(v AJ) Nursing care for patients with dysphagia after stroke is nowadays a very serious problem. This disease is particularly dangerous for patients because of the risk of imminent aspiration pneumonia. In 2015, Czech Republic has developed a standard treatment plan for patients with dysphagia after stroke and following this plan a new screening method was put into practice, which would prevent aspiration pneumonia (Salt, 2015). This method is called THE GUGGING SWALLOWING SCREEN - GUSS test. After a positive GUSS test result a standardized nursing care should follow, which would involve the whole medical team (doctors, health nurses, speech therapists, physiotherapists and orderly). The aim of this work is to verify whether the GUSS test and subsequently the determined process of the standard treatment together with the nursing care meets and the needs of the nurses. Another objective is to verify whether the nurses would want to add, innovate or make necessary updates based on the already acquired experiences. Furthermore, taking into consideration the frequent collaboration of nurses with the speech therapists, this study also aims to evaluate and asses the cooperation between nurses and the speech therapists. The work also evaluates the effectiveness of the use of GUSS test in providing nursing...

The effect of aphasia varies across patients and consequently their rehabilitation needs may differ. Access to participation in today’s information society requires good reading skills and this should be considered in a patient's rehabilitation plan. However, there are currently no guidelines available regarding the treatment of acquired reading impairments following stroke. The national guidelines for stroke rehabilitation states that speech and language intervention should be given when necessary and requested. There are currently no national guidelines for aphasia treatment that target specific language functions. The current study aims to gather and review the evidence of reading interventions for people with aphasia. A systematic search was made in medical databases to gather relevant studies. A quality review was conducted for the 19 studies found and information about the different methods used for therapy was gathered. This was followed by an evidence evaluation of each method. Although most studies demonstrated positive results, only 3 out of 13 methods were found to have a moderate to high evidence base. The majority of the methods were supported by single-case studies or lacked in quality, making it difficult to draw any conclusion about whether those methods are suitable to use in the clinic. This result also reflects the focus of the evidence grading system (GRADE) on study design and questions arose of its suitability for this type of aphasia research. / Bakgrund: Afasi efter stroke är en symptomdiagnos som innebär språknedsättning av varierande grad och omfattning. Rehabiliteringen för personer med afasi (PMA) ska vara individanpassad och logopedisk intervention ska erbjudas vid behov.  Lässvårigheter är en begränsande nedsättning som kan bidra till att PMA blir mer beroende av sin omgivning. Idag saknas riktlinjer för läsbehandling vid afasi efter stroke och en översikt av existerande evidensbaserade metoder behövs för klinisk verksamhet. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att genom en systematisk litteraturöversikt sammanställa evidensen för behandlingsmetoder vid nedsatt läsförmåga och läsförståelse hos PMA efter stroke. Metod: En systematisk litteratursökning gjordes i utvalda databaser och 19 studier identifierades för kvalitetsgranskning. Metoderna som användes i studierna sammanställdes och en evidensgradering utifrån GRADE-systemet utfördes. Resultat: 13 metoder identifierades varav 3 metoder, Phonomotor Treatment (PMT), Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) och tekniskt hjälpmedel som läsbehandling, ansågs ha måttligt till starkt vetenskapligt underlag. Resterande metoders vetenskapliga underlag bedömdes som otillräckliga. Slutsats: Positiv behandlingseffekt sågs överlag i samtliga metoder men begränsningar i antalet studier, deltagarantal och studiernas utförande sänkte evidensgraderna. Resultatet angående användning av metoderna PMT och SFA, med starkast evidensgradering, ifrågasätts då det präglats av evidensgraderingssystemets inriktning på studiers design.  Metoderna anses även behöva mer forskningsstöd för att kunna bedömas som lämpliga behandlingsmetoder i klinisk verksamhet.

It would be favorable, during the clinical assessment of language in multilingual children, if the speech-language-pathologist (SLP)spoke all the languages of the child. This is, however, not always possible, hence the need for interpreter-mediation. Furthermore, it would be desirable if the interpreters used in clinical assessments of language are specifically trained. There are only a few studies concerning interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language and cognition using Conversation Analysis as a method, and no studies of interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language in multilingual children. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the interaction between the SLP, interpreter and child, in interpreter-mediated clinical assessments of language in multilingual children, with a specific focus on the SLP and the interpreter. Participants of the study were two licensed S LPs, three interpreters and two multilingual children and their caregivers. The study was based on three video recordings of clinical encounters and four semi-structured interviews. The video recordings were translated, transcribed and analyzed using the theory and method of Conversation Analysis, and the interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Analysis of the video recordings resulted in the discovery of three phenomena; the importance of preunderstanding of the working process of SLP, the importance of responsibility during interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language, and finally communication and language approach. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews resulted in the discovery of four phenomena, which, in addition to the ones already discovered during the video recordings, also included the importance of dialects. Strategies and challenges that the SLP and interpreter faced could be revealed from the phenomena discovered in the video recordings and the semi-structured interviews. It was suggested in the conclusion that challenges were caused by expectations on the interpreter, a lack of preunderstanding of the working process of the SLP, uncertainty regarding the responsibilities of the interpreter versus the SLP, and finally, the demands of a high level of language competence. Strategies that were used within the discovered phenomena were partially consciously applied by the SLP and interpreter. However, there is a great need for further knowledge and awareness of the processes involved in this clinical context, in order to obtain reliable and satisfactory interpreter-mediated clinical assessments of language. Lastly, it was discussed that the patient safety might be compromised if no consideration is taken regarding the investigated challenges and strategies.

The diploma thesis is oriented on special education. The main goal is to find out and describe whether and how is speech and language therapy established in regular kindergartens at the foothills of Orlické mountains. The work is divided into five chapters, four of them are theoretical and the fifth chapter is a practical one. The first chapter is focused on the way how the preschool education is organised in the Czech Republic. It describes the legislation system, clarifies the system of curricular documents established in our republic and mainly the framework educational program for preschool education. The second chapter describes the preschool-child ontogenesis including all aspects of his/her personality and it also depicts the child-speech ontogenesis. The third chapter is focused on the main types of impaired communication ability of preschool children. The fourth chapter is focused on the speech therapy intervention provided in the Czech Republic. The fifth chapter presents combined research, within which the qualitative method of dialogue and the quantitative method of questionnaire were used, together with non-structured observation and comparative analysis among kindergartens. The chapter defines the research goals and used methods, sets the hypotheses and the research sample. In...

I dagens mångkulturella samhälle ökar behovet av översättningstjänster inom hälso- och sjukvården. Det är vanligt att logopeder står inför utmaningar vid bedömning av flerspråkiga personer vid användning av tolk, vilket är ett vanligt sätt att underlätta kommunikationen över språkbarriären. Bristfälliga bedömningsunderlag på patientens modersmål och avsaknad av tydliga riktlinjer resulterar oftast i svårigheter att genomföra språkbedömningar på patientens samtliga språk. I denna studie undersöks hur metoderna kommunikationsassistenten Helen, besök med platstolk, samt besök med flerspråkig logoped förhåller sig till varandra vid simulerade logopediska afasibedömningar av arabisktalande personer utan kommunikativa funktionsnedsättningar. Studien vägleds av följande forskningsfrågor: 1) Vilka interaktionella praktiker för samtalet framåt vid problem för besökets progression i de olika simulerade situationerna? 2) Vilka likheter och skillnader avseende de interaktionella praktikerna återfinns mellan de olika simulerade situationerna?  Tre deltagare utan några kommunikativa funktionsnedsättningar fick delta i tre simulerade besök av tre logopedbedömningar för flerspråkiga patienter, där anamnesupptagning samt kortare testning med screeningmaterialet kortfattad afasiprövning (KAP) genomfördes. Deltagarna var två män och en kvinna i åldrarna 58-68. Totalt genomfördes nio besök. Multimodal interaktionsanalys användes för att undersöka hur kommunikationen såg ut under samtliga simuleringar. De interaktionella praktiker som fokuserades var kodväxling och reparationer.  Utmaningar inom samtliga simuleringar uppmärksammades. Besöken med den flerspråkiga logopeden tog kortare tid i jämförelse med besöken med Helen och tolk, vilket berodde på att kommunikationen var mer direkt. Under besöken med en flerspråkig logoped kunde reparationer enklare initieras och lösas. Vid de simulerade besöken med tolk förekom svårigheter med översättningen av materialet, eftersom testet som användes inte var anpassat för arabisktalande personer utan var den svenska versionen av KAP. Kommunikationsassistenten Helen hade en styrka i att kunna ge en enspråkig logoped möjligheten att administrera ett översatt test. Dock fanns svårigheter för logopeden att med Helen förstå det deltagaren sade samt initiera och lösa reparationer. Resultatet av studien indikerar att tolk tillsammans med kommunikationsassistenten Helen troligtvis är den bästa förutsättningen om man inte har tillgång till en flerspråkig logoped. Med hjälp av både en tolk och Helen kan tolkens språkliga flexibilitet nyttjas för att bland annat genomföra reparationer mer effektivt, samtidigt som logopeden kan behålla det medicinska ansvaret i testsituationen. / In today's multicultural society, the need for translation services in healthcare is increasing. It is common for speech and language pathologists (SLP) to face challenges when assessing multilingual individuals, often relying on interpreters to aid communication. Inadequate assessment materials in the patient's native language and a lack of clear guidelines typically result in difficulties in conducting language assessments in all the patient's languages. The present study examines how the methods of a communication assistant called Helen, an  on-site interpreter, and visits with a multilingual SLP relate to each other in simulated speech therapy aphasia assessments of Arabic-speaking individuals without communicative impairment. The study is guided by the following research questions: 1) What interactional practices facilitate conversation progression in the different simulated situations when faced with challenges? 2) What similarities and differences regarding interactional practices are found between the different methods? Three participants without any communicative impairments took each part in three simulated visits representing speech therapy assessment sessions for multilingual patients, involving anamnesis and testing using the screening material “Kortfattad afasiprövning” (KAP). The participants were two men and one woman aged 58-68 A total of nine visits were conducted. Multimodal interaction analysis was used to examine communication during all simulations. The interactional practices in focus were code-switching and repairs. Challenges were noted in all simulations. Visits with the multilingual SLP took less time compared to visits with Helen and interpreter, due to more direct communication. During visits with a multilingual SLP, repairs were initiated and resolved more easily. In the simulated visits with an interpreter, difficulties arose with translating the Swedish test material because the test used was not adapted for Arabic speakers. The communication assistant Helen's strength lay in enabling a monolingual SLP to administer a culturally adapted and translated test. However, there were difficulties for the SLP to understand the participant's answers, and their initiative to and resolving repairs using the communication assistant Helen. The study's results indicate that using an interpreter together with the communication assistant Helen is likely the best option if a multilingual SLP is not available. By utilizing both an interpreter and Helen, the interpreter's linguistic flexibility can be utilized to conduct repairs more effectively, while the SLP can retain medical responsibility in the testing situation.

This Masters thesis focuses on issues of Specific Language Impairment - SLI of children of pre-school age. It monitors and evaluates development of their communication and motor skills during their time in kindergarten. The theoretical part focuses on defining basic terms which relate to communication and communication disorder with the emphasis on SLI. The psychomotor and communicational development of child from birth to entering school is described too. Also how this all affected creating the Framework Educational Programme for preschool education. The aim of the empirical part was to observe four children with SLI during their attendance at a pre-school for children with specific needs. Speech and psychomotor development of these children and its changes in connection to their teachers' intervention was observed. Part of the research included interviews with children's parents and those are also evaluated. The survey was done by the qualitative method. We get four case histories. At the end was evaluated the aims of the survey and answered questions asked and summarized the results of my investigation.

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis is characterized by the history of logopaedics in the Czech Republic, the distribution of logopedic intervention and the organization of logopedic workers. The main subject of the thesis is to describe the requirements for the education and professional development of a teacher providing logopedic care both in the education sector and in the private sphere. It is also mentioned the division of logopedic workplaces according to individual spheres of education. The aim of the practical part is to map logopedic care in the South Bohemian Region. There is also a comparison of the current school situation. Further, the practical part is focused on workplaces where logopedic care is performed on children with cochlear implant. The diploma thesis is focused on the area of special education of people with hearing impairment, that is the second sub-focus of the speech therapist.

This thesis deals with children with impaired communication ability who are educated in regular kindergarden we use preschool also. The implementation of the research was selected as the research sample of 5 children with impaired communication abilities, specifically impaired developmental dysphasia. The theoretical part deals with the classification of impaired communication skills and the definition of developmental dysphasia. Comprehensively deals with the integration and education of children with ICA in regular kindergardens, preschool teacher quality and its role in the development of a child with ICA, focused on the development of children with developmental dysphasia. It also monitors the cooperation of kindergarden, parents and experts in the form of a speech therapist, workers SPC and PPC workers. The purpose of the research is based on interviews with parents, teachers, teacher assistants and direct short-term observation of the research sample in the form of 5 children with developmental dysphasia, who are educated in regular kindergarden to explore the learning process of a child with developmental dysphasia in regular kindergarden and map risks and benefits affecting his education.

The topic of this diploma thesis is speech therapy provision for seniors at residential care. The thesis consists of four chapters, three of which are theoretical, the fourth chapter is practical. The first chapter describes the old age, it presents basic terminology and it characterises the old age from the point of view of physical, mental and social development. The second chapter is concentrated on the issue of neurological speech and language disorders, their etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics and therapy. The third theoretical chapter describes the system of health and social care of seniors in the Czech Republic with an accent on the system of speech therapy intervention within the resorts of health care and social care. The fourth chapter is the research one. It is developed as a quantitative descriptive research, using the technique of a questionnaire sent to nursing homes for seniors in the Czech Republic. The research is completed by qualitative analysis of dialogues with speech therapists that provide speech therapy at nursing homes for seniors. The main objective of the research was to find out, whether and how the speech therapy is provided to seniors at nursing homes in the Czech Republic. The subchapters of the practical part present the research goals, set hypotheses and the...

Alla barn i förskolan har en rättighet att få sin röst hörd men denna rättighet är inte i allasituationer vare sig självklar eller enkel att iscensätta. Styrdokument för förskolan lyfter alladenna rättighet men i verksamheten visar sig grupper av barn där denna rättighet är svår attuppfylla. En av dessa grupper är barn i ofrivillig tystnad och det är den grupp barn som dettaarbete kommer att fokusera på.Syftet för denna studie är att inom förskolans kontext undersöka, kartlägga och synliggöra denkompetens yrkesverksamma inom förskolans verksamhet besitter gällande barn i ofrivilligtystnad samt vilka arbetssätt de nyttjar kring barn i ofrivillig tystnad för att gynna derasdelaktighet. Detta syfte ämnade vi att uppnå genom en studie av jämförande karaktär medsemistrukturerade intervjuer som metod för datainsamling. Vi har i denna studie genomfört sexstycken intervjuer med tre olika yrkesgrupper, förskollärare, specialpedagoger och logopeder.Studiens resultat belyser att det finns både kompetens och etablerade arbetssätt i förskolansverksamhet för att stötta barn i ofrivillig tystnad. Resultatet belyser dock även att det hospedagoger råder en osäkerhet kring begreppsförståelse samt om dessa arbetssätt är tillräckliga.De yrkesverksamma lyfter även fram en oro över faktumet att barn i ofrivillig tystnad inte alltidfår det stöd de behöver eller att detta stöd blir fördröjt på grund av att dessa barn beskrivs somblyga barn istället för barn i ofrivillig tystnad. Denna studies resultat visar på förekomsten avdetta, både på grund av kompetensbrist och ett sätt att bortförklara ett barns tystnad, och lyfterfram vikten av att begreppsförståelsen och kompetensen för indikatorer för ofrivillig tystnadbehöver stärkas inom förskolans verksamhet för att barn i ofrivillig tystnad ska möjliggörastillgång till det stöd de behöver och har rätt till. För varje barn har en rättighet att göra sin röst hörd. / To have their voice heard is a right that every child in preschool has but this fundamental rightis not always apparent or easy to realize in every situation or context. Regulatory documentsfor preschool all highlight this right but the preschools establishment however shows a numberof groups of children where this right proves difficult to fulfill. One of these groups is childrenin involuntary silence and it is this group of children this paper will be focusing on.The purpose for this study is to within the preschool context research, map out, and visualizethe competence witch staff within preschool establishments have regarding children ininvoluntary silence as well as the methodology which are being applied with children ininvoluntary silence to benefit their level of participation. This purpose we aim to achieve by themeans of a comparative study with semistructured interviews as its method of data collection.In this study we have done six interviews with three occupational groups, preschool teachers,special educators and speech therapists.The results of this study show that within preschool establishments both competence and wellestablished methodology exist to support children in involuntary silence. However the resultsalso show an insecurity among educators regarding terms and whether or not their methodologyis sufficient. The staff also emphasizes their worry over the fact that children in involuntarysilence far too often don’t receive the support they need or that this support is delayed due toinstances where these children are described as shy instead of as children in involuntarysilence. This study shows the occurrence of this both due to a lack of competence and as a wayto appropriate a child’s silence and thereby raises the importance of a strengthened knowledgeof terms and indicators for involuntary silence in preschool establishments to enable access tothe support these children need and have a fundamental right to. Because every child has a rightto make their voice heard.