Bakgrund: Depression är svår att behandla, och att behandlingen består främst av terapeutiska och antidepressiva metoder, trots att forskningen visar på att fysisk aktivitet är en lika effektiv behandling, och att år 2030, befaras depression vara den största folksjukdomen i världen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av fysisk aktivitet vid depression.  Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 8 kvalitativa studier, som har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats genom inspiration för en innehållsanalys. De kvalitativa studierna återfanns från databaserna Cinahl och APA PsycInfo. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier och åtta subkategorier. I denna litteraturstudie framkom huvudkategorier som “Goda hälsoeffekter av fysisk aktivitet”, “Hinder som uppkom för att utföra fysisk aktivitet” och “Hjälp till motivation”. Konklusion: Fysisk aktivitet upplevdes ge goda effekter vid depression och depressiva symtom. Personer upplevde hinder som gjorde det svårt att utföra fysisk aktivitet. Men också faktorer som kunde hjälpa till att stödja, motivera, kontrollera och få rutiner till sinvardag. / Background: Depression is difficult to treat, and the treatment consists mainly of therapeutic and antidepressant methods, although research shows that physical activity is an equally effective treatment, and that by 2030, depression is feared to be the largest public disease in the world. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patients' experiences of physical activity in depression. Methods: A literature study based on 8 qualitative studies, which have been quality reviewed and analyzed through inspiration for a content analysis. The qualitative studies were found from the databases Cinahl and APA PsycInfo. Results: The analysis resulted in three main categories and eight subcategories. In this literature study, main categories were "Good health effects of physical activity", "Obstacles that arose to perform physical activity" and "Help for motivation" emerged. Conclusion: Physical activity was perceived to have good effects on depression and depressive symptoms. People experienced obstacles that made it difficult to perform physical activity. But also factors that could help support, motivate, control and get routines into their everyday lives.

Initially, this work recognizes that college students often fail to understand or to appreciate the language of literature; therefore, a proposal has been developed that incorporates the typical methods and media of two academic areas--literature and oral interpretation--into a synchronized dual approach to the study of literature. Chapter I discusses contemporary problems of literacy in general; Chapter II explores the traditional teaching approaches of English and oral interpretation; and Chapter III develops a possible-literary communal effort by outlining a survey course in British Literature and presenting a series of exemplificative Writers Theatre scripts.Chapter IV reviews the associative problems that apparently exist between oral language and the written symbol and recommends that a companion project might demonstrate more fully the efficacy of an integrative approach to the teaching of writing.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the usefulness of oral interpretation in the teaching of English literature at the middle school level. Four areas of literature: poetry, short story, mythology, and drama, were approached through methods of oral interpretation and/or recommendations in the teacher's resource manual accompanying the textbook. A descriptive review was made of the response to the material by the students and the methods of presentation by the instructor. The primary value of approaching the study of literature through oral interpretation was increased interest and motivation among the students and their generally positive reaction to the methods used.

Background: Aging can mean weakness that affect the elderly's independence. When theelderly come in need for healthcare, example through nursing homes, home care or hospitals,the work needs to be based on promoting the elderlys independence. Aim: To describenurses' experiences of promoting the elderly patient's independence. Method: Systematicliterature study of qualitative approach with Evans (2002) analysis method. Results: Afterthe analysis, two themes and four subthemes emerged. Theme one describes strategies thatinclude preventive measures and participation. Theme two describes resources in theorganization, which includes internal resources and external resources. Conclusion: Thereare different ways for nurses to promote independence in the elderly patient. They can workpreventively so that the independence of the elderly patient can be preserved andstrengthened. Participation in the elderly patient was considered significant as this is almosta must for the elderly to have the opportunity to experience independence. Understanding aswell as reflection and evaluation are significant parts of the work of internal resources.External resources include collaboration between different professions and how theenvironment can be adapted to the elderly. Assistive technology for the elderly patient is anexternal resource as the elderly patient's independence is promoted.

Bakgrund: Varje år i Sverige utförs miljontals röntgenundersökningar av drygt 3400 verksamma röntgensjuksköterskor. Trots yrkesförberedande utbildning så visar tidigare studier på att de nyexaminerade upplever känslor av att vara oförberedda. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa erfarenheter av att vara nyexaminerad röntgensjuksköterska eller sjuksköterska. Metod: Litteraturstudie. Sökningar genomfördes i PubMed och Scopus. Åtta artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier med fem underkategorier: utmanas på arbetsplatsen med underkategorier, behov av särskild introduktion och möta orealistiska förväntningar. Sakna kontroll med underkategorier, chockad av "verkligheten" och lämnad med sin stress. Bemästra sin nya yrkesprofession med underkategori bygga självförtroende. Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån Patricia Benners teori, från novis till expert. Konklusion: Erfarenheterna grundade sig i vilka förväntningar som arbetsplatsen hade samt hur förberedda de var efter utbildningen. Hur de upplevde sin första tid grundade sig i vilket stöd de fick, hur deras självförtroende var och deras tillit till sina kunskaper. Stöd och introduktion hade stor inverkan på karriärstarten. / Background: Millions och X-ray examinations in Sweden are carried out by roughly 3,400 radiographers every year. Despite vocational training, previous studies show that new graduates' experience feelings of being unprepared. Aim: The purpose was to illuminate the experiences of being a newly graduated radiographer or nurse. Methods: Literature study. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Scopus. Eight articles were quality reviewed and analyzed. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories and five subcategories: being challenged at the workplace with subcategories, the need for a special introduction, and meeting unrealistic expectations. Out of control with subcategories, being shocked by "reality" and left with their stress. Master their new profession with subcategory building self-confidence. Based on Patricia Benner's theory from novice to expert, the results have been discussed. Conclusion: Experiences were based on the expectations at the workplace and how prepared they were after their education. How they experienced their first time was based on the support they received, their self-confidence, and trust in their skills. Support and introduction have a major impact on the start of the career.

Bakgrund: Magnetresonanstomografi (MR) är en växande diagnostisk metod som möjliggör bildtagning utan joniserande strålning. Trots Magnetkamerans många fördelar så kan den orsaka obehag och rädsla hos patienter. För att kunna vidareutveckla omvårdnadsåtgärder är det betydelsefullt att uppmärksamma patienters erfarenheter av att genomgå en MR-undersökning. Detta är viktigt för att skapa goda förutsättningar där patienter kan genomföra sina undersökningar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av att genomgå en MR-undersökning.   Metod: Litteraturstudie utifrån åtta studiers kvalitativa resultat. Artikelsökningen utfördes i databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL. Artiklarna analyserades baserat på Fribergs modell för litteraturöversikter.  Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var; uppleva kroppsliga besvär, uppleva känslor av olust och befinna sig i en främmande miljö.  Konklusion: För att främja patienters upplevelser av MR-undersökningar är kommunikation, anpassad information och känsla av kontroll viktiga faktorer. Detta skapar goda förutsättningar för röntgensjuksköterskan att främja patienters välbefinnande och trygghet. / Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a growing diagnostic method that enables imaging without ionizing radiation. Despite the MRI-camera's many advantages, it can cause discomfort and fear in patients. In order to further develop nursing measures, it is important to draw attention to patients' experiences of undergoing MRI-examinations. This is important to create good conditions where patients can carry out their examinations.  Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate patients’ experiences of undergoing MRI examinations.  Methods: Literature study based on the qualitative results of eight studies. The search for articles was performed in the databases Pubmed and CINAHL. The articles were analyzed with inspiration from Friberg's model for literature reviews.   Results: The analysis resulted in three main categories and eight subcategories. The main categories were experiencing physical discomfort, experiencing feelings of unease and being in a foreign environment.  Conclusion: To promote patients' experiences of MRI examinations, communication, tailored information and a sense of control are important factors. This creates good conditions for the radiographers to promote patients' well-being and security.

Background: Breast cancer is today the most common cancer among women in the world. For many women, a breast cancer diagnosis means a constant fear, stress, physical changes and low self-esteem that negatively affect their lives. The responsibility of the health service includes informing and supporting these people throughout the course of the disease. This literature study contributes to more knowledge about women's experiences of living with breast cancer. Aim: The aim was to describe women's experiences of living with breast cancer. Method: This literature study was conducted with qualitative articles. A total of 9 scientific articles were included. Results: The results were compiled into two categories. The first category is "women's experience of the body" which has under the category "body perception" and "emotional". Second category "women's need for support during and after treatment" which has under the category "insufficient support of care staff" and "increased need for support to protect mental illness and suffering in women". Conclusion: In order to prevent women with breast cancer from feeling unwell, increased knowledge and emotional support is required from both health care professionals and relatives. / Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är idag den vanligaste cancersjukdomen bland kvinnor i världen. En bröstcancerdiagnos innebär för många kvinnor en konstant rädsla, stress, fysiska förändringar och dåligt självförtroende som påverkar deras liv negativt. Hälso- och sjukvårdens ansvar ingår att informera och stötta dessa personer under hela sjukdomsförloppet. Denna litteraturstudie bidrar till mer kunskap om kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnorserfarenheter att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie genomfördes med kvalitativa artiklar. Totalt inkluderades 9 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet sammanställdes i två kategorier. Första kategorin är ”kvinnors upplevelse av kroppen” som har under kategorin ”kroppsuppfattning” och ”emotionellt”. Andra kategorin ”kvinnors behov av stöd under och efter behandling” som har under kategori ”otillräckligt stöd av vårdpersonal” och ”ökat behov av stöd för att förhindra psykisk ohälsa och lidande hos kvinnor”. Slutsats: För att kunna motverka att kvinnor med bröstcancer inte ska må dåligt krävs ökad kunskap och emotionellt stöd av både hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och anhöriga.

Med ett stort intresse för holistisk hälsa ville vi genom denna litteraturstudie synliggöra yoga som metod inom socialt arbete. Syftet var att undersöka hur yoga har provats som hälsofrämjande metod inom socialt arbete samt vilka eventuella effekter det haft på människors hälsa och välmående. Resultatet analyserades ur ett salutogent perspektiv för att söka förståelse för hur man genom yoga kan skapa och/eller upprätthålla god hälsa hos människor. Studiens resultat visade att yoga provats som metod för flera olika typer av klientgrupper och att yoga kan ha positiva effekter på människors hälsa och välmående. De positiva effekterna rörde både den fysiska, mentala och själsliga hälsan. Inga negativa effekter eller risker för människors hälsa och välmående framkom i denna studie och några tänkbara anledningar till det diskuteras / With a great interest in holistic health, we wanted to make yoga visible as a method in social work through a literature study. The purpose was to investigate how yoga previously has been tried as a method and what possible effects it has on human health and well-being. The results were analyzed using a salutogenic perspective to seek understanding of how yoga can create and / or maintain good health in humans. The results of the study showed that yoga has been tried for several different types of client groups and shown positive effects on human health and well-being. The positive effects affected both physical, mental and spiritual health. No adverse effects or risks with using yoga emerged in this study but possible reasons for this are discussed.

How do ELA spaces, here defined as classroom practices, curricula, and assignments, invite students to locate “their” voice? To enact one? To what extent do or might pedagogical approaches to and community norms for a class discussion; the possibility and opportunity to lean into uncertainty; the texts students read and are exposed to; and the kinds of writing assignments and different narrative perspectives with which they experiment each play a role in shaping that voice? The chapters that follow will explore occasions and sites where voice may be located in different iterations in the ELA secondary classroom. Based on student claims and written responses on which I report in this dissertation, ELA spaces emerge as a kind of laboratory theater for locating a writerly identity. The results of my research suggest that Harkness pedagogy; reading and writing in response to literature; dialectical journaling; essaying that embraces uncertainty; experiment and play with different narrative perspectives; and being in conversation with literature are all promising pedagogical approaches to ELA instruction whose aim is to help writers locate and develop their own writerly voice.

Bakgrund: I början av år 2020 konstaterades det att en ny pandemi drabbat världen. Sjuksköterskor har arbetat i frontlinjen av covid-19 pandemin och var den mest utsatta yrkeskategorin.   Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med covid-19. Metod: Elva kvalitativa studier utgjorde basen i litteraturstudien. Databassökningen genomfördes i CINAHL, PubMed och Scopus. Analysprocessen genomfördes med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell.  Resultat: Analysen resulterade i 3 teman och 11 subteman. Teman var: ‘En utmanande arbetsmiljö’, ‘Betydelse av stöd’ och ‘Påverkan på omvårdnad’. Konklusion: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade att sjuksköterskor hade flera olika erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med covid-19. Erfarenheterna var både positiva och negativa. Sjuksköterskors hälsa bör prioriteras, minskad arbetsbelastning och adekvat mängd skyddsutrustning bör finnas tillgänglig. Stödet från arbetsgivaren behöver stärkas. Det behövs vidare forskning kring sätt att minska arbetsbelastningen, för att ha möjlighet att arbeta personcentrerat. / Background: At the beginning of the year 2020, it was certain that a new pandemic had hit the world. Nurses have been working on the frontline of the covid-19 pandemic and were the most vulnerable occupational category.  Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with covid-19.   Methods: The literature study was based on eleven qualitative studies. The database search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus. The Fribergs Five- Step model was utilized in the analysis process. Results: The analysis resulted in three themes and eleven subthemes. The themes were: ‘A challenging work environment’, ‘Importance of support’ and ‘Impact of nursing’. Conclusion: The results of the literature study showed that nurses had different experiences of caring for patients with covid-19. These experiences were both positive and negative. Nurses' health should be prioritized, workload should be reduced and adequate amount of protective equipment should be available. The support from the employer needs to be strengthened. Further research on ways to reduce the workload is needed; to be able to provide person-centered care.