En omfattande digitalisering har under den senaste tiden pågått i samhället där många företag väljer att till viss del eller helt flytta sin verksamhet till internet. För vissa branscher har det varit mer optimalt att skifta försäljningskanal, medan andra har stött på hinder. Livsmedelsbranschen är den bransch som dominerar totalmarknaden men den halkar efter i digitaliseringen. Denna studie har som syfte att ta reda på vilka faktorer som påverkar konsumenter att handla livsmedel på nätet. För att tillgodose studiens syfte användes en enkätstudie. Detta skapade möjlighet att få en djupare förståelse för konsumenternas beteenden. Enkätstudien bidrog också till att få en så bred bild om ämnet som möjligt inom den givna tidsramen för uppsatsskrivandet. Det empiriska materialet användes sedan som diskussionsunderlag till att jämföra med vad tidigare forskning har kunnat dra för slutsatser kring ämnet. Slutsatsen av studien är att det fortfarande är många konsumenter som inte handlar livsmedel på nätet. Respondenterna i denna studie ansåg att den främsta faktorn som påverkar att de hellre köper livsmedel i fysisk butik är att de vill kunna se och känna på varorna först. Priset på varor och fraktkostnad är även de faktorer som hade stor påverkan på varför konsumenter väljer bort att handla livsmedel på nätet. De faktorer som visade sig ha störst påverkan på hur ofta respondenterna handlade livsmedel på nätet var ålder, hushållsstorlek, varupris, fraktkostnad, krånglig retur/reklamation av varor samt trygga betalningsalternativ. / In recent times, an extensive digitalization has taken place in society where many companies choose to move their business to the Internet to some extent or completely. For some industries, it has been more optimal to change sales channels, while others have encountered obstacles. The food industry is the industry that dominates the total market, but it has fallen behind in the digitalization. The purpose of this study is to find out which factors that influence consumers to buy groceries online. In order to meet the purpose of the study, a survey study was used. This created the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour. The survey also helped to get as broad a picture of the topic as possible within the given time frame for the writing of the essay. The empirical material was then used as a discussion basis to compare with what previous research has concluded about the topic. The conclusion of the study is that there are still a lot of consumers who do not buy groceries online. The respondents in this study considered that the main factor that influences the fact that they prefer to buy groceries in a physical store is that they want to be able to see and feel the products first. The price of the products and shipping costs are also factors that had a major impact on consumers opinions. The factors that were found to have the greatest impact on how often the respondents buy groceries online were age, size of household, product price, shipping cost, difficult return/reclaim of products and secure payment options.

Background: Hemodialysis patients (HDP) often suffer from kidney failure with comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety and stress. Physical activity (PA) has a positive influence on these comorbidities. Objective: The purpose was to determine the current level of PA and identify potential correlates influencing PA in HDP to deduce prevention approaches. Material and methods: Data were collected in 13 dialysis centers in Bavaria. A standardized questionnaire was used to analyze PA (EHIS-PAQ) and influencing factors in 240 HDP. Gender differences were calculated using the t‑test and the Mann-Whitney U‑test (significance level p < 0.05). For correlation analyses with PA, Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The results showed that HDP were on average moderately active for 76.31 min per week (standard deviation, SD 124.02 min). Male HDP were less active and showed significantly more depressive symptoms than female HDP (p < 0.05). The HDP who were more active assessed their subjective health condition on a higher level than HDP who were not active. Depression, stress, and age showed a negative association and sport-specific self-efficacy a positive association with PA (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that sport-specific self-efficacy increased the chance of becoming physically active while depression reduced the chance of achieving 150 min PA. Conclusion: The majority of HDP were barely active. The results reveal the necessity to further promote PA in patients with chronic renal failure. Physicians should be aware of patients’ self-efficacy as well as depressive symptoms and develop concepts that strengthen the self-efficacy and promote the positive effects of PA on health.

Det råder idag bostadsbrist i Sverige men trots detta så är antalet nybyggnationer avbostadslägenheter fortfarande mycket lägre än vad som krävs för att behandla bostadsbristen. Närfastighetsmarknaden befinner sig i en uppgångsfas så ökar bostadsproduktionen av hyresrätter ochinvesteringar på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. Idag står vi inför en nedgång påfastighetsmarknaden vilket gör att färre investeringar i produktion av bostäder görs trots attefterfrågan samt bostadsbehovet består. Det ligger en osäkerhet i dels vilja och dels förmåga attproducera fler hyresrätter idag. Frågan är vilka faktorer som påverkar fastighetsbolagensinvesteringsbeslut gällande nyproduktion av hyresrätter idag? Detta är en kvalitativ studie som grundas av en empirisk insamling och byggs upp av dels enlitteraturstudie och dels en kvalitativ intervjustudie med en avsikt av att kunna ge stöd för varandra.Insamlingsdatan av litteraturstudien är grundad på tidigare forskning och rapporter som berörämnet. Insamlingsdatan av intervjustudien grundas på 7 intervjuer med aktörer som representerarprivata fastighetsbolag och besitter mycket kunskap om dagens marknad och investeringsbeslut. Resultatet av denna studie visar att den största faktorn som påverkar fastighetsbolagensinvesteringsbeslut gällande nyproduktion är att projektet behöver vara lönsamt och genereraavkastning. Konjunkturen är också en faktor på så sätt att det är svårt att tajma projekt eftersom detär svårt att förutse vad som kommer hända på marknaden i framtiden. Samtliga respondenter anseratt Sveriges bostadsbrist inte är en faktor som påverkar bolagens investeringsbeslut utan att detsnarare är fastighetens geografiska läge som påverkar. Sveriges regelverk och lagar tas också uppsom faktorer där Svea hovrätts nya dom om presumtionshyra påverkar många fastighetsbolagsinvesteringar av hyresrätter. Den stigande räntan, inflationen, avkastningskraven ochproduktionskostnaden är också faktorer som har lett till att fastighetsbolagen är mer defensiva iinvesteringar idag. Det förekommer också vissa skiljaktiga åsikter angående vilken investering som ärmest lönsam: hyresrätter eller bostadsrätter. Detta påverkar också många fastighetsbolag i vilkenupplåtelseform de väljer att investera i. Slutsatsen är att faktorerna som påverkar fastighetsbolagens investeringsbeslut i nyproduktion tillstor del är påverkade av konjunkturläget i samhället. I nuläget kostar det helt enkelt för mycket förfastighetsbolagen att starta nyproduktion. Det går inte att anta ett projekt som genererar en lönsaminvestering, vilket är det viktigaste för alla fastighetsbolag vid ett investeringsbeslut. Ett förslag påvidare forskning är att utvidga arbetet och intervjua ytterligare fastighetsbolag vilket skulle leda tillökad validitet i studien. Det hade varit intressant att göra en likartad studie men att också få in deallmännyttiga fastighetsbolagens perspektiv. Ett ytterligare förslag på vidare forskning är attundersöka forskningsfrågan i andra områden i Sverige eller utifrån ett internationellt perspektiv sområder av andra marknader och förutsättningar. / Today, there is a housing shortage in Sweden, but despite this, the number of new constructions ofresidential apartments is still much lower than what is required to address the housing shortage.When the real estate market is in an upswing, the production of rental properties and investments inthe Swedish real estate market increases. Today we are facing a downturn in the real estate market,which means that fewer investments in the production of housing are made, even though thedemand and the need for housing remain. There is an uncertainty in both the will and the ability toproduce more rental properties today. The question is which factors influence the real estatecompanies' investment decisions regarding new production of rental properties today? This is a qualitative study that is based on an empirical collection and is built up partly by a literaturestudy and partly by a qualitative interview-study with the intention of being able to provide support for each other. The collection data of the literature-study is based on previous research and reports concerning the subject. The interview-study is based on seven interviews with people who representprivate real estate companies and possess a lot of knowledge about today's market and investmentdecisions. The results of this study indicate that the biggest factor that influences real estate companiesinvestment decisions regarding new production is that the project needs to be profitable andgenerate yield. The economy is also a factor in that it is difficult to account for happenings in themarket when planning a project. All respondents believe that Sweden's housing shortage is not afactor that affects companies investment decisions, but rather that it is the property's geographicallocation that affects it. Sweden's regulations and laws are also brought up as a factor. Svea Court ofAppeal's new ruling on presumptive rent has affected many property companies desire to invest inrental properties. The rising interest rate, inflation, yield requirements and production costs are alsofactors that have led to real estate companies being more defensive in investments today. There arealso some differing opinions regarding which investment is more profitable: rental properties orcondominiums. This also affects many property companies in which form of lease they choose toinvest in. The conclusion is that the factors that influence the real estate companies investment decisions innew production are largely influenced by the economic situation in society. Today, it costs too muchfor property companies to start new production. It is not possible to adopt a project that generates aprofitable investment, which is the most important thing for all real estate companies when makingan investment decision. A suggestion for further research is to expand the work and interviewadditional real estate companies, which would lead to increased validity in the study. It would havebeen interesting to do a similar study but to also get the perspective of the public propertycompanies. Another suggestion for further research is to investigate the research question in otherareas in Sweden or from an international perspective that is governed by other markets andconditions.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur socialarbetare inom socialtjänsten, Individ- och familjeomsorgen, IFO, arbetar med olika skyddsfaktorer hos barn i åldrarna 0 - 20 år som växer upp i en svår hemmiljö, exempelvis föräldrar med missbruksproblematik eller familjevåld. I studien användes en kvalitativ metod i form av individuella intervjuer med sju socialarbetare som idag arbetar som utredare med barn och unga inom socialtjänsten eller som nyligen har arbetat som det. Studien genomsyras av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna gräsrotsbyråkrat, handlingsutrymme samt barnperspektivet. Resultatet visade att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar arbetet med skyddsfaktorer, till exempel föräldrar och arbetsplatsen. Socialarbetarna arbetar med barnet, föräldrarna samt nätverket. Nätverket var en stor del av arbetet med skyddsfaktorer. I resultatet framkom det även att samverkan med andra aktörer är viktig i arbetet men att det inte alltid genomförs. Slutsatsen som kunde dras var att klienter kan ha förutfattade meningar om socialtjänsten vilket gör att de ställer sig negativa till insatser vilket skapar en problematik när det gäller arbetet med skyddsfaktorer. Arbetet med skyddsfaktorer är viktigt för att barn ska må bra. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how social workers within the social services, Individual and family care, IFC, works with various protective factors with children at the age of 0 - 20 that grow up in a difficult home environment, for example parents with substance abuse problems or family violence. The method that was used in the study was a qualitative method in the form of individual interviews with seven social workers that work as investigators of children at the social services or social workers that previously have worked as investigators. The study is permeated by the theoretical points of grassroots bureaucracy, room for maneuver and the child perspective. The result showed that there are various factors that affect the work with protective factors, for example the parents and the workplace. The social workers work with children, parents and the network. The network was a big part of the work with protective factors. Cooperation with other actors is important in the work according to the social workers, but this doesn't always happen. The conclusion that could be drawn was that clients have preconceptions about the social services, which leads to negative clients toward contribution which creates problems with the work with protective factors. The work with protective factors is important so that children feel good and therefore should the positive side of the social services show.

Bakgrund: Forskning idag visar på bristande egenvårdsförmåga vid fotsår orsakade av diabetesneuropati. Diabetesrelaterade fotsår ökar risken för infektioner och resulterar ofta i ökad sjukhusvård och dödlighet. Sjuksköterskor spelar en central roll i att säkerställa att patienter har förmåga att utföra god egenvård och på så sätt minska risken för utveckling av fotsår och dess komplikationer. Syfte: Syftet var att identifiera faktorer som påverkar patienters egenvård vid fotsår orsakade av diabetesneuropati. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats vilken baseras på tio artiklar med kvalitativ metod, två artiklar med kvantitativ metod och en med mixad metod. Artiklarnas resultat granskades och bearbetades till kategorierna: kunskapsbrist hos sjuksköterskor, kunskapsbrist hos patienter, psykiska, fysiska och sociala hinder för patienters egenvård, motivation och patientutbildning och kommunikation. Resultat: Resultatet i litteraturstudien identifierade faktorer som påverkade egenvården vid fotsår orsakade av diabetesneuropati. Bland dessa faktorer framkom en tydlig kunskapsbrist hos både sjuksköterskor och patienter när det gällde sårvård och diabetesrelaterade fotsår. Även vikten av motivation och god kommunikation mellan hälso- och sjukvården och patienter framkom. Konklusion: Genom att identifiera faktorer som påverkade patienters egenvårdsförmåga framkom det bland annat brister i patientutbildning. Praktisk vårdverksamhet behöver därför fokusera på att åtgärda utbildningsbrister för att främja god egenvård och hälsa. / Background: Research today shows a lack of self-care ability in foot ulcers caused by diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes-related foot ulcers increase the risk of infections and often lead to increased hospital care and mortality. Nurses, therefore, play a central role in ensuring that patients have ability to carry out proper self-care and reduce the risk of develop foot ulcers and their complications. Aim: The aim was to identify factors influencing patients' self-care in cases of foot ulcers caused by diabetic neuropathy. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review with an inductive approach and is based on ten articles using qualitative methods, two articles using quantitative methods, and one using mixed methods. The results of the articles were reviewed and categorized into: lack of knowledge among nurses, lack of knowledge among patients, psychological, physical and social barriers to patient self-care, motivation and patient education and communication. Results: The results of the literature review identified factors influencing self-care in cases of foot ulcers caused by diabetic neuropathy. Among these factors, a clear lack of knowledge was evident among both nurses and patients concerning wound care and diabetes-related foot ulcers. The importance of motivation and effective communication between healthcare and patients also emerged. Conclusion: By identifying factors affecting patients' self-care ability, deficiencies in patient education, among other things, were identified. Practical healthcare practice should, therefore, focus on addressing educational gaps to promote proper self-care and health.

Background: in order to have an established long-term relationship between customer and bank, a lot is  required, including trust, satisfaction and other things. This study will therefore aim to provide factors that can affect the relationship between bank and customer Purpose:​  This study aims to study factors that can affect the relationship between banks and customers. which should further increase understanding of how this can have an impact on customers. The study will focus on factors that can prevent and worsen the relationship Method:​ To address the purpose of this study, qualitative methods were applied, specifically focusing on interviews that were conducted in two individual groups. Conclusion: Growth in banking has had a significant impact on operations and risk management. Compliance with Nurturing relationships with customers is important to increase satisfaction and trust. Banks must adapt to the digital environment while preserving customer integrity. the factors examined in the study have a significant role in how the relationship may develop

Interactive software systems have both functional and user interface components. User interface design and development requires specialized usability engineering (UE) knowledge, training, and experience in topics such as psychology, cognition, specialized design guidelines, and task analysis. The design and development of a functional core requires specialized software engineering (SE) knowledge, training, and experience in topics such as algorithms, data structures, software architectures, calling structures, and database management. Given that the user interface and the functional core are two closely coupled components of an interactive software system, with each constraining the design of the other, there is a need for the SE and UE life cycles to be connected to support communication among roles between the two development life cycles. Additionally, there is a corresponding need for appropriate computer science curricula to train the SE and UE roles about the connections between the two processes. In this dissertation, we connected the SE and UE life cycles by creating the Ripple project development environment which fosters communication between the SE and UE roles and by creating a graduate-level cross-pollinated SE-UE joint course offering, with student teams spanning the two classes, to educate students about the intricacies of interactive-software development. Using this joint course we simulated different conditions of interactive-software development (i.e. with different types of project constraints and role playing) and assigned different teams to these conditions. As part of semester-long class projects these teams developed prototype systems for a real client using their assigned development condition. Two of the total of eight teams in this study used the Ripple framework. As part of this experimental course offering, various instruments were employed throughout the semester to assess the effectiveness of a framework like Ripple and to investigate candidate factors that impact the quality of product and process of interactive-software systems. The study highlighted the importance of communication among the SE and UE roles and exemplified the need for the two roles to respect each other and to have the willingness to work with one another. Also, there appears to exist an inherent conflict of interest when the same people play both UE and SE roles as they seem to choose user interface features that are easy to implement and not necessarily easy to use by system's target users. Regarding pedagogy, students in this study indicated that this joint SE-UE course was more useful in learning about interactive-software development and that it provided a better learning experience than traditional SE-only or UE-only courses. / Ph. D.

Antagandet om fortsatt drift utgör den grundläggande princip som skall tillämpas då företag värderar sina tillgångar. Om det föreligger osäkerhetsfaktorer beträffande företagets förmåga att fortleva under en överskådlig framtid ger däremot inte värderingen en rättvisande bild och skall därför frångås. Vidare skall revisorn, som en del i granskningen, beakta företagets fortsatta levnadsförmåga och vid tvivel om den framtida existensen skall en anmärkning göras i revisionsberättelsen. I och med att det är en förutsägelse om framtiden är det dock ett av de svåraste ställningstaganden en revisor måste göra. Tidigare studier indikerar på att företag, trots tilldelad going-concern varning (GC-varning), fortlever i cirka 90 procent av fallen. Bland de resterande tio procenten, som torde utgöra korrekta bedömningar, finns det dessutom forskare som hävdar att varningen fungerar självförverkligande och påskyndar, eller rent av orsakar konkursen. Andra forskare redovisar emellertid belägg för att en självuppfyllande profetia inte alls existerar. Bristande empiriskt material finns dock rörande det faktum att det skulle vara företagsspecifikt huruvida GC-varningen tenderar att utfalla. Aktuell studie ämnar ge ett bidrag till denna kunskapslucka genom att undersöka, och således erhålla kunskap om, faktorer som påverkar ett företags levnadstillstånd efter tilldelad GC-varning. Sammankopplade resultat från tidigare studier indikerar på att ålder, kapitalstruktur, bolagsstruktur, nettoomsättningsstorlek samt storlek på reviderande byrå kan antas vara påverkande faktorer. Genom statistisk hypotesprövning, baserad på data från företagens årsredovisningar, undersöktes korrelationen mellan dessa faktorer och levnadsstatus. Urvalet bestod av aktiebolag som sin enda eller allvarligaste anmärkning erhållit en GC-varning för första gången 2012. Efter viss bortsållning kom 188 bolag att utgöra studiens urval. Resultaten påvisade att de bolag, inkluderade i aktuell studie, som fortlevde var äldre, hade lägre total skuldandel, tillhörde en koncern samt blev granskade av en större revisionsbyrå 2012. I motsats till vad hypotesen predikterade hade de också högre räntebärande skuldandel. Avseende nettoomsättningens storlek uppvisades ingen nämnvärd skillnad mellan grupperna. I många fall var emellertid differenserna för små, med hänsyn till den stora variation som förelåg, för att med statistisk säkerhet fastställa skillnaderna. Den enda slutsats som kan generaliseras är att koncernbolag med högre räntebärande skuldandel fortlever i större utsträckning. / The accounting is prepared with the assumption that the companies will continue as a going concern. However, the principle will be waived if the assumption is unwarranted. The auditor will, as part of the examination, consider the companies' living ability. If the auditor is in doubt about the companies' going concern, they are obligated to report it in the audit report. Due to the fact it is an assessment about future events, it is one of the most difficult parts for an auditor to consider. Recent research indicates that 90 percent of the companies receiving a going concern-warning (GCW) do not subsequently fail. Among the remaining ten percent, which should compose correct judgements, some researchers claim that the warning is self-fulfilling and accelerates or even causes the bankruptcy. On the other hand, there are also researchers who report that no such self-fulfilling prophecy exists. Limited empirical material exists concerning the fact that it may be specific for each company whether it survives or ceases after receiving a GCW, a gap that this paper aims to fill. The aim will be met by investigating, and thus obtain knowledge about, factors that affect a company's state of living after receiving a GCW. Merged results from recent research indicate that age, capital structure, company structure, net sales and size of the auditing firm are influencing factors. By statistical hypothesis testing, based on data from the companies' annual reports, the correlation between these factors and life status was investigated. The sample consisted of limited companies which, as its only or most serious remark, received a GCW for the first time in 2012. After some screening, 188 companies were left to constitute the sample of the study. The obtained results were that the companies which continued as a going concern, were older, had lower debt to total asset ratio, belonged to a concern and were audited by a big audit firm in 2012. Opposite to predicted hypotheses, they also had higher interest-bearing debt to total asset ratio. No difference of matter was discerned regarding net sales. However, in many cases the differences were too small to statistically prove the differences, given the large variation which existed. The only conclusion that can be generalized is that group companies with higher interest-bearing debt to total asset ratio continue as a going concern to a greater extent.

Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health) / Teenage pregnancy remains a complex issue globally. According to the World Health Organisation (2014), the average global birth rate of girls aged 15-19 years was 49 per 1000 births reported globally. In South Africa, the general household survey conducted in 2014 revealed that 5.6% of females 14-19 years were reported to have been pregnant in 2013, with teenage pregnancy increasing by age from 0.8% for the age group of 14 years to 11.9% for teenagers aged 19 years. In South Africa, a range of health policies and programs exist to address teenage pregnancy, including school-based sex education, peer education programmes, adolescent friendly clinic initiatives and mass media interventions. Despite such initiatives, the number of teenagers becoming pregnant remains high. Teenage pregnancy reported in Mangaung district is 7%, which is three times more than the provincial target of 2% for teenage pregnancy. This research therefore aimed to explore the reasons behind teenage pregnancy in Heidedal, Mangaung District, Free State Province, South Africa. Two in- depth interviews were conducted, one with twelve teenage mothers and the other with four key informants who were selected based on insight and experience they possess in working with teenagers. The key informants suitable for the study included a nurse, life orientation teacher, ward councillor and a counsellor working for a non-governmental organization that supports the implementation of youth programmes in the health facility. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data and key themes, afterwards concepts were interpreted so that explanations could be constructed to answer the research aim and objectives. The study aimed to contribute to understanding reasons behind the high teenage pregnancy rates in Mangaung District. This information will be useful to policy makers in developing policies and strategies that will address factors identified to be influencing teenage pregnancy.

‘How do extrinsic factors influence the decision of young adults to become an entrepreneur?’ Michelle Hartmann and Aiko Thumm, 2018: Applied Double Degree Bachelor, Linnaeus University Växjö, Sweden and ICN Business School Nancy, France. Even though governments all over the world are putting a spotlight on entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship as a whole, the motivations of why to become a venture creator is rarely touched upon. In general, there are two forms of possible influences on entrepreneurial intentions, namely intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. In order to further describe the phenomenon of extrinsic factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions, this study aims to describe the interplay of three extrinsic factors for venture creation. These three factors are entrepreneurship enhancing education, role models as well as influence of opportunity and necessity. A descriptive, qualitative study has been chosen for that purpose. During semi-structured interviews, the narrative story of the six participants is told. The findings revolve around the narratives of the respondents’ propositions towards the three aforementioned extrinsic factors. This paper shows that the present educational system only partially conveys necessary knowledge and entrepreneurial skills. Furthermore, this study suggests, that there is more than only a positively influencing role model, videlicet, a negative example representing things the young adult does not want to become. In addition, the study depicts the predicament of a clear differentiation between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. Lastly this paper concludes, that more than one factor are motivational drivers for young entrepreneurs and therefore opens a wide research area for future fellow entrepreneurship researchers.