En stor del av den tidiga språkutvecklingen sker i samspel med vuxna, och kommunikationen mellan vårdnadshavare och deras små barn är därför särskilt betydelsefull. Vuxna anpassar ofta sitt sätt att tala till små barn genom att göra anpassningar i de språkliga parametrarna prosodi, segmentell fonologi, syntax, pragmatik och ordförråd. Dessa anpassningar kallas ofta för barnriktat tal (BRT) och har visat sig ha både en kortsiktig såväl som långsiktig positiv inverkan på barns tidiga språkutveckling. Tidigare forskning gällande barns tal- och språkmiljö har främst fokuserat på kommunikationen mellan kvinnliga vårdnadshavare och deras små barn. Det finns därmed ett behov av forskning som undersöker manliga vårdnadshavares kommunikation, särskilt med fokus på kvalitativa aspekter så som användandet av BRT. Inom Ord gör skillnad-projektet på KI utvecklas en ny interventionsmetod, Preventive Education Program for Parents (PEPP). I metoden kartläggs kvantitativa och kvalitativa aspekter av barns tal- och språkmiljö med hjälp av Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA), videoinspelning och ett framtaget PEPP-protokoll. I föreliggande studie undersöktes förekomsten av de parametrar som utgör BRT i manliga vårdnadshavares kommunikation med sina små barn. Mer specifikt undersöktes förekomst eller icke förekomst av parametrarna samt mest respektive minst förekommande parameter. Studien syftade även till att undersöka om PEPP-protokollets nuvarande beskrivningar av parametrarna kan användas för att bedöma förekomst av BRT. I studien deltog 6 manliga vårdnadshavare och deras barn i åldrarna 0 till 12 månader. Material från barnens tal- och språkmiljö samlades in med videoinspelning under en strukturerad leksituation och med LENA under en heldag i hemmiljö. Användandet av BRT analyserades både med hjälp av PEPP-metodens bedömningsprotokoll samt genom en kompletterande uppskattning av mest respektive minst förekommande parameter. Resultaten visade att 5 av 5 parametrar som utgör BRT förekom i samtliga deltagares kommunikation i hemmiljön samt i majoriteten av deltagarnas kommunikation under den strukturerade leksituationen. För hälften av deltagarna noterades parametern pragmatik som mest förekommande parameter och segmentell fonologi som minst förekommande parameter. I studien påtalas brister gällande PEPP-protokollets beskrivningar av parametrarna och författarna presenterar förslag på förbättringsåtgärder. / A large part of early language development takes place in interaction with adults, and the communication between caregivers and their young children is therefore particularly important for the child’s language development. Adults often adapt their way of speaking to young children by making adjustments in the linguistic parameters’ prosody, segmental phonology, syntax, pragmatics and vocabulary. These adaptations are often referred to as child-directed speech (CDS) and have been shown to have both adirect, as well as long-term positive impact on young children's language development. Previous research on children's speech and language environment has mainly focused on communication between female caregivers and their young children. Therefore, there is a need for research that examines male caregivers’ communication, especially with focus on qualitative aspects such as the use of CDS. Within the Words make a difference project at Karolinska Institutet (KI), researchers are developing a new intervention method, Preventive Education Program for Parents (PEPP). The method maps quantitative and qualitative aspects of children's speech and language environment using Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA), video recordings and a protocol developed within PEPP. The present study explored the occurrence of the parameters that constitute CDS in male caregivers' communication with their young children. More specifically, the occurrence or non-occurrence of the parameters as well as the most and least occurring parameter were examined. The study also aimed to investigate whether the PEPP protocol's current descriptions of the parameters could be used to assess the occurrence of CDS. The study involved 6 male caregivers and their children aged 0 to 12 months. Data from the children's speech and language environment were collected with a short video recording during a structured play situation, and with LENA from a daylong recording in the child’s natural home setting. The use of CDS was analyzed both by using the PEPP protocol, and well as by a supplementary estimation of the most and least occurring parameter. The results showed that 5 out of 5 parameters that constitute CDS occurred in all participants' communication in the natural home setting as well as in the majority of the participants' communication during the structured play situation. For half of the participants, pragmatics was noted as the most occurring parameter, and segmental phonology as the least occurring parameter. The current study highlights shortcomings regarding the PEPP protocol's descriptions of the parameters and the authors proposes suggestions for improvement of the PEPP method.

Cookbooks have a unique ability to record women.s history, both private and public. Cookbooks transmit not only instructions for preparing specific dishes, but also the values of class, race and gender of the times and places in which they are created. This study will focus on several such cookbooks produced by Louisiana women in the mid-twentieth century, from the 1930s to the 1970s. Different though these works are, they collectively demonstrate that the best cookbook authors are purveyors not only of recipes, but also of class values, ethnic relations and folklore, and gender models that one generation of women endeavors to transmit to the next. Most important, this study will argue that these cookbooks provide a rich and penetrating insight into the class structure in rural Louisiana, race and accomplishment in an era of segregation, and the role of gender in domestic and professional occupation.

No description available.

Ce travail a pour but d'améliorer la connaissance des transferts de métaux entre les phases dissoute et particulaire en milieux estuariens afin d'évaluer et de mieux comprendre les variations de la répartition des métaux et de leur spéciation en fonction des conditions physico-chimiques des systèmes étudiés. Les estuaires sont caractérisés par des gradients importants de nombreux paramètres physico-chimiques tels que la salinité, le pH, la teneur en ligands organiques, la turbidité etc... Cinq estuaires ont été sélectionnés en raison de leurs caractéristiques hydrologiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et biologiques différentes. Deux de ces estuaires sont microtidaux et débouchent sur la Méditerranée (le Rhône et l'Ebre), le troisième est un exemple type d'estuaire macrotidal pollué (l'Escaut) et les deux derniers ont des débits liquides et solides qui les situent parmi les dix plus grands fleuves du monde (le Changjiang et la Lena). Nous avons sélectionné cinq métaux (Cs, Cd, Zn, Mn et Co) dont le devenir est tributaire de la plupart des processus recensés en estuaire. Ces métaux ont par ailleurs des isotopes émetteurs gamma ayant des périodes de demi vie assez grandes, ce qui nous a permis d'utiliser une méthode de mesure des coefficients de distribution qui caractérisent les seules fractions labiles. L'application du modèle de complexation de surface pour l'interprétation des mesures de coefficients de distribution des cinq métaux dans les différents estuaires pour différentes conditions de débit et de saison a permis d'identifier les processus qui jouent un rôle dans la spéciation de ces métaux dans de tels milieux. Ces résultats peuvent s'appliquer à la compréhension des mécanismes de transfert entre phases dissoute et particulaire dans le cas d'autres métaux et d'autres systèmes aquatiques. Un intérêt particulier a été porté au rôle des colloïdes et des ligands organiques dissous dans la spéciation des métaux dans les milieux estuariens étudiés. D'une part nous avons montré que les composés organiques dissous qui s'adsorbent à la surface des particules en suspension modifient leurs propriétés de surface et contrôlent leur réactivité de surface vis-à-vis des métaux. D'autre part les colloïdes et ligands organiques dissous contribuent à la complexation des métaux dans la phase dissoute. Une méthode simple basée sur l'ajout d'un ligand ayant un fort pouvoir complexant, 1'EDTA (éthylène-diamine-tétra-acétate) a permis d'évaluer le pouvoir complexant des colloïdes et des ligands organiques dissous pour Zn et Cd dans l'estuaire du Rhône. Cependant la nature et la concentration de ces composés dissous restent inconnues.

No description available.

This thesis provides the first rigorous history of the concept of midlife crisis. It highlights the close connections between understandings of the life course and social change. It reverses accounts of popularization by showing how an idea moved from the public sphere into academia. Above all, it uncovers the feminist origins of the concept and places this in a historically little-studied tradition of writing about middle age that rejected the gendered "double standard of aging." Constructions of middle age and life-planning were not always oppressive, but often used for feminist purposes. The idea of midlife crisis became popular in the United States with journalist Gail Sheehy's Passages (1976), a critique of Erik Erikson's male-centered model of ego development and psychoanalytic constructions of gender and identity more generally. Drawing on mid-century notions of middle life as the time of a woman's entry into the public sphere, Sheehy's midlife crisis defined the onset of middle age, for men and women, as the end of traditional gender roles. As dual-earner families replaced the male breadwinner model, Passages circulated widely, read by women and men of different generations, including social scientists. Three psychoanalytic experts-Daniel Levinson, George Vaillant, and Roger Gould-rebutted Sheehy by putting forward a male-only concept of midlife as the end of a man's family obligations; they banned women from reimagining their lives. Though this became the dominant meaning of midlife crisis, it was not universally accepted. Feminist scholars, most famously the psychologist and ethicist Carol Gilligan, drew on women's experiences to challenge the midlife crisis, turning it into a sign of emotional instability, immaturity, and egotism. Resonating with widespread understandings of mental health and social responsibility, and confirmed by large-scale surveys in the late 1990s, this relegated the midlife crisis to a chauvinist cliché. It has remained a contested concept for negotiating the balances between work and life, production and reproduction into the present day.

Jahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz - Berichtsjahr 2012 / Annual report of the University Library of Chemnitz in 2012

Jahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz - Berichtsjahr 2012 / Annual report of the University Library of Chemnitz in 2012