Connected aviation, the Internet of Flying Things and related emerging technologies, such as the System-Wide Information Management infrastructure of the FAA NextGen program, present numerous opportunities for the aviation sector. The ubiquity of aeronautical, flight, weather, aerodrome, and maintenance data accelerates the development of smarter software systems to cope with the ever increasing requirements of the industry sector. The increasing amount, frequency and variety of real-time data available to modern air transport and tactical systems, and their crews, creates exciting new challenges and research opportunities. We present an architectural approach toward the vision of increasingly self-separating and self-governed flight operations within the bigger picture of an evolving set of future Autonomous Flight Rules. The challenges in this field of research are manifold and include autonomic airborne trajectory optimization, data sharing, fusion and information derivation, the incorporation of and communication with rational actors—both human and machine—via a connected aviation infrastructure, to facilitate smarter decision making and support while generating economical, environmental and tactical advantages. We developed a concept and prototype implementation of our Smart Autoflight Control System. The concept and implemented system follow the design principle of an Autonomic Element, consisting of an Autonomic Manager and its Managed Element, acting within an Autonomic Context. The Managed Element concept embraces an infrastructure featuring suitable models of manageable environments, airborne agents, planners, applicable operational cost and risk policies, and connections to the System-Wide Information Management cloud as well as to relevant rational actors, such as Air Traffic Control, Command and Control, Operations or Dispatch. The Autonomic Manager concept incorporates the extraction, that is, short-term sensing, of features from operational scenarios and the categorization of these scenarios according to their level of criticality and associated flight phase. The Autonomic Manager component, furthermore, continuously tunes, that is, actuates, manageable items of its Managed Element, such as environments and planners, and triggers competitions to assess their performance under the various extracted and dynamically changing features of their Autonomic Context. The performance reputations of the tuned manageable items are collected in a knowledge base and may serve as a long-term sensor. Both the managed items of the Managed Element as well the managing items of the Autonomic Manager are extendable and may realize very different paradigms, including deterministic, non-deterministic, heuristically guided, and biologically inspired approaches. We assessed the extensibility and maintainability of our Smart Autoflight Control System infrastructure by including manageable environments and planners of the Classical Grid Search, Probabilistic Roadmaps, and Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees families into its core component. Furthermore, we evaluated the viability of a simple heuristic and a more sophisticated Sequential Model-Based Algorithm Configuration Autonomic Manager to adaptively select and tune manageable planners of the supported families based on the extracted features from very simple to highly challenging scenarios. We were able to show that a self-adaptive approach, that heuristically tunes and selects the best performing planner following a performance competition, produces suitable flight trajectories within reasonable deliberation times. Additionally, we discovered options for improving our heuristic Autonomic Manager through a series of evaluation runs of the Sequential Model-Based Algorithm Configuration Autonomic Manager. Our contributions answer how the manageable items, that is, environments and planners, of our Smart Autoflight Control System core component have to be modified in order to embed System-Wide Information Management data that feature both spatial and temporal aspects. We show how operational cost and risk policies help to assess environments differently and plan suitable flight trajectories accordingly. We identify and implement the necessary extensions and capabilities that have to be supported by manageable and managing items, respectively, to enable continuous feature extraction, adaptive tuning, performance competitions, and planner selection in dynamic flight scenarios. / Graduate

This master thesis is a qualitative study focusing on knowledge sharing, collegial learning and collaboration amongst teachers in an upper secondary school in Sweden. The study aims to answer the following questions: How do teachers share knowledge with each other? In which context is knowledge shared? How do teachers work towards school development? Schools in Sweden face an important decision regarding school development. One problem discussed in the thesis, raised by OECD and Skolverket, is that teachers in Sweden do not collaborate enough with their colleagues. The purpose of the study is to contribute awareness of how, when and why teachers share knowledge with each other. Five interviews were conducted with teachers in Swedish and were analysed through a thematic analysis and put in relation to knowledge sharing. The result shows that the teachers in the study share knowledge of student progression, exams, and subjects, among other things, in informal or formal groups. These are either scheduled on a weekly basis or meetings take place a couple of times each term. Furthermore, the result shows that teachers who work collaboratively can differentiate due to culture and norms at the organisation and the coworkers themselves. One conclusion is that teachers do collaborate much, but there is a difference in how depending on whether they are part of formal or informal groups. School culture determines whether or not sharing knowledge is accepted, and the school board’s value of knowledge sharing is therefore very important.

This master thesis is a qualitative study focusing on knowledge sharing, collegial learning and collaboration amongst teachers in an upper secondary school in Sweden. The study aims to answer the following questions: How do teachers share knowledge with each other? In which context is knowledge shared? How do teachers work towards school development? Schools in Sweden face an important decision regarding school development. One problem discussed in the thesis, raised by OECD and Skolverket, is that teachers in Sweden do not collaborate enough with their colleagues. The purpose of the study is to contribute awareness of how, when and why teachers share knowledge with each other. Five interviews were conducted with teachers in Swedish and were analysed through a thematic analysis and put in relation to knowledge sharing. The result shows that the teachers in the study share knowledge of student progression, exams, and subjects, among other things, in informal or formal groups. These are either scheduled on a weekly basis or meetings take place a couple of times each term. Furthermore, the result shows that teachers who work collaboratively can differentiate due to culture and norms at the organisation and the coworkers themselves. One conclusion is that teachers do collaborate much, but there is a difference in how depending on whether they are part of formal or informal groups. School culture determines whether or not sharing knowledge is accepted, and the school board’s value of knowledge sharing is therefore very important.

Master of Public Health - MPH / One hundred and fifty two (152) countries in the world can be classified as developing or low-resourced countries (LR Cs) according to the World Bank. 1 In the majority of these countries the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is below $1000. Given these limited resources it stands to reason that there is less money available to spend on healthcare and health research

This research investigates how the new technology implementation in the transportation system in Hangzhou, China affected the work routines and the challenges reported by the managers of the system as well as their suggestions on improvements. Through the analysis of the interviews with the managers in the intelligent transportation system, the main effects of RFID on the development of intelligent transportation in Hangzhou were proposed. It also reveals the current status of RFID development in the intelligent transportation system, further proposes factors that affect the development of RFID, and reveals the core factors that affect the development of Hangzhou's intelligent transportation. This research can enrich the information management theory of the development of an intelligent transportation system, and have certain guidance and reference significance for the development of urban information system at the same time. In this study, through direct communication with the managers of the main intelligent transportation departments in Hangzhou, this research analyzes the influencing factors of the development of RFID in Hangzhou. Based on the analysis results, this research put forward the strategy of urban informatization development in Hangzhou. The researchhas certain practical significance for improving the overall development level of smart transportation in Hangzhou. The impact of RFID on the daily work of managers of intelligent transportation management departments has first improved the innovation of intelligent transportation. Second, improve management efficiency. Third, provide the management with more intelligence plans to solve the impact of eight aspects including transportation problems However, it can be seen from the results of encoding and passing that the senior managers' lack of awareness, including learning information technology, information management capabilities, and other factors, has led to insufficient application of RFID technology in the field of smart transportation in Hangzhou. In response to this phenomenon, three main suggestions were put forward, attach importance to infrastructure construction, improve the information literacy of grassroots employees, and increase the intensity of traffic information management in Hangzhou.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The research revealed the need to design an information architecture model for Data Governance initiative that can serve as an intercom between current IT / IS management trends: Information technology (IT) management and information management. A model is needed that strikes a balance between the need to invest in technology and the ability to manage the information that originates from the use of those technologies, as well as to measure with greater precision the generation of IT value through the use of quality information and user satisfaction, using the technologies that make it possible for the information to reach them to be used in their daily work.

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During 2020, pandemic Covid-19 hit organizations globally. Organizations changed to remote or hybrid work forms overnight. This prompted a fast development of information technology. Research during the pandemic shows expectations on new work forms to create a norm of flexible work forms. As organizations settled in the new normal this did not happen, organizations rather created their own policies for work forms, very much differentiated from each other. This made apparent a discrepancy between the expectations from researchers and the situation in the new normal, which is the problem this study will investigate. The purpose of this study is exploring the identified discrepancy and what consequences the work forms have caused in information management of organizations during the pandemic and in the new normal. The research question is: What consequences have the new work forms had for the information culture and information management of this study’s organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the new normal? The theoretical framework is based on Choo’s theories on information management in organizations and his 4R model which also works as a tool for analysis. This qualitative study uses semi structured interviews with seven interviewees at different Swedish organizations. Results show that work forms have impacted information management of organizations and that organizations in the new normal create their own policies for work forms based on a range of different arguments. Conclusions find that development of information technology enables flexible work forms, but also that organizations still search for individual solutions for flexible work.

Att ta tillvara på tidigare kunskap och information blir av större vikt för företag. Strategier för att ta tillvara på denna typ av information har blivit vanligare och företag använder sig av teorier så som Knowledge Management och Information Management. Inom produktutvecklingsprojekt skapas mycket kunskap och det är därför viktigt att företag har processer för hur de lagrar och tar tillvara på kunskapen för att sedan implementera kunskapen i senare projekt. Denna studie syftar till att förstå hur företag använder tidigare kunskap och skapar mening från den, inom produktutvecklingsprojekt. Den syftar även till att förstå hur företag går tillväga för att spara och lagra denna kunskap. För att förstå varför individer agerar som de gör i specifika situationer har även resultaten analyserats ur aspekter som kognitivism och meningsskapande. Detta belyser hur individer bemöter och bearbetar information. Vidare framgår det att de strategiska tillvägagångsätt som enkelt kan implementeras hos företag saknar den psykologiska aspekt som är nödvändig för att förstå personalen. Studien har analyserat hur två tillverkande, innovativa globala företag tar tillvara på och implementerar kunskap med koppling till teorier och litteraturstudie. Arbetet är utfört genom ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Studien har utförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en projektledare och två projektarbetare på respektive företag. Genom att utföra dessa intervjuer går det att påvisa att företagen har processer för att lagra information, kunskap och data, dock har respondenterna svårt att klassificera vad som är skillnaden mellan dessa. Ytterligare finner studien att dessa processer är tydliga för lagringen av information och data men vid överföringen av kunskap förlitar sig företagen på personalisering, att kunskap överförs genom interaktion med andra individer. Företagen är även omedvetna om de metoder och processer som finns för att främja personaliseringen även om de anammar flertalet av dem. Vidare är det just under början av projekten som processerna för kunskapsimplementering är extra tydliga. Det framgår också att de tydliga processerna för lagringen av information och data är konkreta och förankrade högt i hierarkin på företaget, hur informationen lagras är alltså bestämt på en högre nivå. Dock visar resultatet av studien att det finns en viss avsaknad hos de som implementerar processerna för personalens kognitivism och meningsskapande. Däremot om denna information används i framtida projekt och processer är ytterst oklart.

Att ta tillvara på tidigare kunskap och information blir av större vikt för företag. Strategier för att ta tillvara på denna typ av information har blivit vanligare och företag använder sig av teorier så som Knowledge Management och Information Management. Inom produktutvecklingsprojekt skapas mycket kunskap och det är därför viktigt att företag har processer för hur de lagrar och tar tillvara på kunskapen för att sedan implementera kunskapen i senare projekt. Denna studie syftar till att förstå hur företag använder tidigare kunskap och skapar mening från den, inom produktutvecklingsprojekt. Den syftar även till att förstå hur företag går tillväga för att spara och lagra denna kunskap. För att förstå varför individer agerar som de gör i specifika situationer har även resultaten analyserats ur aspekter som kognitivism och meningsskapande. Detta belyser hur individer bemöter och bearbetar information. Vidare framgår det att de strategiska tillvägagångsätt som enkelt kan implementeras hos företag saknar den psykologiska aspekt som är nödvändig för att förstå personalen. Studien har analyserat hur två tillverkande, innovativa globala företag tar tillvara på och implementerar kunskap med koppling till teorier och litteraturstudie. Arbetet är utfört genom ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Studien har utförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en projektledare och två projektarbetare på respektive företag. Genom att utföra dessa intervjuer går det att påvisa att företagen har processer för att lagra information, kunskap och data, dock har respondenterna svårt att klassificera vad som är skillnaden mellan dessa. Ytterligare finner studien att dessa processer är tydliga för lagringen av information och data men vid överföringen av kunskap förlitar sig företagen på personalisering, att kunskap överförs genom interaktion med andra individer. Företagen är även omedvetna om de metoder och processer som finns för att främja personaliseringen även om de anammar flertalet av dem. Vidare är det just under början av projekten som processerna för kunskapsimplementering är extra tydliga. Det framgår också att de tydliga processerna för lagringen av information och data är konkreta och förankrade högt i hierarkin på företaget, hur informationen lagras är alltså bestämt på en högre nivå. Dock visar resultatet av studien att det finns en viss avsaknad hos de som implementerar processerna för personalens kognitivism och meningsskapande. Däremot om denna information används i framtida projekt och processer är ytterst oklart.