Denna studie avser att undersöka vilka visuella element som påverkar hur produkter kategoriseras av konsumenter som antingen ett tvättmedel eller ett livsmedel. Genom att undersöka visuella element och vilka konnotationer de skapar kan dessa undersökningar ge insikter om hur människor tolkar och kategoriserar objekt. Detta undersöktes med enkät, observation och generative research som metod. Den insamlade empirin visar att visuella element skapar konnotationer och styr kategorisering av produkter. Empirin visade att mättade färger, vassa former, en viss avsaknad av visuella element, realistiska bilder och färgen grön konnoteras till tvättmedel. Det visade även att omättade färger konnoteras till yoghurtförpackningar. Fynden sammanställdes i en guide för illustratörer för att underlätta förmedlandet av avsett bruksändamål och även i ett nytt designförslag på ett tvättmedel som nyligen misstagits för att vara ett livsmedel. Eftersom denna typ av misstag inte är ovanliga, där även oavsiktlig förtäring har förekommit, kan denna studie vara värdefull för att minska att detta ska ske i framtiden. / This study investigates the visual elements that influence how consumers categorize products as either a detergent or a food item. By examining the visual elements and the connotations they create, these investigations provide insights into how people interpret and categorize objects. This was explored through a survey, observation and a focus group as part of a Generative Research approach. The collected empirical data demonstrates that visual elements create connotations and guide the categorization of products. The empirical findings revealed that saturated colors, sharp shapes, a certain absence of visual elements, realistic images, and the color green are associated with detergents. The findings were compiled into a handbook for illustrators to facilitate the communication of intended use and also into a new design proposal for a detergent that was recently mistaken for a food item. Since these types of mistakes, including unintentional consumption, are not uncommon, this study could be valuable in reducing such occurrences in the future.

This is a thesis in information design with a focus on spatial design. The purpose of the study is to design a design proposal that will facilitate orientation in grocery stores for visually impaired people. According to SRF (National Association of the Visually Impaired) (2016), people with this disability find it more difficult to go through grocery shopping. This is because it is difficult to find goods in grocery stores.  In the study, two design proposal were used. These two tests were built on inspiration from other methods, including location analysis, shadowing and more. The first test resulted in insight into the difficulty of finding goods. The second test is a test method used to gain an understanding of the design proposal. Based on the collected theories and empirical data, a design proposal was created to guide the visually impaired to the various departments found in stores. / Detta är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Syftet med studien är att designa en gestaltningsförslag som ska underlätta orienteringen i matbutiker för synskadade personer. Enligt SRF (Synskadades Riksförbund) (2016) har personer med denna nedsättning svårare att genomgå dagligvaruhandel. Detta beror på att man har svårt att hitta varor i matbutiker.  I studien användes det två tester. Dessa två tester byggdes av inspiration från andra metoder, bland annat av platsanalys, shadowing och med mera. Första testet resulterade inblick om svårigheten att hitta varor. Andra testet är en testmetod som används för att få förståelse om designförslaget. Utifrån de insamlade teorierna och empirin skapades det fram en gestaltningsförslag som ska vägleda synskadade till de olika avdelningarna som finns i butiker.

Detta examensarbete är skrivet inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Studiens syfte har varit att utforska hur offentliga konsten kan bidra vid navigationen i en komplex exteriör miljöer. I detta fall ett bostadsområde utanför Strängnäs med likartad bebyggelse. Observationen har varit den avgörande faktorn vid val av plats och ämnesområde. Med en avsaknad av konst eller andra rumsliga attribut, som skapar identifikation, har besökare och förbipasserande haft svårare att orientera sig vid den observerade platsen. Arbetet presenterar tillvägagångssättet och resultaten som ligger som grund för gestaltningsförslaget. Den vetenskapliga förankringen vilar på empirisk data, litteraturstudier samt utförda metoder.  Metoderna som utförts i studien är platsanalys, observation, kvantitativ och kvalitativ intervju, omvärldsanalys, fokusgruppsarbete, prototyparbete i samverkan med fokusgrupp, och eget idégenererande vid gestaltande.  Platsens behov och rörelsemönster har observerats och analyserats. Fakta kring offentlig konsts tillblivelse och vad den kan bidra med har tagits fram genom intervju, litteratur samt med fokusgruppens samverkan. Gestaltningen föreslår hur offentlig konst kan underlätta navigation i bostadsområden av detta slag. Samt undersöker vilken slags gestaltning som kan vara mera gynnsamt för platsen i detta sammanhang. Gestaltningsförslaget presenteras genom bilder, text och kartor. Ambitionen genom detta arbete har varit att ta vara på informationsdesignens olika kvaliteter till en helhet av värde. / This thesis is written in information design with a focus on spatial design. The purpose of the study has been to explore how public art can contribute to navigation in a complex exterior environment. In this case, a residential area outside Strängnäs with similar buildings. The observation has been the decisive factor when choosing a place and subject area. With a lack of art or other spatial attributes, which create identification, visitors and passers-by have had more difficulty orienting themselves at the observed site. The work presents the approach and results that form the basis for the design proposal. The scientific basis is based on empirical data, literature studies and performed methods. The methods performed in the study are site analysis, observation, quantitative and qualitative interview, external analysis, focus group work, prototype work in collaboration with focus group, and own idea generation in design. The site's needs and movement patterns have been observed and analyzed. Facts about the creation of public art and what it can contribute have been produced through interviews, literature and with the focus group's collaboration. The design suggests how public art can facilitate navigation in residential areas of this kind. And examines what kind of design can be more favorable for the place in this context. The design proposal is presented through pictures, text and maps. The ambition through this work has been to take advantage of the various qualities of information design to a whole of value.

Internet portals are increasingly becoming a primary source of information. A portal is a gateway to information on the Internet or a hub from which users may locate relevant information (Strauss, 2000). Because university Web sites have various user classes, universities are beginning to adopt the portal concept for their Web sites. The study conducted aimed to determine the effect of tailoring information content and presentation style on a university Web portal. User ratings of information design on three metrics and user task performance measures of time and errors were compared for four prototypes. Three prototypes were built on the basis of user requirements and two Human-computer Interaction (HCI) theories and one was a replica of an existing academic information portal. The three metrics were derived from the HCI theories. The contributions of the study are a determination of user acceptance of and user performance with the tailored presentation styles and three metrics derived from HCI theories that can be used to compare alternative information presentation styles for portals. An important contribution is the remote data collection technique that was used in the study and a time-stamping technique that recorded clicks on hyperlinks. / Master of Science

Detta examensarbete är en studie i hur man kan utforma ett flexibelt klassrum med fokus på att underlätta och förändra arbetssättet för pedagoger och inlärningsmiljön för studenter. Syftet är att förbättra klassrumsmiljön, detta för att skapa ett klassrum som är välkomnande och utformad för att förbättra kommunikationen mellan pedagoger och studenter. Arbetet har utgått från CFF (Centrum för flerspråkigheter), en mottagnings- och utbildningsenhet på Brinellskolan i Fagersta för personer mellan 16 och 65 år som har till syfte att lära sig svenska. CFF lokaler är i nuläget inte anpassat för den undervisning som bedrivs där. CFF har ett behov av att anpassa klassrummens fysiska element såsom förvaring, ljudabsorbenter, whiteboardtavla och projektor. Eftersom CFF inte använder sig av hemklassrum blir det viktigt att klassrummet är utformat efter skolans aktiviteter och användare. Studien har baserats på teorier kring undervisningsprocesser, form och funktion, ljud, färg, ljus och gestaltslagar. Metoder som har tillämpats är rumsanalys, intervjuer och utvärderingsintervjuer. Utifrån detta har ett gestaltningsförslag utformats. Målsättningen med gestaltningsförslaget har varit att skapa ett flexibelt, funktionellt, estetiskt och tilltalande klassrum som är anpassade efter klassrummets olika aktiviteter. Denna studie är avsedd till att vara intressant för pedagoger, designers eller forskare inom design och pedagogik. / This thesis is a study in how to design a flexible classroom environment with a focus on facilitating and supporting teachers’ and students’ working and learning. The goal is to design a classroom environment that is welcoming while also designed to improve communication between teachers and students. The work is based on the Centre for Multilingualism, an education unit that is a part of Brinellskolan in Fagersta for people between 16 and 65 years who intend to learn the Swedish language and culture. The Centre for Multilingualism’s facilities are currently not well suited to the education that is provided there. The classroom at the centre needs to be better adapted, particularly with regards to physical elements such as storage and acoustics, and display elements such as whiteboards and projectors. At the Centre for Multilingualism the students do not have their own classroom or home-room, so it is important that the classroom they use is flexible and is designed to accommodate many different activities and users at different times. This study is based on theories of spatial design such as form, function, acoustics, colouring and lighting, it also includes some cognitive theories of design. The methods that have been applied in this thesis are spatial analysis, interviews and reference objects. Based on the results of these applied theories and methods a design proposal has been created. The goal of the design proposal was to create design for a flexible, functional, and aesthetically pleasing classroom adaptable to suit a variety of educational activities and also different teachers and students with differing needs. This study is intended to be of interest to educators, designers or researchers in design and teaching methods.

[pt] Esta pesquisa analisa o campo do design especialmente no que tange à produção de visualização de informação para meios digitais no âmbito do jornalismo, com o olhar voltado para a retórica visual dessas imagens. Relacionada com o advento das novas mídias - que trouxe a viabilidade de representações visuais a partir de bases de dados dinâmicas - a pesquisa visa contribuir para uma discussão ainda incipiente em nível global (e especialmente nacional) dado o cenário tecnológico contemporâneo, caracterizado pela multimidialidade e pela crescente popularidade de novos dispositivos computacionais, interativos e portáteis. Para tal, empreende uma reflexão teórica que passa pelo estabelecimento da sociedade de informação no último século; apresenta a transição das velhas para as novas mídias, bem como seu impacto no jornalismo e, por consequência, na visualização de informação produzida para esses meios; e investiga ainda, o campo da imagem e da compreensão de informação através da retórica visual. A partir dessa moldura teórica, esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de organização do uso da retórica visual de forma consciente por designers, através de uma taxonomia baseada em estudos anteriores. E finalmente, com base nessa proposta, analisa determinados casos de uso, classificando visualizações de informação produzidas por alguns veículos de mídia, do Brasil e do exterior. / [en] This research investigates the Design domain especially on information visualization (InfoVis) production to digital media through journalism, focusing on images’ visual rhetoric. Concerned with the advent of new media - that brought the viability of dynamic data onto visual representations – this study wants to contribute to an initial global debate (and particularly in Brazil) in view of the contemporary technologic scenario characterized by multimediality and growing popularity of new interactive and portable computational devices. For that, it does a theoretical study on information society; it presents the transition between old and new media, as well as the impact on journalism and, in consequence, on information visualization production by new media; and also, investigates the image field and information comprehension through visual rhetoric. Within this theoretical frame, the dissertation proposes a conscious and organized use of visual rhetoric for designers, with a taxonomy based on earlier researches. Finally, based on this proposal, this study analyses some usage cases, classifying information visualization produced by some brazilian and international media companies.

A pesquisa busca alcançar novos aportes para estudos em infografia jornalística à medida que investiga qualidades, atividades profissionais e tecnologias envolvidas na produção de uma modalidade infográfica emergente, o infovis, contextualizada pelas potencialidades do meio digital e on-line, e sintonizada com práticas comunicacionais contemporâneas, que supera, em determinados aspectos, modelos infográficos anteriores. Com vistas a atingir nosso objetivo investigativo adotamos metodologia de pesquisa em duas etapas: 1) revisão conceitual de três referências teóricas fundamentais - visualização da informação, infografia jornalística e interatividade; e 2) proposta de análise de infovis com base na técnica de pesquisa de análise de conteúdo. Assim, o corpus empírico é constituído por 270 infovis de conteúdo temático político, sobretudo eleitoral, de quatro sítios jornalísticos - The New York Times, The Guardian, Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo - veiculados entre jan. 2010 e dez. 2013. A partir de sistemático procedimento de análise elaborado segundo unidades e subunidades analíticas orientadas pelas três dimensões teóricas do dispositivo infovis (input, interface e output), obtivemos respostas codificadas para todas as peças do corpus. A leitura do formulário de análise preenchido gerou resultados e inferências sobre nossa amostra que apontam para aspectos produtivos pioneiros em infografia, como maior abertura comunicacional à audiência, emprego de ferramentas on-line e gratuitas para produção de infovis e utilização de tecnologia de atualização contínua dos dados visualizados. / The research seeks to offer new contributions for studies on journalistic infographics by investigating the qualities, professional activities, and technologies involved in the production of an emerging form of infographics, the infovis, within the context of the potential of online environments, in synch with contemporary communications practices, and which overcomes, in certain aspects, previous infographics models. In order to meet our research objective, we employed a two-stage method: 1) conceptual review of three fundamental theoretical subjects - information visualization, journalistic infographics, and interactivity; and 2) a proposal for the analysis of infovis based on the technique of content analysis research. Thus, the empirical corpus is made up of 270 examples of infovis with political thematic content, mainly electoral, from four journalistic websites - The New York Times, The Guardian, Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo - published between January 2010 and December 2013. Based on a systematic procedure for analysis, organized by analytical units and subunits, as well as by the three theoretical facets of the infovis device (input, interface and output), we obtained codified responses for all pieces within the corpus. From the reading of the completed analysis form, results and inferences were generated for our sample, which point to pioneering productive features in infographics, such as greater communicative openness with the audience, use of free online tools for the production of infovis, and use of real-time technology for on-screen data

As the headline suggests, it's not always easy to find the right way, especially when it comesto places we have never visited before. To not find or not being able to orientate in a place can create some uncertainty and may ultimately give a negative experience. This study examines how spatial and visual elements can clarify the orientation of an already built space without making any major architectural changes. The roombeing examined in this studyis the Modern Museum's foyer in Stockholm and the work is written in the subject information design with a focus on spatial design.The methods used are room analysis containing a site analysis, observation and notation analysis and three qualitative interviews. Theories and previous research in orientation and wayfinding, experienceroom, Gestalt psychology and perception and the mental mapare involved in this study. With the help of thesetheories and previous research as well asempirics, a design proposal has been developed where the visitor is more likely to orient himself by creating clearer features. / Som rubriken antyder är det inte alltid så lätt att hitta rätt, det gäller speciellt när vi kommer till platser vi aldrig besökt innan. Att inte hitta eller att inte kunna orientera sig på en plats kan skapa en viss osäkerhet och kan i slutändan ge en negativ upplevelse. I den här studien undersöks hur rumsliga och visuella element kan förtydliga orienteringen i ett redan byggt rum utan att göra några större arkitektoniska ändringar. Rummet i studien är Moderna museets foajé i Stockholm och arbetet är skrivet inom ämnet informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Metoderna som använts är rumsanalys som innehåller en platsanalys, observation och notationsanalys och tre kvalitativa intervjuer. Teorier och tidigare forskning inom orientering och vägledning, rumsupplevelse, gestaltpsykologi och perception och den mentala kartanberörs i arbetet. Med hjälp av dessateorier och tidigare forskning samt empirinhar ett gestaltningsförslag tagits fram där besökaren lättare ska kunna orientera sig genom att tydligare funktioner har skapats.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os painéis de gráficos estatísticos conhecidos como dashboards são utilizados comumente naárea de Business Intelligence (BI) para a visualização de grandes sistemas organizados de dados. A presente dissertação propõe embasar o projeto de dashboards pelas teorias de Jacques Bertin, formuladas nas obras Sémiologie Graphique e La Graphique et le Traitement Graphique de linformation. Considerando este referencial, e ainda parâmetros do design de informação e da visualização de dados, foram desenvolvidos dashboards que apresentam dados sobre a política de reserva de vagas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sistematizados pelo projeto de BI dessa instituição. O objetivo foi não apenas o de atender aos requisitos convencionais de um dashboard, mas sobretudo o de apresentar outras perspectivas informativas. Nesse sentido, investigam-se as especificidades dos métodos de Bertin e sua expansão para o domínio dos sistemas interativos. / The panels of statistical charts known as dashboards are employed in the area of Business Intelligence (BI) for the visualization of large-scale organized systems of data. This Masters Thesis proposes to base the design of dashboards by theories of Jacques Bertin, formulated in the books Sémiologie graphique and La graphique et le traitement de linformation. Considering this framework, and further parameters of information design and data visualization, it were developed dashboards that present data about the policy of quotas from the State University of Rio de Janeiro, systematized by the BI project of that institution. The goal was not only to meet the requirements of a conventional dashboard, but rather to present other perspectives of information. Accordingly, we investigate the specific methods of Bertin and its expansion into the area of interactive systems.

La presente investigación basada en que el diseño gráfico puede contribuir en la difusión de información sobre Protección y Bienestar Animal tiene como objetivo diseñar una propuesta infográfica que ayude a informar sobre la ley de manera más interactiva y atractiva. La metodología que se está usando tiene un enfoque cuantitativo por lo que se han utilizado técnicas de recolección de datos como encuestas mediante un cuestionario con preguntas específicas que permitan conocer al público y testeo del producto. La solución que se plantea para solucionar el problema es el diseño de una infografía interactiva, la cual tuvo un impacto positivo en los usuarios. Los resultados arrojaron que la solución propuesta resulta atractiva e interesante (88.5% de los encuestados) y no presenta dificulta en la comprensión del contenido (84.6%). Por lo que se concluye que existe un problema de difusión de información sobre la ley de Protección y Bienestar Animal y la propuesta infográfica resulta un recurso útil. / Trabajo de investigación