Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Integration and sport plays a big part in today's society. By being a part of a sport club most immigrants experience coherence with the other club members and it helps them to learn the Swedish language and culture. The purpose of this essay is to find out how sport clubs work with - and implements - integration. It is a qualitative interview study where two sport clubs in Umeå have been selected, in association with Umeå municipality, according to specific criteria. Five people in each club have been interviewed. This type of study was chosen because it gives the opportunity to collect the respondent’s perceptions and experiences, and it will also create an opportunity for further arguments and developed answers.The result of the study show that the consultants in each sport club had knowledge about the integration policy and guidelines and the team leaders did not. It also showed that the sport club who had worked with integration projects in the past and had an ongoing project at the moment had more immigrant members. The ongoing project consists of a drop-in activity where football practices are arranged once a week. The second sport club does not intend to do anything else than their regular activities because of the energy and time it would take.

This essay focused on newly arrived girls and in which way they can participate in sports in Sweden, Vasterbotten county. Research shows that newly arrived boys in a much greater number can be a part of sports when they arrive in a foreign country compared to girls. Thirteen girls have through interviews and focus groups contributed to this study where they shared their own experiences with the sports movement in Sweden. The study wanted to bring knowledge about how they experience being a part of sport in Sweden. But also, which barriers that can appear to make participation a problem and how they thought they had been a part of the Swedish sports movement. The result showed that common barriers were problems with transport and that sports clubs weren’t very good at recruiting the girls. Although the girls thought practising sport was a very effective way of learning the Swedish language, making new friends and to become a part of the society.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Den kvinnliga idrottstriaden innefattar komponenterna låg energitillgänglighet, menstruationsdysfunktion och låg bentäthet hos kvinnliga idrottare. Samtliga kvinnliga idrottare har en förhöjd risk att drabbas av triaden och störst risk har idrottare där en låg kroppsvikt är att föredra. Kunskapen om detta behöver bli bättre. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av den kvinnliga idrottstriadens komponenter hos kvinnliga idrottare samt hur det fysioterapeutiska omhändertagandet av dessa idrottande kvinnor ser ut. Metod: 17 vetenskapliga artiklar är inkluderade i denna litteraturstudie. Då studien har två delsyften att besvara gjordes två separata sökningar i databaserna PubMed, SPORTDiscus och CINAHL. Artiklar valdes först utifrån titel och abstract. Därefter lästes de grundligt igenom för att avgöra om de fortfarande skulle inkluderas utifrån våra avgränsningar. Resultat: Förekomsten av låg energitillgänglighet, menstruations dysfunktion och låg bentäthet var vanligt förekommande bland idrottarna. Förekomsten av två triad komponenter var vanligast och då med kombinationen låg energitillgänglighet/ätstörningar och menstruations dysfunktion. 61 % av fysioterapeuterna svarade att det kände till de tre komponenterna i den kvinnliga idrottstriaden. De vanligaste behandlingsmetoderna som fysioterapeuterna använde sig av var samtal med idrottaren och hennes föräldrar om bra näringsintag och kalciumtillskott samt hänvisa till annan vårdpersonal för vidare utredning och behandling. Konklusion: Förekomsten av den kvinnliga triaden är stor bland kvinnliga idrottare. Det fysioterapeutiska omhändertagandet av den kvinnliga idrottstriaden är idag lite beforskat. Det behövs mer kunskap och forskning kring detta för att upptäcka problematiken i tid och för att en optimal behandling ska kunna ges.

Bakgrund:  Idag erbjuds idrottsutbildning på runt 200 skolor i Sverige för elever som vill kombinera sina gymnasiestudier med elitsatsning inom sin idrott. Aktuell forskning visar en hög prevalens av skador hos unga elitsatsande idrottare samt att skador är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att unga slutar med sin idrott. Medicinskt stöd på idrottsgymnasium kan minska konsekvenserna av att vara skadad samt förebygga nya skador och det är därför motiverat att dessa skolor har tillgång till detta. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka tillgång till medicinskt stöd vid riksidrottsgymnasium (RIG) och nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar (NIU) i Sverige.  Metod Studien genomfördes med en tvärsnittsdesign och omfattade RIG och NIU i Sverige. Data samlades in genom rektor eller annan ansvarig som besvarade en webbaserad enkät på uppdrag av skolan. Totalt bjöds 180 skolor in att delta i studien varav 86 besvarade enkäten och inkluderades i studien. Datainsamling pågick under perioden 211122–220204. Statistisk analys gjordes med Fisher exact test och Chi-square test för att jämföra tillgång till medicinskt stöd på RIG och NIU. P-värde ≤ 0,05 valdes som statistiskt signifikant. Resultat Av de 86 skolor som svarade på enkäten hade 73% tillgång till medicinskt stöd och 52% hade tillgång till fysioterapeut.  Det förelåg ingen skillnad gällande medicinskt stöd mellan de som endast erbjuder RIG och endast NIU (p=0,554). Det fanns 35 olika idrotter på de skolor som deltog i studien. Följande professioner fanns representerade på skolorna: fysioterapeut, sjuksköterska, läkare, psykolog, kurator och dietist.  Konklusion Denna studie visar att majoriteten (71%) av skolorna som erbjuder idrottsutbildning i Sverige tillgång till medicinskt stöd men endast hälften (52%) hade tillgång till fysioterapeut. Det behövs mer samlad information om vilka skolor som erbjuder idrottsutbildning samt fler studier för att utvärdera vilken betydelse medicinskt stöd har för elevernas hälsa och risken för skador. / Background There are 200 schools in Sweden for students who wants to combine their high school studies with elite sports. Today many are specializing in competitive sports at young age and current research shows a high injury prevalence in young elite athletes. Injuries is one of the main reasons many quit their sport at a young age. Medical support can reduce the consequences of an injury and prevent new injuries. Thus, medical team in sports high school programs could be strongly recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate access to a medical team at national sports high school (RIG) and nationally approved sport educations (NIU) in Sweden,    Method The study was a cross-sectional study and included RIG and NIU in Sweden. Data was collected by a web-designed survey. A total of 180 schools were invited, 86 responded to the survey and were included in the study. Data was collected from December 2021 to February 2022. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher exact test and Chi square test to compare access to medical support at RIG and NIU. P-value ≤ 0,05 was selected as statistically significant.  Result A total of 86 schools replied to the survey, 73% of these stated that they had access to medical support and 52% had access to a physiotherapist. There was no disparity between RIG and NIU regarding medical support (P= 0,554).  There were 35 different sports at the schools and the following professions were represented: physiotherapist, nurse, doctor, psychologist, curator, and dietician.  Conclusion  Based on this study most (71%) sports high schools in Sweden seem to have access to medical support but only 52% had access to a physiotherapist. More information is needed regarding which schools offer a sports education and there need to be more studies to evaluate the importance of medical support for students’ health and the risk of injury.

Bakgrund: Vitamin D är en solskensvitamin eftersom den bildas naturligt i kroppen när huden exponeras av solen. Vitamin D består av två fettlösliga former ergokalciferol (D2) och kolekalciferol (D3. Vitamin D är ett grundläggande komplement för att bevara en god hälsa och prestation. Syfte: Att undersöka vitamin D påverkan på fysisk prestation hos uthållighetsidrottare. Metod: Artikelsökningar på PubMed och Sport Discus gjordes 30/3 - 2/4 för att undersöka syftet med studien. Sammanlagt inkluderades 6 studier som undersökte vitamin D påverkan på fysisk prestation hos uthållighetsidrottare. Två kvalitetsbedömningar gjordes av studier för att undersöka om de uppfyller grundläggande kvalitetskrav. Resultat: Studierna genomförde fysiska tester och innehöll olika typ av uthållighetsidrottare, såsom löpare, cyklister, simmare, roddare, elitidrottare. Effekter av vitamin D på fysisk prestation var bland annat förbättrad muskelåterhämtning, muskelstyrka, snabbhet och syreupptagning. Konklusion: Vitamin D har positiva effekter på fysisk prestation hos kvinnliga och manliga uthållighetsidrottare. / Background: Vitamin D is a sunshine vitamin because it is formed naturally in the body when the skin is exposed to the sun. Vitamin D consists of two fat-soluble forms, ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3). Vitamin D is a basic supplement for maintaining good health and performance. Purpose: To investigate the impact of vitamin D on the physical performance of endurance athletes. Method: Article searches were made in PubMed and Sport Discus 30/3-2/4 to investigate the purpose of the study. Totally 6 studies were included that have investigated the impact of vitamin D on the physical performance of endurance athletes. Two quality assessments were made on the studies to investigate whether they meet basic qualification requirements. Result: The studies performed physical tests and included different types of endurance athletes such as runners, cyclists, swimmers, rowers, elite athletes. Effects of vitamin D on physical performance included improved muscle recovery, muscle strength, speed, and oxygen uptake. Conclusion: Vitamin D has positive effects on physical performance in female and male endurance athletes.

Syftet med studien var att studera om den upplevda kvaliteten på tränare-idrottare relation, idrottsidentitet och kamratskapat motivationsklimat kunde predicera symtom på idrottsliga utbrändhetsdimensionen emotionell och fysisk utmattning hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare. Det inkluderingskrav som fanns i studien var att deltagarna skulle kombinera sin elitsatsning med en RIG eller NIU utbildning på gymnasiet. Data samlades in via en webbenkät där samtliga variabler mättes. I studien deltog det 92 unga elitsatsande lagidrottare. Via enkla regressionsanalyser visade resultatet att tränare-idrottare relation signifikant kunde predicera symtom på emotionell och fysisk utmattning. Idrottsidentitet och kamratskapat motivationsklimat kunde inte predicera symtom på emotionell och fysiska utmattning. Studiens resultat uppmärksammar vikten av att jobba för en god relation mellan tränare och idrottare för att minska symtom på utbrändhetsdimensionen emotionell och fysisk utmattning.

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Today, an elite athlete cannot only focus on their sport, it has become impossible to ignore social media completely. As these platforms generate so many opportunities for the athletes to strengthen the financial conditions as well as the personal brand. In contrast when the traditional media reported sport the female athletes were always underrepresented, the athletes can now be more involved and influence about what will reach the audience. These are some of the factors that this study examines differences and similarities between male and female athletes' use of social media. The study focuses mainly on Instagram and what the athletes publish on this platform. The purpose is to see if the athletes have different intentions and attitudes around their social media and how Instagram affects the athletes and companies. Through a digital data collection, twelve athletes' Instagram feeds have been analyzed and mapped to get a clearer picture of what the athletes publish. This analysis has served as a feasibility study for the three more in-depth interviews conducted with two athletes and one company. The qualitative interviews examined more the intention behind the publications and how companies view sponsorship of athletes via social media.   The study shows that social media increases the opportunities for athletes to get more sponsors and better contracts. It has even become so important with social media that athletes feel that companies care more about their followers on Instagram than their sport achievements. The male athletes have always had the most media space when the traditional media had the power, but when it comes to social media, it is the female athletes who get the most followers. One reason for this that the company interviewed in the study mentions is that the female athletes are better at making their content feel genuine. This also means that companies need to guide their male athletes more regarding what content should be published. In conclusion, this study shows that the male athletes mostly publish content that is competition-related compared to the female ones where posts related to privacy occur more often.

The aim of this study was to examine what Swedish elite athletes’ experiences, opinions and ideas are about Swedish sports journalism. We wanted to understand how sports journalism works through the athletes’ point of view, since there is a symbiotic relationship between professional sports and the media. To approach this we carried out a qualitative study based on seven personal interviews with elite athletes representing seven different sports. The theoretical frames used in this study are symbolic interactionism, the agenda-setting theory, framing theory and the sports media complex.The result shows that according to the athletes the journalistic content depends on a range of components, the most important being the relation between the journalists and the athletes, which is mainly based upon the journalist’s knowledge and participation. The sports media complex, which explains the symbiosis between sports and media, is very explicit in our results and so is how journalists set the agenda for the audience. We discuss whether distorted coverage and insufficient knowledge can result in the citizens not getting a chance to fully understand the reality of sports in Sweden and how stereotypical journalism communicate certain meanings and values about sports to the audience.