This work examines the situation of hearing impaired students in Swedish mainstream upper-secondary schools, with special focus on English classes. According to the Swedish Curriculum all students should be offered an equivalent education, based on participation and community within the public school system. Although students with a disability have the same right to receive a satisfactory education it is not yet clear how this will be achieved with students with a hearing impairment. The authors, through semi-structured interview, ask three teachers and two pupils about how they perceive their situation when teaching, respectively learning English. The qualitative study shows the difficulties in the integration process of the hearing impaired students, in particular the obstacles these students face when socializing with their peers and the shortage of sufficient assistive devices, as well as pedagogical and didactic support.

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Orientador: Sadao Omote / Banca: Maria Amélia Almeida / Banca: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim Rodrigues / Banca: Rita de Cássia Tibério Araújo / Banca: Dagoberto Buim Arena / Resumo: A partir da década de 90, vários documentos internacionais, leis e diretrizes nacionais, assim como orientações estaduais passaram a versar sobre a educação inclusiva nas instituições educacionais. Diante desta realidade, esta pesquisa teve como propósitos analisar as atitudes sociais dos professores de escolas comuns, juntamente com suas habilidades sociais frente à inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais e verificar, se as diretrizes sobre a inclusão presentes nos documentos oficiais estavam em funcionamento nas escolas pesquisadas. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa oito dirigentes de escolas nas quais as professoras, no total de 55, atuavam no ensino fundamental (séries iniciais) de dois municípios mineiros. Destas escolas, cinco atendiam ao ensino fundamental e médio e, três ao ensino fundamental completo, sendo seis escolas de um município e as outras duas de outro. Das escolas selecionadas, três tinham projeto de inclusão formalizado, sendo uma estadual e uma municipal da mesma cidade e a outra, estadual, de outro município. Os professores responderam a duas escalas, a ELASI - Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS). Os dirigentes responderam um questionário, denominado Perfil Escolar para Inclusão, construído para esta pesquisa. Foram estatisticamente significantes os resultados da ELASI e do IHS nas categorias: especialização; experiência com alunos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais; escolas municipais. Os resultados da relação de dependência entre a ELASI e o IHS foram significantes nos índices: total e operacional da ELASI com o fator de auto-exposição a desconhecidos e situações novas do IHS e operacional da ELASI com total do IHS. Na análise das escolas, quanto ao Perfil Escolar para Inclusão, destacou-se na comparação das escolas com projeto inclusivo, a escola municipal. / Abstract: From early nineties, many international documents, laws and national guidelines as well as state guidance focused the inclusive education on schools, universities and so, regarding to the inclusion of people who have special educational needs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acts toward inclusion and the teachers' social abilities and, also, to evaluate the schools based on official indicatives for teaching students with special needs in regular schools, and to verify whether these inclusion guidance presented on official documents were working on the researched schools. Principals (8) from schools where teachers (55) teach elementary school (initial grades) from two municipalities in Minas Gerais, have taken part of this research. From these schools, five offered elementary and high school levels and three offered complete elementary school. Among the selected schools three had official and formalized project of inclusion, being one of then a state school and a metro one, in the same municipality, and the other one, from another city, a state school. The teachers answered to two scales, the Likert Scale for Social Attitudes (ELASI) and, a Social Skills Inventory (IHS). The principals answered a questionnaire called Scholar Profile, built up for this research. The results were significant on the ELASI scale for the following categories: specialization course, experience with students who have special educational needs, metro schools. The results of dependence relation between the ELASI and the IHS were significant for the indexes total and operational of ELASI with the self-exposure to unknowns and new situations of the IHS, and operational of ELASI with total of IHS. The schools analysis regarding to the Inclusive Scholar Profile highlighted in the comparison of schools with inclusive project, the municipal school one. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_eg_dr_mar.pdf: 624830 bytes, checksum: fa94d4b176fb785548fd7a81bfee2f4a (MD5) / A partir da década de 90, vários documentos internacionais, leis e diretrizes nacionais, assim como orientações estaduais passaram a versar sobre a educação inclusiva nas instituições educacionais. Diante desta realidade, esta pesquisa teve como propósitos analisar as atitudes sociais dos professores de escolas comuns, juntamente com suas habilidades sociais frente à inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais e verificar, se as diretrizes sobre a inclusão presentes nos documentos oficiais estavam em funcionamento nas escolas pesquisadas. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa oito dirigentes de escolas nas quais as professoras, no total de 55, atuavam no ensino fundamental (séries iniciais) de dois municípios mineiros. Destas escolas, cinco atendiam ao ensino fundamental e médio e, três ao ensino fundamental completo, sendo seis escolas de um município e as outras duas de outro. Das escolas selecionadas, três tinham projeto de inclusão formalizado, sendo uma estadual e uma municipal da mesma cidade e a outra, estadual, de outro município. Os professores responderam a duas escalas, a ELASI – Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão e o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS). Os dirigentes responderam um questionário, denominado Perfil Escolar para Inclusão, construído para esta pesquisa. Foram estatisticamente significantes os resultados da ELASI e do IHS nas categorias: especialização; experiência com alunos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais; escolas municipais. Os resultados da relação de dependência entre a ELASI e o IHS foram significantes nos índices: total e operacional da ELASI com o fator de auto-exposição a desconhecidos e situações novas do IHS e operacional da ELASI com total do IHS. Na análise das escolas, quanto ao Perfil Escolar para Inclusão, destacou-se na comparação das escolas com projeto inclusivo, a escola municipal. / From early nineties, many international documents, laws and national guidelines as well as state guidance focused the inclusive education on schools, universities and so, regarding to the inclusion of people who have special educational needs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acts toward inclusion and the teachers’ social abilities and, also, to evaluate the schools based on official indicatives for teaching students with special needs in regular schools, and to verify whether these inclusion guidance presented on official documents were working on the researched schools. Principals (8) from schools where teachers (55) teach elementary school (initial grades) from two municipalities in Minas Gerais, have taken part of this research. From these schools, five offered elementary and high school levels and three offered complete elementary school. Among the selected schools three had official and formalized project of inclusion, being one of then a state school and a metro one, in the same municipality, and the other one, from another city, a state school. The teachers answered to two scales, the Likert Scale for Social Attitudes (ELASI) and, a Social Skills Inventory (IHS). The principals answered a questionnaire called Scholar Profile, built up for this research. The results were significant on the ELASI scale for the following categories: specialization course, experience with students who have special educational needs, metro schools. The results of dependence relation between the ELASI and the IHS were significant for the indexes total and operational of ELASI with the self-exposure to unknowns and new situations of the IHS, and operational of ELASI with total of IHS. The schools analysis regarding to the Inclusive Scholar Profile highlighted in the comparison of schools with inclusive project, the municipal school one.

Syftet med studien är att ge en inblick i hur engelsklärare för årskurs 4–6 anpassar undervisningen utifrån elevernas nivåskillnader. I den här kvalitativa intervjustudie har nio engelsklärare i årskurs 4-6 från Sverige beskrivit sina upplevelser kring hur de upplever nivåskillnader inom muntlig kommunikation i det engelska klassrummet samt hur de anpassar sin undervisning utifrån nivåskillnaderna. Intervjuerna har sedan transkriberats och analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys och därefter sammankopplats med tidigare forskning och teorier. Resultatet visar att nivåskillnaderna gör undervisningen utmanande men rolig för lärarna. Gällande anpassningar ansåg läroboken kunna nyttjas som grund men för att kunna utmana och inkludera alla elever behöver de använda sig av differentierade uppgifter. Orsaken till nivåskillnaderna ligger i hur elever interagerar med språket på deras fritid. De elever som ägnar sig åt internet, läser engelska på fritiden eller har föräldrar som är bekväma med att använda engelska är ofta på en högre nivå än de andra. / The purpose of the study is to provide an insight into how English teachers for grades 4–6 adapt the teaching based on the students' level differences. In this qualitative interview study, nine English teachers in grades 4-6 from Sweden have described their experiences of how they experience level differences in oral communication in the English classroom and how they adapt their teaching based on the level differences. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis and then linked to previous research and theories. The results show that the level differences make the teaching challenging but fun for the teachers. Current adaptations were considered by the textbook to be used as a basis, but in order to be able to challenge and include all students, they need to use differentiated tasks. The reason for the level differences lies in how students interact with the language in their free time. Students who engage with the Internet, read English in their spare time, or have parents who are comfortable using English are often at a higher level than the others.

The study aims to increase the knowledge of the extent to which primary school teachers use problem solving tasks to challenge and include mathematically gifted pupils. Furthermore, it aims to increase knowledge about the factors that influence teachers´ design around these tasks. The work is based on a quantitative survey among primary school teachers who teach mathematics. 104 teachers were included in the study group, where 96 percent had competence in teaching mathematics for compulsory school grades 1-3. The study clarifies what characterizes gifted pupils and how these features can be noticed in mathematics education. Furthermore, the teacher’s theoretical and didactic competence in mathematics is central to developing and shaping learning opportunities containing problem-solving tasks, which are well adapted to challenge and include gifted pupils. The study's overall theoretical approach is based on a cognitive theory and the result was analyzed with the help of the Mathematics Tasks Framework. The result shows that the majority of the lower-level teachers, who were part of the selection group, believe that problem solving tasks are advantageous to apply in order to include and challenge gifted pupils. However, teachers feel that they are facing obstacles in the work of giving gifted pupils the opportunity to learn, both in the planning phase and in the implementation phase. Teachers admit that they need to improve their competence in order to be able to challenge and include gifted pupils in mathematics education. / Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om i vilken utsträckning lågstadielärare använder problemlösningsuppgifter för att utmana och inkludera särskilt begåvade elever.  Vidare syftar den till att öka kunskapen om vilka faktorer som påverkar lärares utformning av problemlösningsuppgifter. Arbetet är baserat på en kvantitativ enkätundersökning som riktar sig till matematiklärare på lågstadiet. 104 lågstadielärare ingick i undersökningsgruppen, där 96 procent hade behörighet att undervisa i ämnet matematik för grundskolans årskurs 1–3. Studien belyser vad som karaktäriserar särskilt begåvade elever samt hur dessa drag kan uppmärksammas i matematikundervisningen. Studien tar utgångspunkt i att lärarens ämnesteoretiska och ämnesdidaktiska kompetens står i centrum när lärare utvecklar och formar lärtillfällen innehållande problemlösningsuppgifter, vilka är väl anpassade för att utmana och inkludera särskilt begåvade elever. Studiens övergripande teoretiska ansats utgår från en kognitivistisk teori och resultatet analyserades med hjälp av ramverket Mathematics Tasks Framework. Av resultatet framkommer att majoriteten av de lågstadielärare som ingick i urvalsgruppen anser att problemlösningsuppgifter är fördelaktiga att tillämpa för att inkludera och utmana särskilt begåvade elever. Lärarna upplever dock vissa hinder i arbetet med att ge särskilt begåvade elever möjligheten att lära, både i planeringsfasen och i genomförandefasen. Majoriteten av lärarna medger att de är i behov av kompetensutveckling för att ha förmågan att utmana och inkludera särskilt begåvade elever i matematikundervisningen.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskollärare utformar och anpassar sin undervisning och sina lärmiljöer så att barn med språksvårigheter inkluderas i gemensam undervisning. För att undersöka detta genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuförskollärare via en digital plattform. Ett e-mail skickades ut till ett flertalförskolechefer från olika kommuner som sedan hänvisade oss till intresserade förskollärare. Studien utgår ifrån den didaktiska teorin och förväntas att besvara de didaktiska frågorna: vad, hur och varför som även ligger till grund för analysarbetet av det insamlade materialet. Det insamlade data transkriberades samt analyserades ochutifrån analysen utformades fyra teman: förskollärarens förhållningssätt, anpassade barngrupper, samsyn i arbetslaget och pedagogiska hjälpmedel. Resultatet indikerar att förskollärarna inkluderar barn med språksvårigheter i sin undervisning genom att utforma lärmiljön med hjälp av pedagogiska hjälpmedel som exempelvis bildstöd, samt att dela in barnen i mindre och anpassade barngrupper. Fortsättningsvis påvisarresultatet att förskollärarna planerar sin undervisning utifrån barnens intressen. Att det finns en samsyn mellan kollegor är en betydelsefull faktor för att skapa inkluderande undervisning. För att uppnå ett inkluderande arbetssätt är det avgörande att tillgodose barns behov och förutsättningar i undervisningen. Utifrån resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att förskollärarna använder sig av olika strategier för att uppnå inkluderande undervisning för barn med språksvårigheter.

One way to understand teaching is to view it as a people process rather than a presentation of knowledge. It follows that the role of an educator often extends beyond the primary subject matter and into the realm of classroom management. With this in mind, our research aimed to capture the various teaching practices, participation patterns, and communication climates that occur in virtual computer science classrooms. We sought to answer the following research questions related to virtual computer science classrooms at our institution: Who participates in virtual computer science classrooms, and is participation proportional to student demographics? Is there any correlation between the use of teaching best practices and student participation? Is there any correlation between communication climate and student participation? To answer these questions, we designed and conducted a mixed-method content analysis study on 14 instructor-provided synchronous video lectures. We created a rubric composed of teaching best practices and supportive and defensive communication behaviors. The resulting design employed ethnographic content analysis (ECA) and quantitative content analysis (QCA) methodologies to produce contextually relevant knowledge. Correlational analysis was conducted using Kendall's tau-b correlational algorithm. Our findings suggest female participation was not proportional to student demographics, and no significant correlations between teaching practices and participation patterns were found. However, several significant correlations between communication climate and participation patterns were identified. Specifically, increased communication behaviors displaying equality were positively correlated with classroom dialogue count, unique female participants, female participation, and female first responses.

This dissertation examines a university faculty (n = 41) and diverse students (n = 93) including students with disability (n = 44), students without disability (n = 21), and international students (n = 28) regarding their attitudes toward and actions associated with inclusive instruction based on the universal design for learning (UDL) principles and practices. Two online surveys, the Inclusive Teaching Strategies Inventory (ITSI) and the Inclusive Teaching Strategies Inventory-Student (ITSI-S), were administered at a large, public Southwest university (N = 134). The ITSI and ITSI-S contain seven subscales representing the following constructs: (a) accommodations, (b) accessible course materials, (c) course modifications, (d) inclusive lecture strategies, (e) inclusive classroom, (f) inclusive assessment, and (g) disability laws and concepts. A series of multivariate analyses of variances (MANOVAs) measured the overall of attitude subscales and overall action subscales, and an independent-samples test (t-test) compared mean scores on the seven Attitude subscales and seven Action subscales to identify predictors of these attitudes and actions among faculty and students. The main findings were (a) significant differences among diverse students, where students with disability responded negatively on the Action subscales and (b) significant differences between faculty and diverse students where international students had a positive attitude on the Attitude subscales, whereas students with disability had a negative attitude on the Action subscales toward the actual practices of their faculty. Results of the current study respond to the gap in the literature by examining the inclusive instruction environment based on UDL in a university environment. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Focusing on personalized grammar tasks, this study dives into the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence into English as a Second Language education. By utilizing a mixed methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analyses the study explores how personalized learning can be improved by employing ChatGPT. Results from the study indicate that GAI-driven personalization significantly enhances student engagement and motivation. This offers a promising path for tailoring education to individual learner needs toward a more inclusive classroom. A central outcome of this study is the proposal of a new theoretical framework the Personalization-Motivation Integration Framework (PMIF). This framework clarifies the synergistic effects of integrating content and topic personalization to significantly boost student motivation and reach a more inclusive learning environment. This adds to the growing research about AI's potential in education as it indicates that these technologies can significantly enhance teaching and offer a more tailored and inclusive learning environment.