Magistriniame darbe aptariama priklausomybės ligų socialinė svarba, akcentuojama, jog dėl minėtos ligos kyla daugybė neigiamų padarinių visuomenėje. Pirminis efektyvios priklausomybės ligų prevencijos atspirties taškas yra kokybiškas teisinis reguliavimas. Nemažiau svarbus ir įgyvendinimo mechanizmas, kuris dažnai dėl įvairių priežasčių neįgyvendina prevencijos programos. Darbe analizuojama inovatyvi prevencijos priemonė – dailės terapija. Pateikiami jos naudojimo rezultatai, taikymo galimybės ir ateities perspektyvos, vykdant prevenciją ar gydant priklausomybe sergančius asmenis. Taip pat magistriniame darbe atlikta lyginamoji Lietuvos ir Suomijos valstybių prevencijos sistemų analizė. / In the Master‘s Thesis addictive diseases prevention system in Lithuania is beeing discussed. Author highlights narcologic disease dependency and social importance. Intoxicating substances can cause many negative effects on society. Also, addictive diseases prevention legal system and enforcement mechanism have been analyzed. Moreover, author represent innovative prevention method – art therapy in the addictive disease prevention system. After innovative prevention method the author presents comparative analysis of Finland and Lithuanian addiction prevention systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5450.pdf: 1280524 bytes, checksum: 606766e626f95b4754c9a362dda46cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / From the identification of a pocket of poverty in a medium-sized city in a city in the state of São Paulo, an incubator started university in 1998, a work of lifting needs along with the population living in a particular region São Carlos. Thus was founded in 1999 Cooperlimp. In 2009, the cooperative signed a Term of Conduct Adjustment with the Prosecution Office of Labor, in which it would terminate its activities until January 2011. The damage caused by this measure were taken multiple, deeply and profound. The aim of this research is to seek the Brazilian legal system, in general, if it would be able to meet the needs of Productive Associations, especially popular cooperatives and organizational structures of the Solidarity Economy. It shows the limits of the law, the limits of the understanding of the actors involved in the face of the challenges of Solidarity Economy, particularly the implementation of public policies, the relationship between legality and legitimacy, their territorial impacts and social consequences. / A partir da identificação de um bolsão de pobreza em uma cidade de médio porte de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, uma incubadora universitária iniciou, em 1998, um trabalho de levantamento de necessidades juntamente com a população moradora de uma determinada região do município de São Carlos. Assim, em 1999, foi fundada a Cooperlimp. Em 2009, a cooperativa assinou um Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta com o Ministério Público do Trabalho, no qual se comprometia a encerrar suas atividades até janeiro de 2011. Os danos produzidos por essa medida foram múltiplos, profundos e graves. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é o de buscar no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, de maneira geral, se este seria capaz de atender às necessidades do Associativismo Produtivo, em especial o cooperativismo popular e as estruturas organizativas da Economia Solidária. Apresentam-se os limites do ordenamento jurídico, os limites do entendimento dos atores envolvidos em face dos desafios da Economia Solidária em especial da implementação de políticas públicas, a relação entre legalidade e legitimidade, seus impactos territoriais e consequências sociais.

Le budget de l’État est au cœur du système financier, c’est donc à la fois un sujet économique et un sujet politique. Sa réforme implique tous les aspects de la vie sociale, politique et économique et tout changement mineur est susceptible d’affecter l’ensemble du système. La restructuration et la rationalisation des relations budgétaires entre les administrations publiques à tous les niveaux affectent la stabilité comme la prospérité ou au contraire le déclin du pays. Nous pouvons nous demander si l’amélioration du fonctionnement du budget de l’État permet de résoudre au mieux les problèmes économiques et politiques. Nous sommes également en droit de penser que les études sur la réforme budgétaire contribuent à améliorer la performance et la maîtrise des dépenses de l’État. Ces études contribuent à renforcer la capacité de macro-contrôle du gouvernement et à construire le cadre institutionnel des finances publiques. Enfin, elles permettent de prévenir les risques financiers. Il nous faut ajouter qu’au cours de notre travail, nous nous sommes attachés à mettre en œuvre les principes suivants : - Une combinaison de la théorie et de la pratique. - L’application des connaissances et des méthodes des disciplines concernées, telles que les sciences juridique, économique, politique, ainsi que la gestion et la sociologie. - L’identification de la réalité budgétaire chinoise et les exigences essentielles de la réforme. - Un enrichissement de notre recherche par la présentation et l’intégration des réformes budgétaires réalisées en France, aux États-Unis ou au Japon. / The national budget is the heart of the financial system, which is both an economic and a political issue. The reform of the national budget involves social, political and economic, all small changes could affect the entire financial system. The reform of the national budget affects the stability and prosperity of all aspects of the country, and also relates to the long-term development and rationalization of intergovernmental fiscal relations. Through these studies, we can understand the better functioning of the national budget system, and can deal with economic and political issues more effectively. We also have reason to think that the budget reform research can help to improve the efficiency of the budget and the control of the government expenditure. These studies will help to strengthen the ability of government macro regulation and the construction of public finance system. Finally, they can guard against financial risks. In our work, we must stress that, we are committed to implement the following principles: - Combination of theory and practice. - The application of knowledge and disciplines, such as legal research, economics, policy and management, sociology. - Fiscal reality of China, the basic requirement of reform and countermeasures. - We comb and reference the introduction and research of fiscal reform in France, the United States and Japan.

Le mandat de protection future est une mesure conventionnelle qui organise à l’avance la protection des intérêts patrimoniaux et/ou personnels d’une personne, pour le jour où elle ne sera plus apte à pourvoir seule à ses intérêts à la suite d’une altération de ses facultés personnelles. Celle-ci s’inscrit dans un mouvement de contractualisation du droit des personnes et de la famille, faisant ainsi primer la volonté individuelle. Le mandat de protection future est une innovation en droit français qui renverse les modes de pensées traditionnelles. La mesure de protection peut désormais être négociée par les parties qui fixent leur propre loi. La personne est associée à sa protection. Même s’il s’agit d’une institution souvent discutée tant sur le plan de la protection que sur la technique employée pour y parvenir (le contrat), cette mesure ne cesse de s’améliorer depuis sa création et le recours à l’utilisation lente mais progressive de celle-ci augmente au fil des années. Le temps sera un facteur déterminant pour apprécier les richesses de ce nouvel outil sur la scène juridique. / The mandate of future protection is a conventional measure that organizes in advance the protection of patrimonial interests and/ or someone’s personal interests, for the day this person won’t be able to take care about herself following an alteration of her own abilities. The latter is recorded through a movement of contractualisation of the right of people and of the family prevailing individual will. The mandate of future protection is an innovation in French law that debunks traditional ideas. Nowadays, the measure of protection can be negotiated by the parts that instaure their own law. The person is associated to her own protection. Even if it is an institution often debated from a protective point of view as well as on the technique used to make it (the contract), this very measure is in a constant evolution since it was created and the slow but progressive use of it is becoming more important through the years. Time will be a determining factor to appreciate this new tool on the legal scene.

Cette thèse traite de la faillite du système juridique dans les vieux fabliaux français. En comparant les fabliaux aux étendues légales de la période, il devient évident que les auteurs des fabliaux étaient en possession d'une connaissance minutieuse et complète du système juridique. Une connaissance qu'ils n'ont pas hésité à incorporer à leurs histoires. Pourtant ce sont les faiblesses inhérentes et les perversions récurrentes du système judiciaire et de la corruption de ses représentants qui se tiennent dans les fabliaux pendant qu'ils présentent une vision d'un monde dans lequel la justice est au mieux incertaine. Ces fabliaux offrent une critique fréquemment amère du système légal, tant laïc qu'ecclésiastique, aussi bien que de ses autorités dont le pouvoir de mains est tenu. Le monde fermé de l'épopée Chrétienne, absolue et immuable, mène dans les fabliaux à l'absence du point de référence qui peut être pris comme un donné. / This thesis treats of the bankruptcy of the legal system in the old french fabliaux. By comparing the fabliaux to the legal tracts of the period, it becomes evident that the fabulists have been in possession of a thorough and complete knowledge of the judicial system. A knowledge which they did not hesitate to incorporate into their stories. Yet it is the inherent weaknesses and recurrent perversions of the legal system and the corruption of its representatives which stands out in the fabliaux as they present a vision of a world in which justice is at best uncertain. These fabliaux offer a frequently bitter criticism of the legal system, both secular and ecclesiastic, as well as of their authorities whose power of hands is held. The closed world of the Christian epic, absolute and immutable, leeds in the fabliaux to the absence of point of reference which can be taken as a data.

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Modeling legal norms with computer programs Abstract The thesis is about the possibilities how to model programmable parts of law with computer. The goal was to create a working prototype of a computer model of a defined section of law. For this purpose the thesis set down a theory that included an analytical model of a legal system, compilation of the existing approaches in the computer domain focused on expert systems and representation Rules as Code and the factors to consider during the selection of a suitable domain to model. Based on that a custom logical model at the level of grammatical sentences was created, which was then transformed into a computer program. The thesis is concluded with the proposal to incorporate Rules as Code in the context of Czech legal and judicial system. In the theoretical framework the concept of a legal system is defined as a fundamental normative system, which claims itself to be both legitimate and enforceable. The thesis presents a model of legal domain usable for versatile legal systems, which covers phenomena such as collision of legal systems, metanorms, legal pluralism and finding of law by judges. It also describes how the content of law can be captured in a textual representation for modeling purposes in a legal commentary. A logical model of law based on...

Each year approximately 2,000 new detailed development plans are accepted in Sweden. When an area is covered by a new detailed development plan, it is often necessary that land has to be acquired to adjust the property units to the new plan. The owner conditions of the property units can usually be adjusted through negotiations between the seller and the buyer. But in some situations, when no agreements can be reached, it is possible to use coercive measures to purchase the land. Compulsory purchases are only permitted when certain legal criteria’s are met. The legal ability of compulsory purchases also affects voluntary negotiations since they function as "game rules". The compensations that are given in compulsory purchases then functions as a sort of minimum level of the compensations given in voluntary negotiations. The purpose of this thesis is to study the compensation that should be given in different situations when land is being compulsory purchased. Furthermore, the purpose is also to study the motives behind the legislation regarding compulsory purchases. In order to find an answer to the purpose of this thesis, a study has been made with a representative property unit. In the study, land was taken with coercive measures in four different situations from the property unit when a new detailed development plan covered the property unit. The four different situations were chosen to illustrate the differences between the given compensations. In the four different situations two different legal systems were applied. First, the existing legal system in Sweden was applied and then an alternative system based on principles that earlier could be found in the, now no longer existing, Act regarding development cooperation units (SFS 1987:11, lag om exploateringssamverkan) was applied. The result of the study shows that the compensation given depends upon the allowed land use in the new detailed development plan and upon which legal system that is applied. In the current Swedish legal system, the allowed land use for the specific property unit in the detailed development plan had the largest impact on the compensation given. In the alternative system, the total allowed land use in the detailed development plan was of importance for the given compensation together with what the property owner had contributed to the development area. / Varje år antas cirka 2000 detaljplaner i Sverige. När ett område detaljplaneläggs behöver mark vanligtvis förvärvas för att anpassa fastigheterna till de nya förhållandena. Ägarförhållandena kan vanligtvis anpassas via förhandlingar mellan köpare och säljare. Men i vissa situationer, om ingen överenskommelse kan nås, är det tillåtet att använda tvångsregler för att förvärva marken. Tvångsreglerna får bara användas när kriterier uppställda i lagen är uppfyllda. Även vid frivilliga förhandlingar fyller tvångsreglerna en funktion eftersom de då fungerar som spelregler. Lagstiftningens ersättningsbestämmelser utgör en slags miniminivå för ersättningens storlek. Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att studera vilken ersättning som betalas i olika situationer när mark tvångsförvärvas inom detaljplanelagt område och dels att studera de motiv som ligger till grund för lagstiftningens utformning. För att besvara syftet har en typfallsstudie genomförts där mark frångick en typfastighet för fyra olika markåtkomstsituationer när en ny detaljplan blev gällande över området. Situationerna valdes för att tydliggöra att ersättningen som utgår vid olika markåtkomstsituationer kan variera. I studien tillämpades både dagens ersättningssystem samt ett konstruerat ersättningssystem som baserades på den upphävda lagen om exploateringssamverkan (ESL). Framkomna resultat visar att ersättningen kan variera dels beroende av vad marken ska användas till och dels beroende av vilket ersättningssystem som tillämpas. I det nu gällande ersättningssystemet är den största påverkan på ersättningen vad marken får användas till enligt detaljplanen. I det alternativa ersättningssystemet är det detaljplanens totala utformning som styr ersättningsbeloppet tillsammans med vad respektive fastighetsägare bidragit med till planområdet.

It is well established in the financial economics literature that potential gains from international diversification are generated from the imperfect correlation between national stock market returns. This empirical study explores the factors that impede perfect integration among national equity markets by examining emerging markets data. The first major topic of the dissertation is to re-visit the debate on the relative importance of country and industry effects in the cross-sectional variation of stock returns. By applying the standard Heston and Rouwenhorst (1994) dummy variable decomposition method to $U. S. nominal returns from 11 industry sectors of 13 emerging markets from 1984 to 2004, this work confirms that country effects do play a dominant role in determining the cross-sectional variation in stock returns in emerging markets but since late 1990s, the industry effects have become increasingly important. This conclusion is robust even after the removal of three potential biases: inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate effects, all of which may amplify the country effects. The second topic is to investigate the debate from the perspective of stock risk. Stock risk is modeled and calculated independently from a return model with ARCH type errors. By applying the standard dummy variable decomposition method to stock risks, the empirical evidence is found to support the conclusions drawn on stock return decompositions. Finally, in order to find the fundamental sources of the country and industry factors, pure country and industry effects are then regressed on fundamental characteristics of country and industry. The findings show that the change in the variables representing the exchange rate can explain a substantial amount of the country effect variations, while at the same time, banking and stock markets development also contribute to the variations. The regressions also find evidence that the legal origin of the market does matter to stock returns. Regressions on industry effects are not as promising as the results of the country effects regression. Only the geographical concentration of industries is found to explain a small amount of the industry effects.

Jersey law, and within it Jersey property law, has received little academic attention. This thesis seeks to examine, and provide a systematic account of, the Jersey law of property. Specific aspects of substantive law are explored. From these, general observations about the nature and structure of property law are made. Unsurprisingly, given the small size of the island, Jersey has a relatively limited amount of indigenous legal material to offer, much of it in French. Inevitably, there are gaps in the sources and some way of addressing these has to be determined before a systematic account of the law is possible. Juristic writing and modern caselaw demonstrate consistent recourse to the laws of other jurisdictions when gaps are encountered. Norman law, modern French law, and English law (to a much lesser extent and mainly where it conforms to Roman law) are used in the cases on property law, and thus also in this thesis. Reference is also made to the law of Guernsey (Jersey’s sister jurisdiction) but the difficulties encountered in researching Jersey law are no less evident there. In areas such as the law of servitudes, Roman law is often referred to explicitly by the Jersey jurists and by the commentators on Norman law. The influence of Roman law is also evident in the division between real rights and personal rights, sometimes barely visible in Jersey law, and is also a general backdrop to the rules on classification of things. Norman feudal law remains vestigially in place but the structure of the law and its individual rules bear many civilian characteristics. For this reason, in addition to Jersey sources, Norman law, modern French law, and any other materials used by the courts, other jurisdictions with civilian systems of property law are also referred to, specifically mixed jurisdictions, of which Jersey is one.