Orientador: Elisabete Doria Bilac / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaro_CarlaSabrina_D.pdf: 1721224 bytes, checksum: 814469d6399a9b9bdaff82473afb3f2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: No contexto das análises sobre a relação entre as dinâmicas familiares e a crescente inserção e permanência das mulheres no mercado laboral, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral o estudo da participação de mulheres unidas no provimento doméstico. De maneira mais específica, a pesquisa procura discutir quais variáveis sociodemográficas seriam importantes para o perfil das mulheres unidas que são provedoras e a maneira como a participação de mulheres e homens unidos no provimento doméstico é afetada pelo modo como se inserem (ou não) no mercado de trabalho. O tempo gasto no trabalho remunerado e nos afazeres domésticos constitui também ponto importante de estudo, já que permite analisar o gasto total de tempo dos indivíduos em um e em outro e como isso pode ou não influenciar a participação no provimento doméstico. Outro objetivo específico da tese foi buscar também analisar a trajetória profissional e familiar do casal, como as mulheres se tornaram provedora e como isso afeta a organização doméstica. Tentou-se entender se o fato de as mulheres unidas serem provedoras ou não alterou de alguma maneira o tempo gasto nos afazeres domésticos e a participação dos parceiros nesses afazeres. Para cumprir tais objetivos, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: uma, quantitativa, através da análise dos dados das PNADs de 2001 a 2009 para o Estado de São Paulo urbano, e outra, qualitativa, baseada em 42 entrevistas com mulheres unidas. Dessas, nove com não provedoras, 14 com provedoras complementares e 19 com provedoras principais, todas da Região Metropolitana de Campinas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é mostrar que a participação feminina no provimento doméstico no Estado de São Paulo urbano é algo consolidado e teve um aumento constante no decorrer da década. Outro ponto importante do trabalho foi verificar que homens e mulheres unidos estão inseridos de maneiras diferentes no mercado de trabalho e isso reflete em suas participações no provimento doméstico. Enquanto a grande maioria desses homens é provedor principal, a maioria das mulheres é provedora complementar. Por outro lado, a participação no provimento doméstico não diminui a jornada doméstica de trabalho feminino, fazendo com que as mulheres provedoras ainda tenham muita dificuldade em articular o trabalho remunerado com os afazeres domésticos. Contudo, o mesmo não acontece para os homens. Entre as mulheres que são provedoras principais há um agravante extra, por mais que participar do mercado de trabalho seja importante para que elas adquiram independência quanto à administração do seu dinheiro, a sobrecarga de trabalho ainda é muito grande. Para elas, assumir parte principal ou o total do provimento doméstico se transforma em uma experiência negativa, já que em sua percepção, tal situação desobriga os homens de assumirem suas responsabilidades familiares, tanto no que diz respeito ao provimento doméstico quanto a uma maior participação nas trabalhas domésticas / Abstract: In the context of the analysis about the relation between family dynamics and the increasing participation and retention of women in the labor market, this research aims to study the participation of women in union (married or in a consensual union) in household providing. More specifically, the research discusses which sociodemographic variables would be important for the profile of these women in union who are household providers and how the way women and men in union are inserted (or not) in the labor market. The time spent in paid employment and household chores is also an important point of this research, since it allows analyzing the total time men and women together spend and how it may or may not influence their participation in household providing. The data for the analysis of the professional and familiar career of the couple and the household organization are also important to the household providing analysis and were considered. To accomplish these goals, the research was conducted in two stages: quantitative, through the analysis of data from the PNAD from 2001 to 2009 for the State of São Paulo, and qualitative, based on interviews made with 42 women in union, of which nine were non-providers, 14 were complementary providers and 19 were primary providers. All these women were from the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil. The main contribution of this research is to show that female participation in household providing in the State of São Paulo is something consolidated and had a steady increase during the decade. Another important point of this research was that men and women that are living together in a stable relationship are placed differently in the labor market and this is reflected in their participation in household providing. While the vast majority of these men are the main providers, most women are complementary providers. Moreover, the participation in household providing does not reduce women's workload and the female providers end up having a hard time articulating paid employment with domestic chores. However, the same is not true for men. Among women who are primary providers there is an aggravating point, even though being in the labor market is important for them to gain independence in the management of their money, the workload is still too large. For these women, taking the main part or the total of the household providing becomes a negative experience, since, in their perception, it frees men of assuming their familiar responsibilities in household providing and in their part of the housework / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutor em Demografia

Orientador: Jose Dari Krein / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kallabis_RitaPetra_M.pdf: 3192261 bytes, checksum: 5af6c824b17565b10bcc902bdf8aaba0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Em meados da década de 1970 rompeu-se o padrão de desenvolvimento estabelecido no período do pós-guerra, um padrão expresso na construção dos Estados de Bem Estar Social, estes pautados pela inclusão social e pela promoção de maior justiça distributiva. Este rompimento deslanchou abertamente uma dupla crise, econômica e social. Pergunta-se: Quais as respostas que a União Européia deu a esta crise com a qual se instalaram o crescimento econômico lento e oscilante, o desemprego em massa e a precarização dos mercados de trabalho? E qual o significado destas respostas na busca por um novo padrão de desenvolvimento, como modelo social europeu? Procura-se por respostas, analisando-se a Estratégia Europeia para o Emprego (EEE), lançada em 1994, incluída no ano de 2000 na Estratégia Europeia para Emprego e o Crescimento (Estratégia de Lisboa) e afunilada em 2007 no projeto da Flexicurity. Discutindo-se as Políticas de Emprego contidas nestas estratégias, percebe-se um conflito de objetivos. De um lado, encontram-se elementos que as revelam como instrumentos de uma política econômica guiada pela visão liberal-conservadora que pressiona pela desregulação e flexibilização do mercado de trabalho, este último novamente visto como lócus para a resolução de problemas sociais mais amplos. Ao mesmo tempo, entretanto, essas políticas procuram inserir na regulação europeia elementos constitutivos dos Estados de Bem Estar Social nacionais. Mostra-se, então, como o projeto de integração europeia via mercado é contrabalançado socialmente pela força de resistência dos sistemas de proteção social construídos no período anterior, sem que se percebam indicadores da construção de uma nova utopia civilizadora que possa enraizar socialmente o capitalismo em seu estágio atual, desenfreado e predador. Conclui-se, apesar do discurso político contrário, que a União Européia não logrou e pouco tentou construir um novo modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social. De fato, as Políticas de Emprego seguem a orientação liberal-conservadora voltada à adaptação econômica ao capitalismo globalizado, caracterizado pela concorrência exacerbada. / Abstract: After the Second World War was installed a model of development which highest expression was the construction of the social Welfare States, lined by social inclusion and promotion of major distributive justice. In middle of the 1970, this model was disrupted in a process that out righted a double-faced crisis, economic and social. That crisis induced decades of slow and unstable growth raised mass unemployment and provoked labour marked precarisation. What was the European Unions answer? And what is the signification of that answer while looking for a new model of development, like an European social model? Responses are looked for by analysing the European Employment Strategy (EES), launched in 1994, included in 2000 in the European Strategy for Growth and Employment (Lisbon Strategy) e splayed in 2007 in the project of Flexicurity. The Employment Policies contained in that strategies bear a conflict of interests: There are elements thatched to the instruments of liberal-conservative economic policy. / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The following paper examines the part-time work in Metropolitan Lima in 2008. The overall objective is to identify the determinants of the incidence of part-time work in Lima. We worked with one Probit econometric model, measured by the National Survey of Households (NSH), which explores the job characteristics of people. This will determine the presence of part-time workers in the areas of trade, health, education and communication; also realized that this group has completed university studies and incomplete, and the woman has a probability of 83,11397% more than men of working part time. / El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los factores determinantes de la incidencia del trabajo a tiempo parcial en Lima Metropolitana en el año 2008. Se trabajó con un modelo econométrico Probit, basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INEI), que analiza las características laborales de las personas. Con este, se determinó la presencia de los trabajadores a tiempo parcial en los rubros de comercio, salud, educación y comunicaciones; asimismo, se distinguió que dicho colectivo posee estudios universitarios completos e incompletos; y que las mujeres tienen una probabilidad de 83,11397% más que los hombres de laborar a tiempo parcial.

Orientador: Jose Dari Krein / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villalta_FrancoGalvao_M.pdf: 3680734 bytes, checksum: 5eb0279747a6a8a0692319b2eb3cf641 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A estratégia de sobrevivência dos agentes da cultura no mercado de trabalho da área está diretamente relacionada com as condições de realização da atividade cultural. No Brasil, durante o século XX, o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas logrou dar ensejo à criação de uma institucionalidade voltada para intervir no setor, no entanto, por conta da orientação ideológica dos governos e pela indisponibilidade de recursos, não foi bem sucedido em atender o amplo leque de demandas da esfera cultural. Nos anos 1990, permeado pelo processo de redemocratização e já incorporando as experiências neoliberais, o Estado encaminhou uma lei para fazer frente às adversidades herdadas do período anterior. Assim, por meio da Lei Rouanet, implementou-se a isenção fiscal como forma de aplicação de recursos na área, o que alterou significativamente não somente o conteúdo, mas também a forma de financiamento das atividades culturais. Este processo criou um novo mercado, o mercado de captação, cuja dinâmica recoloca as circunstâncias as quais os envolvidos no setor evem enfrentar para conseguir sobreviver. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que as novas condições de realização da atividade cultural, consubstanciadas na elevação das exigências burocráticas e em um novo tipo de expertise, se desdobrou na alteração na composição e características dos agentes da cultura, que se estruturaram em condições mais profissionais, porém em situação de absoluta insegurança e instabilidade / Abstract: The survival strategy of cultural agents in the labor market is directly related with the conditions of realization of the cultural activity. In Brazil, during the twentieth century, the development of public policies managed to give opportunity to the creation of an institutional corp to intervene in the sector, however, due to the ideological orientation of governments and the unavailability of resources, it wasn¿t successful on supplement all cultural needs. In the 1990s, immersed in the redemocratization process and already incorporating neoliberal experiences, the State implemented a law to supplant the adversities inherited. Thus, through the Rouanet Law, it was implemented a tax deduction mechanism to increase investments in the area, which changed significantly not only the content, but also the form of financing the cultural activities. This process created a new kind of market, the `catchment market¿, whose dynamic replaced the circumstances that those involved in this industry must face in order to survive. The hypothesis of this research is that the new conditions of realization of cultural activity, embodied in the rise of bureaucratic requirements and in a new type of expertise, restructured the composition and the characteristics of the cultural agents, which resulted in a more professional conditions, but in an absolute insecurity and instability labor situation / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Letícia Bicalho Canêdo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saes_PaulaMacchione_M.pdf: 1274353 bytes, checksum: 55eb812009c2341410ec54320a0542fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa trata do Prouni - Programa Universidade para Todos-, instituído pelo Governo Federal brasileiro em 2005. O programa surge em um contexto de aprofundamento do debate em torno das políticas públicas de educação para a expansão do acesso ao ensino superior e de políticas de ações afirmativas nas universidades. Tem por objetivo conceder bolsas de estudo, integrais ou parciais, em cursos de graduação em instituições privadas de educação superior a estudantes que possuam baixa renda per capita familiar. A pesquisa tem como centro de interesse compreender os efeitos do Prouni para os alunos que se formaram no ensino superior com a bolsa desse programa e que, possivelmente, sem a bolsa, estariam excluídos desse nível de ensino. Para isso, a partir de um questionário e de entrevistas com um grupo de ex-bolsistas, procurou-se investigar as trajetórias desses egressos e de que forma a inserção e conclusão de um curso superior trouxeram mudanças na vida deles, em especial em relação as possibilidade de colocação no mercado de trabalho. As histórias individuais e as trajetórias coletivas revelam que, para uma população com pouca ou nenhuma perspectiva de ingressar no ensino superior, o Prouni se coloca como uma oportunidade importante nessas trajetórias ao abrir caminho para a fuga do destino familiar / Abstract: This research discusses the Prouni - Program University for All - created by the Brazilian Federal Government in 2005. The program started in a context of important debates on public education policies for expanding access to higher education and also in a context of appearance of policies for affirmative action in universities. It aims to provide scholarships, partial or integral, for students, with low per capita family income, in undergraduate courses in private institutions of higher education. The objective of this research is to understand the effects of the Prouni to students that take part in the program and that, otherwise, would be excluded from this level of education. Therefore, by collecting interviews and questionnaires with a group of students, it investigates the trajectories of these graduates and how the insertion and higher education brought changes in their lives, especially regarding the possibility of placement in the labor market. The individual¿s histories and collective's trajectories demonstrate that, for a population with small or no perspective of ingression in higher education, the Prouni is an important opportunity as it opens a way to escape the family destiny / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestra em Educação

A presente dissertação visa estudar a temática da construção civil e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento no município de Imperatriz MA. O trabalho é o principal instrumento para qualquer atividade e no decorrer dos anos, muito se admite a sua importância e necessidade nos processos da atividade de construção civil. Imperatriz que acumulou diversos ciclos econômicos, atualmente se projeta para um novo ciclo, o da construção civil, pois uma nova onda de investimentos tem aquecido a economia local, potencializando e projetando positivamente a cidade em nível nacional da economia. Por essa razão, a cidade apresenta crescimento da população em função do fluxo migratório de outras regiões, como trabalhadores do campo, que atualmente estão na cidade atraídos pelas expectativas de emprego na atividade da construção civil, ou em outras atividades que se instalaram na cidade. O trabalho tem o objetivo analisar o mercado de trabalho no setor de construção civil em Imperatriz - MA, comparando com os indicadores nacionais e estaduais, e sua contribuição para o processo de desenvolvimento regional. Dessa forma, a pesquisa pretende mostrar o desempenho da construção civil no Brasil após 2008, demonstrar a rotatividade dos empregados em relação às outras atividades, investigar o cenário nacional da construção civil, bem como as consequências regionais da aceleração do desenvolvimento e definir os fatores que possibilitam a ascensão da indústria da construção civil em Imperatriz MA. Demonstram-se, por meio da análise de documentos e registros em base de autarquias federais, estaduais e outros que registram quantificação de dados estatísticos para a composição deste estudo. A pesquisa se dá a partir da expansão de crescimento, no segmento da construção civil, que o município apresentou após 2008, com os incentivos dados na esfera federal, e o desenvolvimento com destaque para a geração de emprego e renda. / This thesis aims to study the issue of construction and its contribution to development in the city of Imperatriz - MA. Work is the main instrument for any activity and over the years, much has admitted its importance and necessity in the process of construction activity. Empress accumulated various economic cycles, currently designs for a new cycle, the construction, as a new wave of investment has heated the local economy, enhancing and positively projecting the city in the national economy. For this reason, the city has population growth due to migration from other regions, such as rural workers, who are currently in the city attracted by employment expectations in the construction activity, or other activities that have settled in the city. The study aims to analyze the labor market in the construction industry in Imperatriz - MA, compared to national and state indicators, and its contribution to regional development. Thus, the research aims to show the performance of the civil construction in Brazil after 2008, demonstrate the rotation of employees in relation to other activities, to investigate the national scene construction as well as the regional impact of accelerating development and define the factors that make possible the rise of the construction industry in Imperatriz - MA. It demonstrates, through the analysis of documents and records in base municipalities federal, state and others that record quantification of statistical data for the composition of this study. The research starts from the expansion of growth in the construction segment, the municipality introduced after 2008, with incentives given at the federal level, and development with emphasis on the generation of employment and income.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att identifiera eventuella diskrepanser mellan arbetsgivares och personalvetarstudenters uppfattningar om vilka egenskaper som är viktiga för att erhålla ett Human Resource (HR)-relaterat yrke efter personalvetarstudier. Syftet har också varit att undersöka om den eventuella diskrepansen skiljer sig mellan olika högskolor och universitet i Stockholms omkringliggande område. Detta har undersökts i form av en enkätundersökning, som har skickats ut till arbetsgivare och personalvetarstudenter. Data från enkäten har analyserats med hjälp av t-tester, korrelationer och regressionsanalyser.Studiens huvudsakliga resultat är att det föreligger en diskrepans mellan arbetsgivare och personalvetarstudenter vad gäller deras uppfattningar om vilka egenskaper som är viktiga på arbetsmarknaden, men att diskrepansen inte påverkas av skoltillhörighet. Tydligast var skillnaden vad gäller personliga egenskaper, eftersom det var den kategori där arbetsgivare värderade egenskaperna signifikant högre än studenterna. Studien bidrar med kännedom om en kunskapslucka hos personalvetarstudenter och tillför därmed också kunskap vad gäller vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att utveckla kursprogrammen för personalvetarstudier. / The purpose of this study has been to identify potential discrepancy between employers’ and Human Resource (HR) students’ perceptions of what qualities that are critical for securing an entry-level position in the HR profession after finishing their studies. The purpose has also been to examine whether the potential discrepancy differs between universities in the Stockholm metropolitan area. This has been examined by a survey that has been forwarded to employers and HR-students. The survey data has been analysed by means of t-tests, correlations and regression analyses.The main results of this study are that a discrepancy between employers and HR-students prevails, regarding their perceptions of which qualities that are critical in the labour market. The discrepancy is, however, not affected by school affiliation. The most distinct difference was that of personal qualities, where the employers rated these qualities significantly higher than the HR-students. The study thereby contributes to the research area by identifying HR-students' knowledge gap and consequently, which measures that would benefit the HR-educations.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur före detta intagna upplever möjlighet till arbete efter frigivning samt ta reda på hur de blir bemötta av arbetsgivare. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns svårigheter för tidigare dömda att återintegreras på arbetsmarknaden samt att arbetsmöjligheterna skiljer sig kraftigt mellan personer som inte är dömda och de som är tidigare dömda. Detta eftersom arbetsgivare vill skydda organisationen från brottslighet. Teorierna om stigmatisering och stämpling utgör stora delar av arbetet och analyseras tillsammans med informanternas uttalanden i analysdelen. Studien består av en kvalitativ metod med en fenomenologisk ansats med fokus på sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. I resultat och analysdelen har jag lyft fram fyra teman som är: självstigmatisering, det dolda stigmat, självuppfyllande profetia och arbetsgivarens respekt för stigmatisering. Slutligen visar huvud resultatet att informanterna i undersökningen befinner sig i en avvikande grupp som har svårt för att återanpassa sig på arbetsmarknaden. Flera av faktorerna till detta är att de fortsätter stigmatiseras och stämplas i anställningsprocesser utifrån tidigare brott, något som därmed begränsar arbetsmöjligheterna ytterligare. Resultatet visar dessutom på att ingen av informanterna erfarit att de blivit bemötta på ett annorlunda sätt, något som kan bero på att man vanligtvis brukar respektera en annan persons stigma i sociala grupper. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how former inmates experience the opportunity to work after served prison sentence and find out how they are treated by employers. Previous research shows that there are difficulties for previously convicted people to be reintegrated into the labour market and that job opportunities differ greatly between people who are not convicted and those who are previously convicted. This is because employers want to protect the organization from crime.   The theories of stigmatization and stamping make up much of the work and are analyzed together with the informants' statements in the analysis part. The study consists of a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach focusing on six qualitative semi-structured interviews. In the results and the analysis section I have highlighted four themes that are: self-stigmatization, the hidden stigmatization, self-fulfilling prophecy and the employer's respect for stigmatization. Finally, the main result shows that the informants in the survey are in a deviant group who have difficulty in reintegrating into the labour market. Several of the factors for this are that they continue to be stigmatized and stamped in employment processes based on previous crimes, which further limits the job opportunities. The result also shows that none of the informants have experienced that they have been treated in a different way, which may be because one usually respect another person's stigma in social groups.

Cette thèse se compose de trois études sur le rôle du désaccord en économie. Dans le premier chapitre, j’étudie l’impact des incertitudes judiciaires sur le rôle du désaccord dans le marché financier. J’ai commencé par documenter et définir ces incertitudes judiciaires, de la manière la plus approfondie et détaillée possible. L’incertitude liée à la capacité imparfaite d’observation par des régulateurs est intitulée the monitoring problem, et celle liée à la pénalité et la possibilité de payer des amendes the enforceability problem. J’introduis ces concepts dans un modèle avec frictions financières. La simulation du modèle nous montre que la capacité d’observation des régulateurs détermine la stabilité ou la fragilité du secteur bancaire. Le coût du capital n’augmente pas beaucoup dans une économie avec des incertitudes judiciaires mais le taux de retour de l’économie à l’état stationnaire baisse. Par exemple le taux de retour de l’économie à l’état stationnaire (après avoir subi un choc externe de niveau moyen) dure en moyenne 7 – 12 trimestres. Je donne des arguments que cela est en raison de changement de qualité des actifs en présences des incertitudes judiciaires. Finalement, je regarde si le modèle simulé pourrait reprendre les fluctuations du cycle économique après la crise financière et il le fait bien. En outre je donne des arguments détaillés pour l’analyse des programmes de bien-être social en présence des incertitudes judiciaires. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j’étudie la volatilité due au désaccord dans le marché du travail. J’essaye d’identifier les sources de cette volatilité élevée de manière structurelle. Ainsi, j’utilise un vecteur autorégressif avec volatilité stochastique (Time Varying Parameter SVAR) pour investiguer les propriétés de la création d’emploi aux Etats-Unis et leurs variations dans le temps. Au vu des résultats, un choc technologique semble expliquer moins de 40% des fluctuations observées de la volatilité de la création d’emplois après les années 1980 et ils indiquent que la volatilité dépend largement des chocs de demande et de prix. Les postes vacants (autrement dit, la création d’emploi) réagissaient négativement aux chocs technologiques jusqu’au début des années 90. On retrouve la même tendance pour la période récente. Ce résultat est très important pour les autorités publiques car il remet en question la création d’emplois suite à de nouvelles technologies. Le troisième chapitre est consacré au désaccord sur le marché des prêts où je montre comment le droit des faillites pourrait intensifier le problème d’aléa moral entre une entreprise débitrice et ses créanciers. Ce chapitre essaye de faire un lien entre le droit des faillites et le coût du capital en étudiant le niveau de demande des clauses restrictives dans un contrat. L’hypothèse que je vais essayer de valider empiriquement est celle-ci : si le droit de faillite devient de plus en plus en faveur des entreprises, les créanciers mettent en place de plus en plus de clauses restrictives dans le contrat (c’est-à-dire cherchent à obtenir un contrôle renforcé sur le comportement des débiteurs). Je valide l’hypothèse susmentionnée et je montre qu’une clause restrictive additionnelle baisse le taux de rentabilité par 23 points de base. Ainsi, Je donne une nouvelle interprétation des clauses restrictive par rapport à la littérature. / In this thesis I have investigated three aspects of market frictions. Chapter 1 is about financial frictions, i.e. frictional forces prevailing in the financial lending markets and how monitoring and legal fines imposed on banks affect financial fragility. Chapter 2 explores the frictional labor market, i.e. frictional forces that prevent the smooth matching process between employees and employers in labor markets. In this chapter I investigate the sources of fluctuations in labor market volatility. Chapter 3 investigates the asymmetrical information in lending markets and how bankruptcy law could potentially affect this asymmetrical information between a borrower and its lenders. In Chapter 1, I have investigated the implications of legal fines and partial monitoring in a macro-finance model. This primary motivation of this work was the unprecedented level of fines banks faced in recent years. The research in this field is very sparse and this work is one of the few to fill in the void. I have tried investigating the implications of fines and partial monitoring in static and dynamic frameworks. There is partial monitoring in the sense that dubious behavior of intermediaries is not always observed with certainty. Moreover intermediaries can pay some litigation fees to mitigate the punishment for their conduct should they get caught. Several insights can be drawn from introducing such concepts in static and dynamic frameworks. Partial monitoring and legal fines make the incentive constraint of intermediaries more relaxed, in the sense that bankers are required to pledge less collateral to raise fund. This decrease in the asset pledgeability pushes the corporate spread down. In a dynamic set-up due to changes in asset qualities caused by such possibilities, recovery in output and credit become sluggish in response to an adverse financial shock. The dynamic implications of the model for the post-crisis period are investigated. This paper calls for further research to broaden our understandings in how legal settlements interact with banks' behaviors. In Chapter 2 (joint with Elisa Guglielminetti) I have investigated the time-varying property of job creation in the United States. Despite extensive documentation of the US labor market dynamics, evidence on its time-varying volatility is very hard to find. In this work I contribute to the literature by structurally investigating the time-varying volatility of the U.S. labor market. I address this issue through a time-varying parameter VAR (TVP-VAR) with stochastic volatility by identifying four structural shocks through imposing robust restrictions based on a New Keynesian DSGE model with frictional labor markets and a large set of shocks. The main findings are as follows. First, at business cycle frequencies, the lion share of the variance of job creation is explained by cost-push and demand shocks, thus challenging the conventional practice of addressing the labor market volatility puzzle à la Shimer under the assumption that technology shocks are the main driver of fluctuations in hiring. Second, technology shocks had a negative impact on job creation until the beginning of the '90s. This result is reminiscent of the “hours puzzle” à la Gali. In Chapter 3 (joint with Garence Staraci) I provide an additional rationale why creditors include covenants in their contracts. The central claim is that covenants are not only included as a means of shifting the governance from debtors to creditors, but also to potentially address the concerns creditors might have about how the bankruptcy law is practiced. To investigate this claim, I take advantage of the fact that covenants are nullified inside bankruptcy. This fact permits us to show that any change to the bankruptcy law affects the spread through changes that it brings to the contractual structure...

Malgré une amélioration significative de la place des femmes sur le marché du travail depuis les années 60, des inégalités femmes-hommes en termes de salaire et de position dans l’emploi subsistent toujours. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons à la fois des données d’enquête et des données expérimentales afin d’étudier ce problème. Nous réalisons tout d’abord une étude empirique sur données d’enquête afin d’identifier les déterminants structurels de ces différences femmes-hommes. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une part significative de ces inégalités ne peut être expliquée par des écarts en termes de caractéristiques observables. Nous faisons ensuite appel à l’économie expérimentale afin d’explorer deux facteurs potentiels de cet écart résiduel : la discrimination et les différences femmes-hommes en termes de préférences. Nous nous intéressons à la discrimination en réalisant une première expérience contrôlée en laboratoire. Nous observons une discrimination à l’embauche à l’encontre des femmes dans un cadre d’information imparfaite. Cette discrimination semble provenir du manque d’information à disposition de l’employeur, plutôt que de ses préférences. Dans une seconde expérience en laboratoire, nous mettons en avant les différences entre femmes et hommes en termes d’attitude face à la compétition. Nos résultats suggèrent que les femmes sont moins enclines à entrer en compétition, notamment car elles ont moins confiance en leurs aptitudes que les hommes. Si la discrimination est un facteur potentiel des inégalités femmes-hommes sur le marché du travail, nous montrons dans ces travaux que les différences en termes de préférences sont aussi à considérer. / Despite a substantial evolution in the participation of women in the labor market since the 60s, there still subsist significant gender inequalities in earnings and occupations. In this dissertation, we use both survey and experimental data to address this issue. We first undertake an empirical study using survey data to isolate the structural determinants of these gender differences. Our findings indicate that a significant part of these inequalities could not be explained by gender differences in observed characteristics. Then, we appeal to experimental economics in order to explore two potential factors of this residual gap: employer discrimination and gender differences in preferences. We first implement a controlled experiment in laboratory to address the issue of discrimination. We find evidence of hiring discrimination against women when information is imperfect. This discrimination seems to arise from the lack of information available to the employer, rather than from her preferences. In a second laboratory experiment, we shed light on gender differences in attitude toward competition. Our results suggest that women are less inclined to enter competition, especially since they are less self-confident than men. Although discrimination consists in a potential factor of gender inequalities in the labor market, we show in this dissertation that gender differences in preferences have also to be considered.