<p>Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur några pedagoger beskriver att de arbetar med de särbegåvade barnens individuella utvecklingsplaner och hur de med hjälp av dessa planer skapar en utvecklande och bra lärande miljö för dessa barn. Anledningen till att jag gör detta arbete är att det i min kommande yrkesroll krävs av mig att jag arbetar för att se och ta tillvara på alla elever, oavsett kunskapsnivå eller kunskapsdomän. Mitt uppdrag som pedagog innefattar även att jag, tillsammans med elev och vårdnadshavare, ska upprätta en IUP för eleven.</p><p>Jag har först ägnat mig åt litteraturstudier och sedan genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer av fem yrkesverksamma pedagoger i mellansverige. Mitt resultat sammanföll i stort sett med vad forskningen tidigare sa om pedagogernas förhållningssätt gentemot särbegåvade barn och upprättandet av IUP. Pedagogerna i undersökningen tycker det är bra och viktigt att arbeta med IUP i skolan. De är också väl medvetna om både möjligheter och risker som kan uppstå i upprättandet av IUP för särbegåvade barn.</p><p>Forskning visar på kunskapsbrist om särbegåvade barn, bland pedagoger. Detta avspeglas också i undersökningen. För att pedagogerna ska bli medvetna om särbegåvade barns behov och hur de kan ta vara på, och utveckla, dessa begåvningar med hjälp av IUP, behöver de få mer kunskap om dessa barn. Skolan måste även satsa mer på att utbilda pedagoger om intentionerna i gällande läroplan för att arbetet med IUP ska fungera tillfredsställande.</p> / <p>The aim of my survey is to examine how some teachers work with the gifted children’s educational plans and how they with help of this plans put together an education that favours the development of the gifted children. The reason I have chosen this topic is that my future profession requires me to see, and to take care of all pupils, irrespectively of their knowledgelevel or knowledge-area. My assignment as a teacher also includes, that I, together with the pupil, and his or her custodian, draw up an individual educational plan for the pupil.</p><p>I have firstly focused on literature studies and then conducted qualitative interviews with five teachers working in central Sweden. My results were very similar to previous research concerning teachers’ attitudes towards gifted children, and the drawing-up of individual educational plans. The teachers in the survey have seen the importance of working with individual educational plans in school, and they are well aware of the possibilities as well as the risks that can occur in the drawing-up of individual educational plans for gifted children.</p><p>Research shows a knowledge-shortage, among teachers, concerning gifted children. This is also reflected in the survey. If teachers are to become aware of the gifted children's needs and how to take care of, and develop, these talents by using individual educational plans, they need continuing education about these children. The school must also invest more on continuing education for teachers, about the intentions in current curriculum, if the work with individual educational plans is to be satisfactory.</p>

Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur några pedagoger beskriver att de arbetar med de särbegåvade barnens individuella utvecklingsplaner och hur de med hjälp av dessa planer skapar en utvecklande och bra lärande miljö för dessa barn. Anledningen till att jag gör detta arbete är att det i min kommande yrkesroll krävs av mig att jag arbetar för att se och ta tillvara på alla elever, oavsett kunskapsnivå eller kunskapsdomän. Mitt uppdrag som pedagog innefattar även att jag, tillsammans med elev och vårdnadshavare, ska upprätta en IUP för eleven. Jag har först ägnat mig åt litteraturstudier och sedan genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer av fem yrkesverksamma pedagoger i mellansverige. Mitt resultat sammanföll i stort sett med vad forskningen tidigare sa om pedagogernas förhållningssätt gentemot särbegåvade barn och upprättandet av IUP. Pedagogerna i undersökningen tycker det är bra och viktigt att arbeta med IUP i skolan. De är också väl medvetna om både möjligheter och risker som kan uppstå i upprättandet av IUP för särbegåvade barn. Forskning visar på kunskapsbrist om särbegåvade barn, bland pedagoger. Detta avspeglas också i undersökningen. För att pedagogerna ska bli medvetna om särbegåvade barns behov och hur de kan ta vara på, och utveckla, dessa begåvningar med hjälp av IUP, behöver de få mer kunskap om dessa barn. Skolan måste även satsa mer på att utbilda pedagoger om intentionerna i gällande läroplan för att arbetet med IUP ska fungera tillfredsställande. / The aim of my survey is to examine how some teachers work with the gifted children’s educational plans and how they with help of this plans put together an education that favours the development of the gifted children. The reason I have chosen this topic is that my future profession requires me to see, and to take care of all pupils, irrespectively of their knowledgelevel or knowledge-area. My assignment as a teacher also includes, that I, together with the pupil, and his or her custodian, draw up an individual educational plan for the pupil. I have firstly focused on literature studies and then conducted qualitative interviews with five teachers working in central Sweden. My results were very similar to previous research concerning teachers’ attitudes towards gifted children, and the drawing-up of individual educational plans. The teachers in the survey have seen the importance of working with individual educational plans in school, and they are well aware of the possibilities as well as the risks that can occur in the drawing-up of individual educational plans for gifted children. Research shows a knowledge-shortage, among teachers, concerning gifted children. This is also reflected in the survey. If teachers are to become aware of the gifted children's needs and how to take care of, and develop, these talents by using individual educational plans, they need continuing education about these children. The school must also invest more on continuing education for teachers, about the intentions in current curriculum, if the work with individual educational plans is to be satisfactory.

Detta är en kvalitativ studie med syfte att analysera hur pedagoger samtalar med vårdnadshavare och elev kring utvärdering av åtgärdsprogram under uppföljningssamtal. För att tydliggöra den här studiens syfte har följande frågeställningar använts: Vad är innehållet i ett uppföljningssamtal? Hur samtalar deltagarna kring åtgärder och extra anpassningar? Hur ser elevens delaktighet i den muntliga kommunikationen ut? Metoden som används i studien är inspelade utvärderingssamtal med pedagoger, vårdnadshavare och elever i årskurs 7 och 9. Studien består av tre inspelade uppföljningssamtal kring åtgärdsprogram. Samtalen analyseras utifrån helhetsanalys, delanalys och samtalsanalys som metod. Som en teoretisk utgångspunkt har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med inriktning på interaktion används. Resultatet av studien visar att samtalet har fokus på åtgärder och extra anpassningar som finns dokumenterade kring eleven. Specialpedagogen leder samtalet framåt och är den som håller samman deltagarna. I studien framgår att elevens möjlighet till delaktighet är stor. Dock innebär inte denna delaktighet att hänsyn tas till elevens tankar och åsikter i utvärderingen av åtgärder och extra anpassningar. I analysen framkommer även att i samtalet finns inget som visar på att åtgärderna och extra anpassningarna utvärderas utifrån hur väl de har fungerat för eleven. Under samtalet diskuteras de behov eleven har och vilken typ av stöd, åtgärder och extra anpassningar som finns, till viss del diskuteras hur de fungerar. Men inget tas bort eller läggs till i åtgärder eller extra anpassningar, trots att det är tydligt att en del av anpassningarna och åtgärderna inte alls är funktionella. / This is a qualitative study aimed at analyzing how educators talk with parents and pupils when evaluating Individual Educational Plans (IEP) during follow-up discussions. To clarify the purpose of this study, the following questions have been used: What is the content of an IEP follow-up meeting? How do the participants talk about accommodations and interventions? What does the pupil’s participation in the oral communication look like? The method used in the study is recorded evaluation discussions with educators, parents and pupils in grades 7 and 9. The study consists of three recorded IEP follow-up meetings. The conversation is analyzed based on overall analysis, part analysis and conversation analysis as a method. As a theoretical point of view, a socio-cultural perspective with a focus on interaction is used. The result of the study shows that the conversation focuses on accommodations and interventions that are documented in the IEP. The special pedagogue leads the conversation forward and is the one that brings the participants together. The study shows that the pupils have a major opportunity for participation. However, this participation does not mean that the pupils ́ thoughts and opinions are taken into account in the evaluation of accommodations and interventions. The analysis also shows that there is nothing in the conversation that shows that the accommodations and interventions are evaluated according to how well they have worked for the pupil. During the conversation, the needs of the pupil are discussed and also what types of support, accommodations and interventions there are in the IEP, although they are only partially evaluated. No changes are made to the IEPs, even though it is clear that some of the accommodations and interventions are not functional at all.

Studiens övergripande syfte är att kartlägga lärares syn på bedömningskompetens. En långsiktig intention är även att synliggöra lärares kompetensutvecklingsbehov inom bedömningsområdet. Processen vägleddes av en frågeställning gällande de kunskapsbehov som synliggörs i lärares diskussioner. Forskning har visat att elever lär sig det som de blir bedömda på vilket kan innebära att bedömningen snarare än styrdokument bestämmer vad och hur elever lär. Detta betyder att kunskap om bedömningsprocesser är viktigt och studien relaterar klassrumsbedömning till forskning samt politiskt genomförda reformer. Studien ämnar fylla det hål som Vetenskapsrådets kartläggning om svensk forskning om bedömning efterlyser; projekt i skärningspunkten mellan forskning, politik och praktik. Ansatsen är baserad på aktionsforskning som ett medel att frigöra kunskap inifrån. Studien utgick därför från ett skolutvecklingsprojekt med lärarnas autentiska frågor och deras vardagsarbete i centrum. Data som analyserades synliggjorde ett behov för lärarna av att reflektera över kunskapssyn samt olika bedömningsmetoder för att våga ge sig ut på den tunna is de beskrev som lärande. Med reflektionsprotokoll, fokusgruppsintervjuer och individuella intervjuer som grund visade resultet att lärarna ansåg sig behöva kunna: tolka och konkretisera, visa progression samt involvera eleverna. Vidare diskuteras resultatet i relation till tre olika spänningsfält som lärarna tvingades hantera för att betraktas som bedömningskompetenta. / The overall aim is to identify teachers' views of assessment skills. A long-term intention is also to draw attention to teachers' professional development needs within the assessment area. The process was guided by a question regarding the need for knowledge, which is made visible in the teachers' discussions. Research has shown that students learn what they are assessed on which may mean that the assessment rather than policy documents determines what and how students learn. This means that knowledge of assessment processes is important and the study relates classroom assessment to research and political reforms. The study intends to fill the gap the research council´s survey about Swedish research on assessment defines as; projects at the intersection between research, policy and practice. The approach is based on action research as a mean to free knowledge from within. The study therefore relates to a school development project where the teachers' authentic questions and everyday work was in focus. Data were analyzed and made visible a need for teachers to reflect on epistemological beliefs and different assessment methods in order to dare to venture out on the thin ice they described as learning. With reflection protocols, focus group interviews and individual interviews as a basis the results showed that teachers felt the need to be able to: interpret and concretize, show progression and involve students. The result is also discussed in relation to three tensions the teachers needed to manage in order to be considered as assessment literate.

Syftet med studien är att ur ett diskursteoretiskt perspektiv beskriva rådande diskurs och inom diskursen tillgängliga subjektspositioner, då sju gymnasieelever beskriver sina åtgärdsprogram på högskoleförberedande program. Resultatet visar att det råder samstämmighet bland eleverna kring att de har fått åtgärdsprogram upprättade eftersom de ligger efter i skolarbetet och att de ligger på betyget F i en eller flera kurser. Resultatet visar vidare att det inte råder samstämmighet bland eleverna kring hur det kommer sig att de ligger efter och riskerar F, och att det heller inte råder samstämmighet kring hur åtgärdsprogrammet har bidragit till förbättrade resultat. Resultatet visar att det i elevernas beskrivningar också framkommer att de har ett flertal subjektspositioner tillgängliga inom diskursen. Av dessa tillgängliga subjektspositioner intar samtliga elever i studien subjektspositionen elev som riskerar att få F. Likaså visar resultatet att samtliga elever intar en subjektsposition som innebär att han eller hon inte är ovanlig. / The aim of this study is to describe, from a discourse theoretical perspective, the prevailing discourse and the subject positions available within this discourse among sevens pupils attending higher education preparatory programmes at Upper Secondary Schools in Sweden. The discourse emerges in qualitative interviews where the pupils talk about their experiences of individual educational plans. The result shows that concordance prevails among the pupils about the fact that their individual educational plans have been drawn up because they have fallen behind in their school work, and because they run the risk of having grade F. Furthermore, the result shows that concordance does not prevail among the pupils when it comes to why they have fallen behind in their school work or how the individual educational plan has helped to improve the results. The result shows that in the pupils’ descriptions several subject positions appear as accessible within the discourse. All pupils accept the subject position of a pupil running the risk of getting an F, likewise they all accept a subject position that signifies that he or she is not an unusual or special pupil.

My diploma thesis is focused on educational and pedagogical process of students with Rett Syndrome. In its theoretic part, I describe Rett Syndrome as a clinical picture and a diagnostics and a therapy. The practical part of the thesis focuses on three main aims: to determine a certain number of students with Rett Syndrome in the Czech Republic, further to discover these students{\crq} educational and pedagogical process, and finally, to demonstrate a concrete form of this process on two casuistries. All of aims were realized. What follows from my survey is that the students are mostly educated according to the educational Rehabilitation program used for remedial schools; this means that no specific educational and pedagogical program for the children with Rett Syndrome has been created so far. According to my observation, the girls are schooled in autistic classes or in classes of children with combined handicaps, also in special elementary schools and preschool institutions.

Elever är experter över sin egen skolsituation (Skolverket, 2014) och har en lagstadgad rätt att uttrycka sina åsikter om sin egen skolgång (Unicef, 2018). Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om gymnasieelevers delaktighet i pedagogiska utredningar och upprättande av åtgärdsprogram genom att synliggöra elevens egna perspektiv. I denna kontext definieras delaktighet som en informell samspelsprocess där eleven upplever möjlighet att påverka sitt handlade och inflytande i aktiviteter och beslutsprocesser. Det empiriska materialet grundar sig på sju kvalitativa intervjuer som bearbetades utifrån ett fenomenologiskt och holistiskt perspektiv. Resultatet analyserades genom en tematisk analys och därefter genom Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori.  Ur resultatet framträder en komplex sammanflätning av en rad olika förhållanden som på olika sätt påverkar elevens upplevda delaktighet. En slutsats är att elever påverkas av sin omgivning, både direkt av sin närmiljö och indirekt av de olika faktorer som påverkar elevens skolgång och livssituation. Ytterligare en slutsats är att eleverna upplever att delaktigheten i utredningar och processen runt de åtgärder som fattas gällande elevens skolgång är viktig och är direkt kopplad till relationen med lärare, specialpedagoger och kommunikation däremellan. Specialpedagogens roll framträder som särskilt viktig för elevens syn på delaktighet, vilket styrker studiens relevans inom det specialpedagogiska området. / Students are experts of understanding their own education (Skolverket, 2014) and are legally entitled to express their opinions concerning their own education (Unicef, 2018). The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about student participation for upper secondary school students in relation to pedagogical investigations and individual educational plans by making the students’ own perspective visible. In the context of this study, participation is defined as an informal process of interaction where the students experience opportunities to influence their education by taking part in decision making and participation in educational activities.  The empirical material is based on seven qualitative interviews that were processed using a phenomenological and holistic perspective. The results were initially analyzed through a thematic analysis and then through Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The result shows a complex intertwining of a number of different factors that affected the students’ perceived participation in different ways. The conclusion shows that students are affected by their surroundings, both directly by their immediate environment and indirectly by various factors that affect the students’ education and environment. An additional conclusion is that the students experience participation as an important part of pedagogical investigations and the processes surrounding the measures taken regarding the students’ education. This is directly linked to their relationship to teachers, special educators and their shared communication. The role of the special educator appears to be particularly important for the students’ view of participation, which strengthens the relevance of this study in the field of special education.

Title: Possibilities of education of students with physical and combined disabilities author: Bc. Kamila Chroboková leading: Doc. PaedDr. Vanda Hájková, Ph.D. Abstract This paper attends to the issues concerning children with physical and combined disabilities, and the possibilities for their education. It briefly summarizes the issues of physical and combined disabilities, and explains the difficulties that these children might experience during the course of their education and that should be anticipated during the education process. The second part of this paper enlightens the forms of primary education available for these children. Furthermore, it describes the general and academic educational programmes that primary schools follow today. Within the framework of special education, the institution Jedlička Institute in Prague (JÚŠ) is briefly introduced. In conclusion, this paper presents research conducted on and mapping the progress of students of JÚŠ special primary school and records from the documentation of these children. Keywords physical disability, combined disabilities, educational mainstream, special education, general educational programme, individual educational plan, Jedlička Institute and schools

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6402.pdf: 3236704 bytes, checksum: 7942cc4ad3c6b5a6ffc4167af3ab661f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / In several countries that adopt education inclusion policy, there is a device, usually provided by the legislation, called Individual Educational Plan (IEP). Its purpose is to monitor the course of the students with disabilities throughout their schooling process. In the Brazilian federal legislation, there is no policy device to ensure that these students have an IEP based on their needs. The present study raised the question of how to qualify teachers for this task. The aim was to develop, to implement and to evaluate a continuing training program for special education teachers, focusing on IEP for disability students, in a public school system. The study was conducted with 34 Special Education teachers in 2012 based on collaborative action-research and involved five steps: 1) conduction of ethical procedures; 2) diagnosis of the initial stage of assessment procedures and educational plan of the selected municipality; 3) development of the training program; 4) implementation; and 5) evaluation of the program s social validity. Interviews were conducted and 200 planning documents were analyzed, named as individual development plan (IDP), existing before the program. The interviews aimed to describe how educators planned to target public education Special Education before program. There were realized observation and recording in field s diaries, based on theoretical content and application to real cases of students, besides filming to record plan making during the course. Recourse was had collective interview and closed questionnaire to evaluate the program with the participants. The data analysis, based on content analysis was carried out to present as results: a) a description of assessment process and educational planning for target students of Special Education (TSSE) before the program; b) a description of the assessment process and collaborative planning performed during the program, with the presentation of 12 case studied; and c) analysis of appreciation measures by the participants about the training program. Results indicated that, existing IDP before the program referred only to special instruction in multifunctional resources class (MRC), with few indications for teaching in regular class,. Planning was often incomplete and/or repetitive. The participants studied various models based on the literature of the area, and built collaboratively 12 IEP documents for their students with disability. At the end, they indicated that they appreciated the training program. The results indicated that the quality of IEP affected by lack of articulation and collaboration across professionals of Education, Special Education and Health. This kind of initiative is generally dependent on the will of professionals since there is no requirement to have this practice. The lack of training and working conditions enabling multidisciplinary meetings with were factors that difficulted the implementation of the IEP. In regard to the program, this type of training requires more time for participants to review and improve its practices. The implementation of the IEP development of practice is complex, as it requires the involvement of all the people involved in the situation to think how to systematically plan the short, medium and long term throughout the school career of each TSSE. Future studies could be to increase the knowledge about how the IEP can be implemented, the impact of the adoption of this practice in the schooling process of TSSE. Legal dispositions to ensure the IEP should be adopted in our country, to improve and monitor the quality of TSSE education, both in inclusive settings as in those specialized. / Em vários países que adotam políticas de inclusão escolar, existe um dispositivo, geralmente assegurado pela legislação, denominado Planejamento Educacional Individualizado (PEI). Sua finalidade é garantir o acompanhamento do percurso dos estudantes em situação de deficiência ao longo do seu processo de escolarização. No Brasil, ainda não há dispositivo na legislação federal que garanta que esses estudantes tenham um PEI com base em suas necessidades. O presente estudo partiu do problema de como qualificar educadores para essa tarefa. O objetivo consistiu em desenvolver, implementar e avaliar um programa de formação continuada para educadores de Educação Especial, com foco no PEI para estudantes em situação de deficiência, em uma rede municipal de ensino. O estudo foi realizado com 34 educadores de Educação Especial em 2012 e baseou-se na metodologia da pesquisa-ação colaborativa, envolvendo cinco etapas: 1) condução dos procedimentos éticos; 2) diagnóstico da situação inicial dos procedimentos de avaliação e planejamento educacional dos educadores do município selecionado; 3) desenvolvimento do programa de formação; 4) implementação; e 5) avaliação. Foram feitas entrevistas e analisados os conteúdos de 200 documentos dos denominados plano de desenvolvimento individual (PDI) que os educadores faziam antes do programa. As entrevistas visavam caracterizar como os educadores planejavam a educação do público alvo da Educação Especial antes do programa. Foram feitas observações e registro em diários de campo, a partir de conteúdo teórico e aplicação em casos reais de alunos, além de filmagens para registrar os planejamentos feitos durante o curso. Recorreu-se a entrevista coletiva e questionário fechado para avaliar o programa com os participantes. A análise dos dados, pautada na análise de conteúdo, foi realizada de forma apresentar como resultados: a) uma descrição do processo de avaliação e planejamento educacional feito para alunos públicos-alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE) antes do programa; b) uma descrição do processo de avaliação e planejamento colaborativo feito durante o programa, com a apresentação de 12 casos estudados; e c) a análise das medidas de apreciação pelos participantes acerca do programa de formação. Os resultados indicaram que os PDI existentes antes do programa referiam-se apenas ao ensino especial na sala de recursos multifuncional, com poucas indicações para o ensino na classe comum. Os planejamentos eram muitas vezes incompletos e/ou repetitivos. Os participantes estudaram vários modelos pautados na literatura da área, e construíram, colaborativamente, 12 documentos de PEI para seus alunos com deficiência. Ao final, indicaram ter apreciado o programa de formação. Os resultados indicaram que a qualidade do PEI é afetada pela falta de articulação e colaboração entre profissionais da Educação, Educação Especial e Saúde. Esse tipo de iniciativa, em geral, depende da vontade de profissionais uma vez que não há exigência para se ter essa prática. A falta de formação e a falta de condições de trabalho que permitam reuniões multiprofissionais juntamente com as famílias foram fatores que dificultavam a implementação do PEI. Em relação ao programa, esse tipo de formação requer mais tempo para que os participantes possam rever e melhorar suas práticas. A implementação da prática de elaboração do PEI é complexa, pois requer o envolvimento de todas as pessoas envolvidas na situação para pensar como planejar sistematicamente a curto, médio e longo prazo todo o percurso escolar de cada aluno do PAEE. Futuros estudos poderão ser conduzidos para de ampliar o conhecimento sobre como o PEI pode ser implementado, qual o impacto da adoção desse tipo de prática no processo de escolarização de estudantes do PAEE. Dispositivos legais que garantam o PEI devem ser adotados em nosso país, para melhorar e monitorar a qualidade da educação dos estudantes do PAEE, tanto em contextos inclusivos quanto naqueles especializados.

The purpose of this theses is to determine a rate of real fulfillment of educational goals in the art education. As a research method there will be used a case study of four pupils in the secondary school with an individual educational plan. The study will focus on real application of the educational content of the art educaion for these children. The author will find out to what extent and if it is even possible to achieve educational goals for children with individual education plan in real art education classes at a standard elementary school. Using several art activities, she will diagnose the achieved level of individual educational objectives in the art education. For a better idea, there will be also offered a comparison of the secondary school children without individual education plan, selected by random selection, with children from an art secondary school, who will be selected by random selection as well, and who are expected to be more talented and passionate about art activities.