The aim of the work is to present Argentinian literary tradition as reflected in the Jorge Luis Borges' essays and collections of poems from his early creative period (twentieth and thirtieth of 20th century). The corpus of the analyzed works is created by three collections of poems - Passion for Buenos Aires, Moon across the Way, San Martin Copybook and three books of essays - Evaristo Carriego, The Size of My Hope and The language of the Argentines. At the beginning, the text is focused on Argentinian (respectively on Hispanoamerican) cultural context at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Then, the text continues by analysis of six Borges' books mentioned above reflecting five most important Argentinian motives - pampa, gaucho, compadrito, Buenos Aires and its suburbs and dictator. The author notices different attitudes to Argentinian topic and concludes that Argentina symbolizes very important theme, which is influenced also by Borges' predecessors (e. g. Sarmiento, Hernández or Lugones). Key words: Jorge Luis Borges, Argentinian literary tradition, cultural identity, textual analyse, Buenos Aires, suburb, pampa, compadrito, dictator.

[pt] Tema desta dissertação, o escritor Jorge Luís Borges nasceu em Buenos Aires, centro político-financeiro e capital da Argentina no ano de 1899. Remontando à aurora de seus escritos, o momento de largada de sua produção literária coincide com um intenso processo modernizador em sua cidade natal. Com efeito, frente a uma Argentina que cresce em escala alarmante, Borges em 1921 e aos 21 anos regressa a Buenos Aires após uma temporada de sete anos em solo europeu. Ao chegar se depara com uma cidade profundamente distinta de quando partiu: aumento populacional, imigração maciça e uma inegável transformação no tecido físico da cidade e dos meios de transportes. Estas novas características faziam parte do impulso modernizante que soprara na capital portenha. Por seu turno, Borges engaja-se nas correntes vanguardistas do período e do seu interior fazia ecoar tanto um tom de franco otimismo acerca das recentes possibilidades de intervenção no panorama literário local, quanto numa clave melancólica, um Fervoroso lamento poético sobre a abrupta transformação de sua cidade Buenos Aires.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o movimento literário do escritor frente às alterações que permitiram um alcance mais amplo para sua prática vanguardista, assim como refletir sobre o sentimento de perplexidade que se deu em seu retorno, ao perceber uma cidade alterada em seus traços primordiais. Desta forma, o entusiasmo de vanguarda será discutido à luz dos manifestos assinados pelo autor e seus textos programáticos de renovação literária. Quanto a outra postura, será analisada pelo Réquiem produzido por Borges em seu primeiro livro de poemas Fervor de Buenos Aires em que o escritor dá ensejo ao movimento de irrealização de uma realidade percebida como estranha com o fito de realizar seu imaginário. / [fr] Thème de cette dissertation, l écrivain Jorge Luis Borges, né en 1899 à Buenos Aires, centre politico-financier et capitale de l Argentine. En reprenant le début de sa production littéraire, on remarque que celui-ci coïncide avec le moment d un intense processus modernisateur dans sa ville natale. En effet, face à une Argentine qui grandit dans des proportions alarmantes, Borges, en 1921, revient à Buenos Aires après un séjour de sept ans sur le sol européen. En arrivant, il sera confronté à une ville profondément distincte de celle qu il a quittée: augmentation de la population, immigration en masse et une inégale transformation dans le tissu physique de la ville et des moyens de transport. Ces nouvelles caractéristiques faisaient partie de l impulsion modernisatrice qui soufflait dans la capitale porteña. À son retour, Borges s engage dans les courants avant-gardistes du moment et y fait aussi bien éclore un ton de franc optimisme quant aux récentes possibilités d intervention dans le panorama littéraire local qu une note mélancolique, une fervente plainte poétique sur l abrupte transformation de sa ville, Buenos Aires.Cette dissertation a pour objectif d`analyser le mouvement littéraire de l écrivain face aux altérations qui ont permis une portée plus ample à sa pratique avant-gardiste, ainsi que réfléchir sur le sentiment de perplexité vécu à son retour, en voyant une ville altérée dans ses traits primordiaux. De cette façon, l enthousiasme de l avant-garde sera discuté à l aide des manifestes signés par l auteur, ainsi que ses textes programmatiques de rénovation littéraire. Quant à l autre posture, elle sera analysée à partir du Requiém produit par Borges dans son premier recueil de poèmes Fervor de Buenos Aires où l écrivain laisse la possibilité au mouvement d irréalisation d une réalité perçue comme étrange avec l intention de réaliser son imaginaire.

Este estudo compara a mímese poética do mundo árabe-islâmico, especialmente no livro de contos As mil e uma noites, com a mímese poética do mundo hispano-americano na obra literária de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra anônima das Noites tornou-se a principal referência para especular tanto as formas e as estratégias de construção narrativa quanto os conteúdos temáticos na criação poética do escritor argentino. Devido à magnitude da produção literária borgeana, este estudo considerou o livro El Aleph (1946) e três contos de El libro de arena (1975)- El espejo y la máscara, Undr e El disco. O trabalho se propõe afirmar que a poética árabe-islâmica, enquanto acervo da cultura universal constituiu-se num dos elementos vitais para a construção da poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges / This study compares the poetic mimesis of the Arabic-Islamic world, specially the book of tales The Arabian Nights, with the poetic mimesis of the American- Hispanic world in Jorge Luis Borges literary production. The anonymous literary composition The Arabian Nights became the main reference to speculate both the form and the narrative construction strategies as well as the thematic contents as a poetic creation of the Argentinian author. Due to the magnitude of the borgesian literary production, this study has only considered the book El Aleph (1946) and three narratives of El libro de arena (1975) El espejo y la máscara, Undr and El disco. As a result, the study proposes to state that the Arabic- Islamic Poetics, albeit a universal cultural patrimony, constituted itself in one of the vital elements to the construction of Jorge Luis Borges Narrative Poetics

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Este estudo compara a mímese poética do mundo árabe-islâmico, especialmente no livro de contos As mil e uma noites, com a mímese poética do mundo hispano-americano na obra literária de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra anônima das Noites tornou-se a principal referência para especular tanto as formas e as estratégias de construção narrativa quanto os conteúdos temáticos na criação poética do escritor argentino. Devido à magnitude da produção literária borgeana, este estudo considerou o livro El Aleph (1946) e três contos de El libro de arena (1975)- El espejo y la máscara, Undr e El disco. O trabalho se propõe afirmar que a poética árabe-islâmica, enquanto acervo da cultura universal constituiu-se num dos elementos vitais para a construção da poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges / This study compares the poetic mimesis of the Arabic-Islamic world, specially the book of tales The Arabian Nights, with the poetic mimesis of the American- Hispanic world in Jorge Luis Borges literary production. The anonymous literary composition The Arabian Nights became the main reference to speculate both the form and the narrative construction strategies as well as the thematic contents as a poetic creation of the Argentinian author. Due to the magnitude of the borgesian literary production, this study has only considered the book El Aleph (1946) and three narratives of El libro de arena (1975) El espejo y la máscara, Undr and El disco. As a result, the study proposes to state that the Arabic- Islamic Poetics, albeit a universal cultural patrimony, constituted itself in one of the vital elements to the construction of Jorge Luis Borges Narrative Poetics

This study examines three works by Argentine authors of the late 20th and early 21st centuries: Jorge Luis Borges's "La memoria de Shakespeare," Ricardo Piglia's La ciudad ausente, and Rodrigo Fresán's Mantra. These works explore the theme of memory directly, and provide insight into the role of memory in relation to literature, technology, and media. To understand memory and its functions and failures, I employ concepts from recent scientific inquiry into the nature of memory, particularly neuroscience and clinical psychology. Within this framework, I show how memory and narrative fiction share a number of similarities, and explore the idea of memoria ajena, or memories that come not from personal experience, but from outside, whether it be from another person's mind or from the fiction one consumes.

En observant le foisonnement de métaphores de la lumière et de la vision dans l’œuvre de Reinaldo Arenas – l’accentuation de la couleur, l’éblouissement, la brûlure et le dédoublement – cette thèse s’interroge sur la vision de l’écriture formulée dans et à partir de ces images, et sur les implications de cette vision. Constatant à travers cette réflexion l’inscription à même le langage des images de la lumière et de la vision – de la réflexion à la clarté, en passant par l’image et la lucidité – cette thèse délibère, à travers l’œuvre de Reinaldo Arenas et celle de Jorge Luis Borges, sur une définition de l’écriture comme intensité, notion et image empruntées au registre du sensible par le détour de la physique. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la couleur comme phénomène de la vision, du sensible, de l’affect et de la nuance, ainsi qu’à la métaphore de la cécité abordée par Borges et par Paul de Man comme phénomène de la lecture, points d’entrée à une réflexion sur l’écriture. Le second chapitre aborde la notion d’éblouissement en tant qu’intensité de la lumière et temporalité de la prise de conscience lucide, définissant ainsi une vision du temps et les affinités entre la temporalité de l’écriture et celle de l’image poétique. Le troisième chapitre, réitérant la question de la relation au temps – historique et narratif –, réaffirme les inflexions du langage en fonction de la lumière, c’est-à-dire la relation entre l’aspect « lumineux » du langage, l’intensité de la lumière et l’intensité de l’écriture (entendue comme écriture littéraire), en explorant le seuil (la destruction par le feu) mis en lumière par l’image du phénix, figure mythique et littéraire de la transformation des images, selon la définition de l’imagination proposée par Gaston Bachelard. Enfin, la double conclusion (une conclusion en deux parties, ou deux conclusions réfléchies l’une dans l’autre), relie les images poétiques de la lumière évoquées et leurs implications en examinant la portée d’une vision de l’écriture comme intensité. Cette idée est élaborée à travers l’image finale du double, figure littéraire constitutive et omniprésente à la fois chez Arenas et chez Borges, image non seulement de la relation entre le personnage et son double (qui relève de l’hallucination ou de l’imagination, images, encore une fois, de la vision), mais aussi de la relation entre l’auteur et le texte, le lecteur et le texte, l’écriture et le temps. La double conclusion vise le dédoublement et redoublement comme figures de l’intensité dans l’écriture. Le lien entre la vision métaphorique et l’écriture comme intensité est donc articulé par la métaphore, telle qu’entendue par Borges, élargie à l’image poétique dans la perspective de Gaston Bachelard ; elle s’appuie sur la vision de la littérature pensée et écrite par Arenas. La réflexion est double : dans le texte et sur le texte, au plan poétique et au plan d’une réflexion sur l’écriture d’Arenas ; sur l’écriture et, implicitement, sur la littérature. / Plunging into the work of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas, this thesis examines the connection between Arenas’ exuberant choice of metaphors related to light and vision – such as color, dazzle, fire, the double – and the potential meanings and implications of a narrative strategy based on such images. By underlining the persistence, within language itself, of images related to light and vision – such as reflection, clarity, lucidity and illumination –, as well as by examining the work of Reinaldo Arenas as well as of Jorge Luis Borges, this thesis offers a definition of writing as an experience characterized by intensity. The first chapter analyzes how color as a visual phenomenon relates to the emotional realm and to the senses, as well as to their nuances ; following which, it exposes the metaphor of blindness within the experience of reading, as evoked by Borges and Paul de Man, leading to a reflection on writing. The second chapter deals with the notion of dazzle as being, at once, a visual experience, and the very moment of awareness, thus reflecting on the concept of time, and on the understanding of writing, although perceived as linear, as grounded in a temporality similar to that of the poetic image. The third chapter expands on the notion of a relationship between historical time, fictional time, narration, and light, emphasis being placed on the parallel between light intensity and narrative intensity, based on the “igniting” origins of language. Drawing on Gaston Bachelard’s definition of imagination, it discusses the notion of threshold (where ignition leads to destruction) symbolized by the Phoenix, a mythical and literary figure of the transformation of images. Finally, the two-fold conclusion (a double conclusion or two reflecting conclusions) brings together the metaphors related to light that have been discussed in the previous chapters within the perspective of writing as an experience characterized by intensity. Through the metaphor of the double that pervades and informs Arenas’ as well as Borges’ works, the relational and double nature of narration comes to life at the intersection between the character and his doubles (also an effect of vision as a creation of imagination or hallucination), between the author’s expression and the reader’s interpretation, between literature and time. The metaphors related to doubling recurring in Arenas’ work offer a sense of intensification which summons up a vision of writing characterized by intensity. Thus, the connection between poetic thinking and narration is established through a metaphor, as defined by Borges and expanded through Gaston Bachelard’s notion of poetic imagery, and it is grounded in Reinaldo Arenas’ constant play between formal expression and narrative content. Implicit is a double reflection, on literature and time.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Carvalho Correa de Mello.pdf: 1331311 bytes, checksum: 5747ca7f8fc4205e4f164a0ecd1c1581 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The presente research has as primay objective an interpretation about the literature of Jorge Luis Borges grounded in a teorical and metododological aproach concerned to Social Psychology. In this way, we propose the use of the concept of ideology developed by J. B Thomposn, and the concepts of literary field by Bourdieu and discursive poliphony by Mikhail Bakhtin. We propose an analisys and an interpretation of the Borges literature that iluminates its political dimension and not only aesthetic. We propose to describe the production, circulation and reception of his literature along the peronistas years (1946-1955), and in wich ways the literature had articuleted with the conflicts between the peronista State and the argentinian literary field during this years / A seguinte dissertação tem por objetivo geral realizar uma interpretação sobre a literatura de Jorge Luis Borges fundamentada em aportes teóricos e metodológicos concernentes à Psicologia Social. Neste caminho, propomos a utilização da conceituação de ideologia de J. B, concebida como o sentido a serviço do poder, e dos conceitos de campo literário de Pierre Bourdieu e de polifonia discursiva de Mikhail Bakhtin. Propomos nesta dissertação uma análise e interpretação da literatura de Jorge Luis Borges que ilumine sua faceta política e não somente estética. Propomos descrever as dimensões de produção, circulação e recepção de sua literatura durante os anos peronistas (1946-1955) e em que medida ela se articulou com as relações de poder entre o Estado peronista e o campo literário argentino durante esses anos

En observant le foisonnement de métaphores de la lumière et de la vision dans l’œuvre de Reinaldo Arenas – l’accentuation de la couleur, l’éblouissement, la brûlure et le dédoublement – cette thèse s’interroge sur la vision de l’écriture formulée dans et à partir de ces images, et sur les implications de cette vision. Constatant à travers cette réflexion l’inscription à même le langage des images de la lumière et de la vision – de la réflexion à la clarté, en passant par l’image et la lucidité – cette thèse délibère, à travers l’œuvre de Reinaldo Arenas et celle de Jorge Luis Borges, sur une définition de l’écriture comme intensité, notion et image empruntées au registre du sensible par le détour de la physique. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la couleur comme phénomène de la vision, du sensible, de l’affect et de la nuance, ainsi qu’à la métaphore de la cécité abordée par Borges et par Paul de Man comme phénomène de la lecture, points d’entrée à une réflexion sur l’écriture. Le second chapitre aborde la notion d’éblouissement en tant qu’intensité de la lumière et temporalité de la prise de conscience lucide, définissant ainsi une vision du temps et les affinités entre la temporalité de l’écriture et celle de l’image poétique. Le troisième chapitre, réitérant la question de la relation au temps – historique et narratif –, réaffirme les inflexions du langage en fonction de la lumière, c’est-à-dire la relation entre l’aspect « lumineux » du langage, l’intensité de la lumière et l’intensité de l’écriture (entendue comme écriture littéraire), en explorant le seuil (la destruction par le feu) mis en lumière par l’image du phénix, figure mythique et littéraire de la transformation des images, selon la définition de l’imagination proposée par Gaston Bachelard. Enfin, la double conclusion (une conclusion en deux parties, ou deux conclusions réfléchies l’une dans l’autre), relie les images poétiques de la lumière évoquées et leurs implications en examinant la portée d’une vision de l’écriture comme intensité. Cette idée est élaborée à travers l’image finale du double, figure littéraire constitutive et omniprésente à la fois chez Arenas et chez Borges, image non seulement de la relation entre le personnage et son double (qui relève de l’hallucination ou de l’imagination, images, encore une fois, de la vision), mais aussi de la relation entre l’auteur et le texte, le lecteur et le texte, l’écriture et le temps. La double conclusion vise le dédoublement et redoublement comme figures de l’intensité dans l’écriture. Le lien entre la vision métaphorique et l’écriture comme intensité est donc articulé par la métaphore, telle qu’entendue par Borges, élargie à l’image poétique dans la perspective de Gaston Bachelard ; elle s’appuie sur la vision de la littérature pensée et écrite par Arenas. La réflexion est double : dans le texte et sur le texte, au plan poétique et au plan d’une réflexion sur l’écriture d’Arenas ; sur l’écriture et, implicitement, sur la littérature. / Plunging into the work of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas, this thesis examines the connection between Arenas’ exuberant choice of metaphors related to light and vision – such as color, dazzle, fire, the double – and the potential meanings and implications of a narrative strategy based on such images. By underlining the persistence, within language itself, of images related to light and vision – such as reflection, clarity, lucidity and illumination –, as well as by examining the work of Reinaldo Arenas as well as of Jorge Luis Borges, this thesis offers a definition of writing as an experience characterized by intensity. The first chapter analyzes how color as a visual phenomenon relates to the emotional realm and to the senses, as well as to their nuances ; following which, it exposes the metaphor of blindness within the experience of reading, as evoked by Borges and Paul de Man, leading to a reflection on writing. The second chapter deals with the notion of dazzle as being, at once, a visual experience, and the very moment of awareness, thus reflecting on the concept of time, and on the understanding of writing, although perceived as linear, as grounded in a temporality similar to that of the poetic image. The third chapter expands on the notion of a relationship between historical time, fictional time, narration, and light, emphasis being placed on the parallel between light intensity and narrative intensity, based on the “igniting” origins of language. Drawing on Gaston Bachelard’s definition of imagination, it discusses the notion of threshold (where ignition leads to destruction) symbolized by the Phoenix, a mythical and literary figure of the transformation of images. Finally, the two-fold conclusion (a double conclusion or two reflecting conclusions) brings together the metaphors related to light that have been discussed in the previous chapters within the perspective of writing as an experience characterized by intensity. Through the metaphor of the double that pervades and informs Arenas’ as well as Borges’ works, the relational and double nature of narration comes to life at the intersection between the character and his doubles (also an effect of vision as a creation of imagination or hallucination), between the author’s expression and the reader’s interpretation, between literature and time. The metaphors related to doubling recurring in Arenas’ work offer a sense of intensification which summons up a vision of writing characterized by intensity. Thus, the connection between poetic thinking and narration is established through a metaphor, as defined by Borges and expanded through Gaston Bachelard’s notion of poetic imagery, and it is grounded in Reinaldo Arenas’ constant play between formal expression and narrative content. Implicit is a double reflection, on literature and time.