re-contextualizando o conceito a partir de uma visão histórica à luz das pesquisas em Interdisciplinaridade e o lúdico numa dimensão praxiológica, tratando do pesquisador interdisciplinar em ações direcionadas a uma mudança de paradigma no ensino. A possibilidade de uma vivência interdisciplinar, enquanto facilitadora de experiências que não fragmentam o saber, ganha elementos importantes quando o lúdico se manifesta na interação entre sujeitos envolvidos no ato da aprendizagem e construção do conhecimento. A satisfação em conhecer o desconhecido, intuir seus segredos, em tentar dominá-lo e compreendê-lo, em revisitá-lo, faz do homem um eterno aprendiz, da infância à maturidade. Quando se mergulha na satisfação da vivência lúdica não há fronteiras entre os saberes e, ao mesmo tempo que se valorizam as revelações e contribuições que a disciplinaridade oferece, na compreensão de um ou outro elemento, percebe-se a necessidade de superação das partes para uma condição que contemple o todo. A Interdisciplinaridade, nesta perspectiva, se manifesta como uma metodologia de trabalho e não apenas como recurso pedagógico, pontuando diretrizes para uma prática pedagógica apta a enfrentar os desafios do contemporâneo. A hipótese deste trabalho é, portanto, que o lúdico, por suas características, seja um facilitador da atitude interdisciplinar. Partindo da prática, explicitam-se caminhos para a valorização do lúdico como potente elemento motivador do gosto pelo conhecimento e analisam-se possíveis dificuldades na vivência compartilhada deste elemento

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este nÃo pretende ser um trabalho meramente expositivo. Portanto, deseja-se que, a partir dele, algumas questÃes de importÃncia capital para a compreensÃo da Filosofia TeÃrica de Kant sejam nÃo somente erigidas, mas principalmente solucionadas. O ponto de partida inicial consiste no levantamento da seguinte indagaÃÃo: âExerceriam as intuiÃÃes sensÃveis o papel de juiz supremo na dissoluÃÃo das ilusÃes transcendentais?â. Segundo a interpretaÃÃo mais recorrente da âCrÃtica da RazÃo Puraâ â como parece ser o caso das leituras de Cohen, Strawson, bem como de uma sÃrie de outras a serem identificadas â a resposta à questÃo anterior seria afirmativa. Tal concepÃÃo (conforme revelarà este estudo) advogarà que, em Ãltima instÃncia, todas as questÃes da MetafÃsica tradicional (prÃ-kantiana) sÃo denunciadas por Kant como ilegÃtimas precisamente porque nÃo pode ser apresentado, na intuiÃÃo sensÃvel, um objeto que seja correspondente Ãs idÃias por ela construÃdas. Portanto, Kant nÃo teria feito nada mais do que esboÃar uma teoria da possibilidade da experiÃncia (a EstÃtica e a AnalÃtica Transcendentais) e restringir todo o conhecimento humano a este domÃnio, de modo a postular que as questÃes metafÃsicas sÃo ilegÃtimas por nÃo se submeterem Ãs exigÃncias epistÃmicas originais aà esboÃadas. Este trabalho entende que a compreensÃo acima referida desta problemÃtica à insuficiente, haja vista negligenciar o fato de que hÃ, na âCrÃtica da RazÃo Puraâ, nÃo somente uma anunciaÃÃo dogmÃtica, mas uma justificaÃÃo da tese de que todo o conhecimento humano à restrito à esfera da sensibilidade (solo da experiÃncia possÃvel). Esta justificaÃÃo nÃo à outra se nÃo a crÃtica das ilusÃes transcendentais realizada pela DialÃtica Transcendental. Por meio dos Paralogismos da RazÃo Pura, das Antinomias da RazÃo Pura e do Ideal da RazÃo Pura, os silogismos realizados naturalmente pela razÃo serÃo revelados como as balizas para erigirem uma incoerÃncia que diz respeito antes à nÃo assunÃÃo dos propÃsitos iniciais da razÃo do que a uma inadequaÃÃo Ãs exigÃncias da sensibilidade. Tais incoerÃncias sÃo as ilusÃes transcendentais da existÃncia da alma, do mundo (totalidade dos fenÃmenos) e de Deus â os respectivos objetos da Psicologia, Cosmologia e Teologia Racionais. Tentaremos mostrar, por ocasiÃo deste trabalho, que a ilusÃo de afirmar, mediante silogismos a priori, a existÃncia destes objetos consiste primeiramente numa inadequaÃÃo com os propÃsitos iniciais da razÃo pura (mesmo que esta venha a, posteriormente, configurar ilusoriamente tais existÃncias) e, somente por conseqÃÃncia disto, tambÃm com as exigÃncias expressas na EstÃtica e na AnalÃtica Transcendentais. Isto exige do empreendimento a ser realizado neste estudo, portanto, uma CrÃtica da Psicologia Racional, uma CrÃtica da Cosmologia Racional e uma CrÃtica da Teologia Racional. Deste modo, justificarÃamos a tese de que todo conhecimento està reduzido à esfera da sensibilidade e esclarecerÃamos, assim, o porquà dessa ilusÃo ser considerada, por Kant, como transcendental, racional e, portanto, inevitÃvel â esclarecimento este que a referida âinterpretaÃÃo recorrenteâ se abstÃm de realizar. / This study is not meant to be merely expository. Therefore, the aim is that some questions of capital importance for the understanding of Kantâs Theoretic Philosophy not only be raised but also resolved, based on this study. The initial starting point consists of raising the following question: âWill sensitive intuition exercise the role of supreme judge in the dissolution of transcendental illusionsâ? According to the most reoccurring interpretation of the âCritique of Pure Reason,â the answer to the aforementioned question will be affirmative, as seems to be the case in the interpretations of Cohen, Strawson, as well as a series of others to be identified. Such a concept (according to what will be revealed in the study), will advocate, in the end, that all the questions of traditional Metaphysics (pre-Kant) are denounced by Kant as illegitimate, precisely because they can not be presented in sensitive intuition, an object which corresponds to the ideas which it, itself has constructed. Hence, Kant would have done nothing more than outline a theory of the possibility of experience (Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic) and restrict all human knowledge to this domain, in a way which assumes that metaphysical questions are illegitimate, as they are not subject to the original epistemic demands, therein outlined. This study assumes that the understanding of this problem, mentioned above, is insufficient, in that it has neglected the fact that there is, in the âCritique of Pure Reason,â not only a dogmatic announcement of, but also a justification of the thesis that all human knowledge is restricted to the sphere of sensibility (grounds of the possibility of experience). This justification is none other than the critique of transcendental illusions made by Transcendental Dialectic. Through the Paralogisms of Pure Reason, the Antinomies of Pure Reason and the Ideal of Pure Reason, the syllogism realized naturally by reason, will be revealed as the foundation for raising an incoherency regarding the non-assumption of the initial proposals of reason, rather than an inadequacy of the demands of sensibility. Such incoherencies are the transcendental illusions of the existence of the soul, the world (the totality of phenomenon) and of God â the respective objects of psychology, cosmology and Rational Theology. We will attempt to show, in this study, that the illusion of affirming the existence of these objects, in light of the syllogisms a priori, consists firstly, in an inadequacy with the initial proposals of pure reason (even if later this becomes an illusionary configuration of such existences) and only as a consequence of it; and also with the express demands of Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. Hence, this requires a Critique of Rational Psychology, a Critique of Rational Cosmology and a Critique of Rational Theology for the realization of the task in this study. In this way we will justify the thesis that all knowledge is reduced to the sphere of sensibility and will thus clarity why this illusion is considered by Kant to be transcendental, rational and inevitable. This clarification is what the aforementioned âreoccurring interpretationâ fails to do.

Kaohsiung is transforming from a city of heavy industries into one of service industries, the rate of unemployment and adjustment of industry structure are becoming the real challenges for local development. During WTO and the 2009 World Games, moreover, Kaohsiung is expected to rise to the challenge of risks. Meanwhile, demand of citizens in Kaohsiung are not fully corresponded to public policies made by central government, and most of the people don¡¦t care as much as should local affairs because of lack of effective communications between public and private sectors. Therefore, in city marketing efforts, it would be more important to encourage participation and integrate multiple sectors¡¦ opinions as ¡§internal marketing¡¨ rather than just trying to attract businesses to the city. An integrated public affair management(PAM) framework(Wang et al., 2003)is adopted to describe situations in the pluralistic societies. Then we introduce the Cognitive Continuum Theory(CCT) adopted by Hammond et al., (1987) and Interactive Management (IM) technique developed by Warfield (1994). Results of studies are: 1) the problems of Kaohsiung¡¦s local development on structure of industry, human resource and port of Kaohsiung, 2) in the CCT studies there exist quite a few differences of cognition and modes of cognition presented tend to ¡§intuition¡¨ or ¡§analysis¡¨ between limited information, and 3) the IM analysis include competitive strategies for Kaohsiung¡¦s local development and an problematique diagram to demonstrate the structure of strategies. The conclusion is that, although there exist diversities of opinions among multiple stakeholders in Kaohsiung, they can be quite effectively addressed with the IM technique. Methods and results introduced and used here should be of value to relevant agencies about public forum and citizen conference.

The main aim of this study, in which 310 university students participated, is to investigate whether or not computer interfaces offering human-like apologetic error messages influence users&rsquo / self-appraisals of performances and actual performances in the computerized environment. For the study, an online instructional material which includes deliberate design problems leading to user frustration was developed. The study is comprised of three phases. In the first phase, based on the CCSARP (Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns) coding manual and the studies conducted with the framework provided by the manual, apology strategy sequences were elicited from Turkish participants. Two of these apology strategy sequences were selected for producing two apology error messages. In addition to these apology messages, one plain computer error message was also developed for experimental control. The second phase of the study was conducted to determine whether these three messages were perceived as apologies. It was found out that the two apology messages were perceived as apologies and the plain computer message was not perceived as an apology. In the third phase these three messages were used to investigate the relationship between mood, self-appraisal of performance and actual performance after the transmission of the apologetic error messages. The findings of this study show that the frequencies of apology strategies preferred in the computerized environment are similar with those utilized in the social context. Statistical analyses also reveal that the influence of apology messages on self-appraisal of performance depends on participants&rsquo / mood state and the contents of the apology messages.

The aim of this study is to make an inquiry on the nature and the development of dualities in Bergson&rsquo / s philosophy. Since the nature of each duality differs from the others and the dualistic pattern inherent in Bergsonian philosophy is subject to change, we base our study on a chronological structure in order to comprehend better how this pattern changes. We claim that such an inquiry will yield relevant outcomes with regard to ontological and epistemological evolution of Bergson&rsquo / s thought. To state more precisely, we are of the idea that the modification in the dualistic pattern in Bergson&rsquo / s ontology is reflected in a parallel manner in his epistemology. The fundamental question that shows us the way to follow in our study is whether the elements of the dualities (whether they be ontological or epistemological) are reconciled by Bergson or they are left as absolutely distinct elements. At the end of the inquiry regarding that question, which we believe can be taken as an inspiring point in developing new approaches especially to epistemological problems, our conviction is that Bergson points out to a meeting point.

Our master dissertation pursued the research question of what the internationalization process of a hybrid firm would look like. To do so, the authors performed an in-depth analysis of a Swedish SME which exhibited characteristics of a hybrid firm. These hybrid firms, as we have named them, use a mixed range of internationalization strategies. An abductive method of research was used in this thesis, as the authors took direction from previous literature and created their own new internationalization process model based on their findings. The main areas of this research focused on the drivers for internationalization and the barriers to internationalization, as well as the market selection and entry mode into foreign countries. This research found that the Swedish SME base their internationalization process on their human resources and the intuition of their management. These two key elements were the foundation for the new hybrid internationalization process model created by the authors.

Contexte : malgr?? les particularit??s de l???environnement de pratique de la m??decine d???urgence, il n???existe pas de recherches sp??cifiquement men??es sur la th??matique du raisonnement clinique dans cette sp??cialit??. Nous avons souhait?? mieux comprendre comment les m??decins urgentologues raisonnent dans le cadre de la prise en charge initiale des patients. M??thode : une posture ??pist??mologique interpr??tative a ??t?? adopt??e ?? travers un devis de recherche qualitatif de type ethnographique. Des entretiens ont ??t?? r??alis??s aupr??s de m??decins urgentologues experts, ?? l???issue de la prise en charge d???un patient r??el. Ces entretiens reposaient notamment sur la visualisation de l???enregistrement vid??o en perspective subjective situ??e, obtenu gr??ce ?? l'usage d'une microcam??ra fix??e sur la tempe ou la branche de lunettes des praticiens. R??sultats : les hypoth??ses diagnostiques sont g??n??r??es tr??s pr??cocement par les m??decins, parfois m??me avant la rencontre avec le patient, sur la base de la prise en compte d???un nombre tr??s limit?? d???informations, pour certaines contextuelles. Cinq hypoth??ses ??taient en moyenne g??n??r??es lors de la rencontre initiale et au moins une ??tait une hypoth??se de gravit??. Aucune n?????tait formellement ??limin??e ou valid??e sans r??sultats d???examens compl??mentaires. Un jugement pr??coce quant ?? la gravit?? de la situation permettait ??galement aux m??decins d???orienter leurs intentions initiales vers des buts diagnostiques ou th??rapeutiques. Les experts raisonnaient le plus souvent de mani??re intuitive. Ils prenaient en compte les sp??cificit??s de leur environnement professionnel en ??tant, par exemple, vigilants au temps, au caract??re potentiellement ??volutif de l?????tat clinique du malade et au devenir d???aval de celui-ci. Conclusion : l???identification du raisonnement clinique des m??decins urgentologues offre des perspectives importantes en mati??re de pratique de la m??decine d???urgence, et de formation des r??sidents dans cette discipline. La m??thode originale de recueil des donn??es pourrait en outre ??tre r??exploit??e dans le cadre de travaux ult??rieurs.

Si le rapport entre Derrida et Bergson n’a pas fait l’objet de nombreuses études, les commentaires existants témoignent à peu près tous d’une vision commune : entre les deux philosophes, les divergences peuvent être atténuées, voire dissoutes, par la considération de convergences plus fondamentales. Les pages qui suivent seront l’occasion pour nous de faire contrepoids à cette vulgate interprétative. Sans nier l’existence de points de contact entre Derrida et Bergson, nous voudrions en effet montrer qu’un important désaccord subsiste entre eux au sujet de la possibilité de l’intuition. Alors que Derrida met en cause les doctrines intuitionnistes, Bergson érige l’intuition en méthode philosophique. Le présent mémoire prendra pour fil conducteur les motifs de cette discorde. Réduit à sa plus simple expression, l’objectif que nous y poursuivrons sera de montrer que les pensées bergsonienne et derridienne, lorsque mises en dialogue, révèlent un désaccord partiel qui permet de réfléchir de façon féconde sur la possibilité de l’intuition. Pour être plus exact, nous caresserons ici une triple ambition : i/ cerner étroitement l’objet du litige entre Derrida et Bergson, trop peu souligné par les commentateurs, et dont nous montrons qu’il s’articule à une entente partielle ; ii/ tirer au clair les diverses raisons qui amènent l’un à s’en prendre à l’intuition, l’autre à embrasser la méthode intuitive ; iii/ établir que certains arguments de Bergson, bien qu’ils connaissent un regain d’intérêt depuis quelques années, paraissent lacunaires lorsqu’on les confronte à différentes objections. / Although studies of the relation between Derrida and Bergson are few and far between, they nearly all share a common vision: that of attenuating – or even altogether eliminating – the divisions between the two philosophers’ thought, by considering their more fundamental convergences. The following pages will allow us to counterbalance this common interpretation. Without denying the points that Derrida and Bergson do have in common, we will show an important divergence in opinion between the two on the idea that intuition is possible and founded. While Derrida lays doubt on intuitionist doctrine, Bergson establishes intuition as a philosophical method. This thesis examines the motives behind this divergence. Put simply, a comparison of Derridian and Bergsonian thought reveals a partial disagreement that enables fruitful reflection about whether or not intuition is possible. More precisely, we pursue three objectives here: i/ to clearly identify the scope of the disagreement between Derrida and Bergson, often overlooked by previous commentaries, showing that it includes a partial agreement; ii/ to clarify the diverse reasons leading Derrida to deny the very existence of intuition while Bergson embraces intuition as a philosophical method; and iii/ to show that certain Bergsonian arguments, although enjoying a resurge in interest in recent years, appear unable to stand up to several different objections.

This exploratory case study was undertaken to obtain a greater understanding of the difficulties that physics students face when solving image-object projections in optics problems. This was carried out by studying the students’ reasoning when facing new kinds of problem settings using the refraction of light and the position of the virtual image and the real object as the frame for the research. The results show that there is more than one reasoning possibility that is feasible for students to use when dealing with the same problem. The results also illustrate how several different ways of reasoning may be simultaneously needed to solve a refraction problem. The different kinds of reasoning have been referred to as reasoning categories in this study. The analysis illustrates how the categories complement each other, and the use of many reasoning categories is shown to be fruitful. However, the vast majority of the participants made contradicting answer selections when solving similar problems by using contradicting reasoning approaches. This lack of consistency in the participants’ reasoning could indicate that they have a fragmentary understanding of optics in general. Both the capability to link reasoning approaches together, as well as the affordances that different modes of representations offer, are needed for the construction of a better conceptual understanding. Only mastering a few ways of reasoning and a few modes of representation could lead to fragmented knowledge, which, in turn leads to making problem solving really challenging. One purpose of this study was to find out if reasoning categories and modes of representations are essentially linked. If so, then the reasoning categories would be determined by the representation of the problem. The analysis shows that there is a connection, but that there are also other factors at play.