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No description available.

3rd grade -- Group discussion -- Literary elements (setting, plot development, characterization) -- Comparison charts, study groups, journals -- Shared meaning.

The goal of this project is to suggest a way to combine a functional curricula (domains) with literacy experiences.

Many studies have shown that an overwhelming number of classroom teachers are encountering increasing diversity issues in both the content of what they teach and among the students they are teaching The purpose of this project is to provide elementary teachers with a resource of multicultural literature that can be integrated into any curriculum, whether it is Language Arts, Social Studies, or story time.

This thesis explores issues surrounding the question of using a literature-based assignment to teach composition at the college freshman level. Following a review of the critical debate on the use of literature in the composition classroom, spanning the last five decades, a specific work of literature is used as the basis for a writing assignment to be given to a freshman composition class.

Since 1979 feminist scholars have misread key images in Virginia Woolf's 'A Room of One's Own'. They delineated the extended essay as a groundbreaking feminist polemic that advocates abolishing the literary patriarchy, expressing distain for John Milton as chief offender. Through rhetorical analysis and close readings of passages, there seems advocacy for change in patriarchial education and for opening of the literary canon to women.

The aim of this essay is to analyze the portrayal of the Romani people in 23 history textbooks marketed towards the Swedish lower secondary school between the years 1964–2014, but also which uses of history emerge from within these descriptions. During this period, the curriculum has passed through five different stages with varying approaches towards ethnic minorities. The method used to compare different textbooks, passages and time-periods was a qualitative and comparative content analysis based on a model by Professor Lennart Hellspong. This was supported by a theoretical framework focused around the typologies of uses of history by Professor Klas-Göran Karlsson. The findings show that Romani people are portrayed in similar themes or contexts over different curriculum-stages and many of the written passages focuses on the victimization and mistreatment of Romani by either Swedish or international actors. A comprehensive account of an objective and cultural history is only found in a few of the most current textbooks. The Romani and their history are often overlooked in favor of the majority society’s historical narrative if not a specific duty is charged towards their inclusion in the schools control documents. In the year 2000 the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities was ratified by the Swedish government and the subsequent revision of the curriculum made this inclusion a permanent fixture. However, some textbooks keep minority history brief and unsatisfying. The uses of history regarding Romani people vary over time and appear to be subject to the overarching sociopolitical landscape. An excluding and existential nationalistic narrative is identified to be common during the 1960’s but transforms towards a more including variety over time. Non-use and political-pedagogical use are both partial in varying degrees during all the curriculum-periods coupled with a perceived scientific presentation of historical facts, but not scientific use of history. The current curriculum introduces a widely moral and conciliatory use of history. This study confirms earlier research to an extent, but at the same time it extends to focus on the Romani people, a wider variety of books and a longer time-period compared with earlier studies on the subject. The findings open the possibility for future research on other Swedish or international minorities – or the Romani from other methodological or theoretical standpoints.

Inledning: Mammografi är en vanlig bröstundersökning där kvinnor mellan 40–74 år erbjuds screening av bröst med regelbundna intervaller. Kvinnor som upplever mammografi-undersökningen som smärtsam och obehaglig återkommer ibland inte till sina kontroll-undersökningar. Uteblivna kontroller kan leda till högre mortalitet i bröstcancer. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att kartlägga kunskap om faktorer som påverkar kvinnors smärtupplevelse i samband med screeningmammografi. Metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturöversikt som genomförts via databaserna, Cinahl och PubMed. I huvudsak kvantitativa artiklar har analyserats och kvalitetsgranskats. Resultatet från de granskade artiklarna har ordnats systematisk som underlag för analysen. Resultat: Studiens resultat var att den största delen av smärta och obehag uppkom under bröstkompression. Röntgensjuksköterskans kunskap om möjliga åtgärder som bemötande, information före och efter undersökningen samt individuell anpassning av undersökningen har betydelse. Detta kan göra skillnad för kvinnors upplevelse och bidra till en positiv upplevelse vid mammografiundersökningen. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att orsaker till kvinnors smärta vid screeningmammografi är komplexa. Tekniken för mammografi har utvecklats över tid, däremot upplever kvinnorna fortfarande obehag och smärta. Samband kan finnas med tekniken, röntgensjuksköterskans bemötande och brist på information till kvinnorna men forskningen ger inget säkert stöd för slutsatser annat än att bemötandet och patientkommunikation spelar stor roll. Det behövs mer forskning kring olika metoder för de åtgärder en röntgensjuksköterska kan använda för att lindra kvinnors smärtupplevelse vid screeningmammografi. / Introduction: Mammography is a common breast examination where women between the ages of 40–74 are offered breast screening at regular intervals. Women who experience the mammography examination as painful and uncomfortable sometimes do not return to their check-ups. Lack of control can lead to higher mortality in breast cancer. Aim: The purpose of the study was to chart knowledge about factors affecting women´s experience of pain during screening mammography. Method: The study is a general literature review conducted via the databases, Cinahl and PubMed. Mainly quantitative articles have been analyzed and quality reviewed. The results from the reviewed articles have been arranged systematically as a basis for the analysis. Results: The results of the study were that most of the pain and discomfort arose during breast compression. Radiographer's knowledge of enabling measures such as treatment, information before and after the examination and individual adaptation of the examination is important. This can make a difference to women's experience and contribute to a positive atmosphere at the mammography examination. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the causes of women's pain during screening mammography are complex. The technique of mammography has evolved over time; however, women still experience discomfort and pain. There may be a connection with the technology, the radiographer's treatment and lack of information for the women, but the research does not provide definite support for conclusions other than that the treatment and patient communication play a major role. More research is needed on different methods for the measures a radiographer's can use to relieve women's pain experience during the screeningmammography.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor har en viktigt roll inom palliativ vård i livets slut, där de inte bara möter och stöttar patienter utan även de närstående. Kunskap om närståendes upplevelser av palliativ vård i livets slut kan bidra till ökad insikt om deras behov och kan skapa en tryggare vårdsituation för både närstående, patienter och sjuksköterskor. Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av palliativ vård i livet slut. Metod: En litteraturstudie av tio kvalitativa artiklar om närståendes upplevelser. Resultat: Resultatet visade likheter som tydde på att närstående upplevde att tidig information var viktigt för att få möjlighet att förbereda inför en patients död. Resultatet visade att engagemang och attityder hos vårdpersonal hade betydelse för hur närstående upplevde sig sedda och trygga. Skillander i resultatet var exempelvis närståendes upplevelse av att vara delaktiga och vad som fick dem att känna besvikelse. Slutsats: Närstående upplevelser av palliativ vård i livets slut kan se olika ut och därför finns olika behov för sjuksköterskor att tillgodose. Genom att ta del av närståendes upplevelser av vård i livets slut kan en ökad förståelse skapas för hur vård i livets slut kan förbättras.