[Truncated abstract. Formulae and special characters in this field can only be approximated. See PDF version for accurate reproduction.] Solar salt producers use solar energy to evaporate seawater as it flows through a series of ponds. The Shark Bay Salt solar ponds, at Useless Inlet in Western Australia, vary in salinity from that of seawater to four times seawater, over the pond sequence. Water column photosynthesis and biomass decreased markedly with increasing salinity along the pond sequence, while benthic productivity increased as cyanobacterial mats developed. Correspondingly, net productivity shifted from autotrophy to heterotrophy in the water column and from heterotrophy to autotrophy in the benthos. Both shifts occurred at intermediate salinity in the pond sequence, where there was low production in both the water column and benthos. Within individual ponds, productivity, algal biomass and physico-chemical conditions were relatively constant over the year of study. Transitions between benthic and planktonic production along the pond sequence were driven mostly by direct responses to salinity stress, as well as the formation of a gypsum crust on the pond floors at higher salinity (>120 g kg-1). This transition is similar to that which occurs in saline lakes undergoing anthropogenic salinisation and identifies critical salinities for the restoration of these lakes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlindoABN_DISSERT.pdf: 3710968 bytes, checksum: c4cde6ddc0e6d0da8c608ea0713d3c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / O controle sobre os processos erosivos ? uma necessidade constatada em v?rios segmentos da engenharia. A movimenta??o de terra necess?ria para a execu??o de taludes rodovi?rios, por exemplo, pode resultar em taludes de corte ou aterro vulner?veis ? eros?o superficial. Dentre as alternativas tecnol?gicas para controle de eros?o a utiliza??o de geossint?ticos se apresenta como uma solu??o potencial. A referida aplica??o encontra-se em amplo desenvolvimento em alguns pa?ses como, por exemplo, nos EUA. No Brasil, a especifica??o de geossint?ticos para controle de eros?o ? limitada pela aus?ncia de caracteriza??o desses produtos e de normas nacionais, sendo a ?nica fonte t?cnica de informa??o, os cat?logos dos fabricantes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho ? construir um equipamento e desenvolver m?todos de ensaio para caracteriza??o e avalia??o de geossint?ticos utilizados no controle de eros?o superficial, com base na ASTM D7101. Al?m de um simulador de chuvas, o equipamento ? composto por uma bancada de testes formada por: rampa de escoamento, mesa de suporte e n?cleos de solo. Utilizando a bancada constru?da, foram realizados ensaios para avaliar o funcionamento do equipamento e o desempenho de uma geomanta na redu??o da taxa de eros?o superficial. Os ensaios foram realizados com intensidades de precipita??o de 100 ? 4mm/h e 150 ? 4mm/h, durante 30 minutos, com intervalo de leitura de 5 minutos. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios sem a presen?a da geomanta mostraram uma perda de solo acentuada durante as chuvas simuladas, com uma iv tend?ncia de crescimento linear da perda de solo acumulada em fun??o do tempo de ensaio. Nos ensaios realizados com a presen?a da geomanta observou-se a a??o de prote??o do geossint?tico com uma redu??o da ordem de 90% da perda de solo acumulada para todas as intensidades de chuvas utilizadas / O controle sobre os processos erosivos ? uma necessidade constatada em v?rios segmentos da engenharia. A movimenta??o de terra necess?ria para a execu??o de taludes rodovi?rios, por exemplo, pode resultar em taludes de corte ou aterro vulner?veis ? eros?o superficial. Dentre as alternativas tecnol?gicas para controle de eros?o a utiliza??o de geossint?ticos se apresenta como uma solu??o potencial. A referida aplica??o encontra-se em amplo desenvolvimento em alguns pa?ses como, por exemplo, nos EUA. No Brasil, a especifica??o de geossint?ticos para controle de eros?o ? limitada pela aus?ncia de caracteriza??o desses produtos e de normas nacionais, sendo a ?nica fonte t?cnica de informa??o, os cat?logos dos fabricantes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho ? construir um equipamento e desenvolver m?todos de ensaio para caracteriza??o e avalia??o de geossint?ticos utilizados no controle de eros?o superficial, com base na ASTM D7101. Al?m de um simulador de chuvas, o equipamento ? composto por uma bancada de testes formada por: rampa de escoamento, mesa de suporte e n?cleos de solo. Utilizando a bancada constru?da, foram realizados ensaios para avaliar o funcionamento do equipamento e o desempenho de uma geomanta na redu??o da taxa de eros?o superficial. Os ensaios foram realizados com intensidades de precipita??o de 100 ? 4mm/h e 150 ? 4mm/h, durante 30 minutos, com intervalo de leitura de 5 minutos. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios sem a presen?a da geomanta mostraram uma perda de solo acentuada durante as chuvas simuladas, com uma iv tend?ncia de crescimento linear da perda de solo acumulada em fun??o do tempo de ensaio. Nos ensaios realizados com a presen?a da geomanta observou-se a a??o de prote??o do geossint?tico com uma redu??o da ordem de 90% da perda de solo acumulada para todas as intensidades de chuvas utilizadas

Uppsatsen analyserar Christina Wahldéns bok Fallen flicka (2009), Arkan Asaads bok Stjärnlösa nätter (2011) och Mats Berggrens två böcker Det finns inga skridskor i öknen (2003) och Din syster måste dö (2017). Böckerna behandlar hederskultur och dess problematik. Syftet med analysen är att undersöka hur hedersproblematik framställs i ungdomslitteratur och hur skönlitteratur kan användas i undervisningen för att upplysa elever om hederskultur och olika levnadsvillkor. Uppsatsen analyserar de roller som framställs i den valda litteraturen ur olika perspektiv. Det finns delade meningar huruvida hedersvåld som begrepp bör användas eller inte och det finns flera teorier om begreppet hederskultur och dess innebörd. Den analyserade litteraturen kopplas samman med Läroplanen för grundskolan, fritidshemmet och förskoleklassen 2011 som tydligt visar att eleverna ska utveckla förståelse för olika människor och kulturer. Analysen visar att det finns ungdomslitteratur som handlar om hedersproblematik men att det främst fokuseras på flickors livssituation samtidigt som pojkars perspektiv ej synliggörs i samma utsträckning. Analysen problematiserar också hur författarna framställer de olika karaktärerna och vad det kan få för konsekvenser.

No description available.

Mechanical overburdening is a major risk factor that provokes non-infectious claw diseases. Moreover, lameness-causing lesions often remain undetected and untreated. Therefore, prevention of claw tissue overburdening is of interest, especially by analyzing harmful effects within dairy cows’ housing environment. However, objective “on-cow” methods for bovine gait analysis are underdevel- oped. The purpose of the study was to apply an innovative mobile pressure sensor system attached at the claws to perform pedobarometric gait analysis. A further goal was the supplementation with accelerative data, generated simultaneously by use of two inertial measurement units (IMUs), attached at metatarsal level. IMU data were analyzed with an automatic step detection algorithm. Gait analysis was performed in ten dairy cows, walking and trotting on concrete flooring and rubber mats. In addition to the basic applicability of the sensor systems and with the aid of the automatic step detection algorithm for gait analysis in cows, we were able to determine the impact of the gait and flooring type on kinematic and kinetic parameters. For pressure sensor output, concrete was associated with significantly (p < 0.001) higher maximum and average pressure values and a significantly smaller contact area, compared to rubber mats. In contrast to walking, trotting led to a significantly higher force, especially under the medial claw. Further, IMU-derived parameters were significantly influenced by the gait. The described sensor systems are useful tools for detailed gait analysis in dairy cows. They allow the investigation of actors which may affect claw health negatively.

<p>Modern microbialites and microbial mats are the focus of ongoing research as they provide an opportunity to understand microbial-mineral interactions during carbonate precipitation and the generation of biosignatures that can inform our interpretation of the geological record. This study determined the natural abundance isotopic compositions ([13]C, [14]C) of the primary carbon pools and microbial communities associated with modern freshwater microbialites located in Pavilion Lake and in carbonate rich microbial mats on the nearby Cariboo Plateau in British Columbia, Canada. </p> <p> Natural abundance [14]C analysis of carbon pools associated with the Pavilion Lake microbialites demonstrated that structures were actively growing and that groundwater carbon inputs to the lake and microbialites were minimal. Rather, ambient dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was the primary carbon source for both microbial communities and recent carbonate. </p> <p> Isotopic enrichment of calcium carbonate within microbial communities associated with the microbialites was identified as a biosignature of microbial photosynthetic influence driving precipitation. Elevated oxygen concentrations and pH within the microenvironment of small, sporadic nodular microbial surface communities was concurrent with in situ precipitation of carbonate with δ[13]C values higher than predicted abiotic values and δ[13]C of bulk organic matter and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) that were consistent with a photosynthetically dominated community. Elevated carbonate δ[13]C values were also noted in the thin surface microbial mat recovered from shallow (11m) microbialites. These samples showed increased biomass during summer sampling periods as compared to deeper samples, consistent with expected high rates of photosynthetic activity due to higher light levels and temperature at these depths. These results contrast other recent studies of modern microbialite systems that identified biosignatures of heterotrophic influences on precipitation of carbonates. PLFA profiles demonstrated that the surface microbial mat community consisting of both photosynthetic and heterotrophic microbes was stable over seasonal and spatial changes in light and temperature. However, changes in microbial biomass with depth and season indicated that microbial activity and growth plays an important role in the development of isotopic biosignatures. </p> <p> Biosignatures of high levels of photosynthetic activity were also observed in carbonate, rich microbial mats that exhibited undersaturated p CO2 concentrations during the summer and DIC δ[13]C values enriched above values predicted for isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. Seasonal and annual shifts in the balance of heterotrophy and autotrophy in the lakes and microenvironment of the mat accounted for observed variations in DIC and associated carbonate δ[13]C values. In contrast to other organic rich microbial mats, bulk organic δ[13]C values were not enriched and the systems did not show evidence of CO2 limitation. Rather, these results indicated that low bulk organic δ[13]C values and large isotopic discriminations can exist under conditions of high DIC concentrations and carbonate content that provide a non limiting carbon source to replenish photosynthetic drawdown. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur samma historiska händelse kan ha olika betydelser i film. Idag är människor mer benägna att se en film om en historisk händelse än att läsa en historiebok, och detta innebär att vi måste lära oss att förstå de konventioner som används för att placera historia på film. Historiefilmen kan sägas besitta en palimpsestisk historiskt medvetenhet där lager av fakta och myt smälter samman, hellre än att skiljas åt. Men för att en historisk händelse ska passa in i filmens tidsram måste den bearbetas och detta resulterar i att vissa människor, händelser och rörelser prioriteras, medan andra utesluts. Därför undersöker denna uppsats vad som lagts till / uteslutits och effekterna på sammanhanget och trovärdighet, hur filmen hävdar sin autenticitet, och hur upphovsmannen påverkar trovärdigheten. Analysresultaten av två filmer om den kubanska revolutionen, visar att beroende på vilken del av den historisk händelsen som skildras, skapar filmerna helt olika berättelser med olika budskap. Medan filmen Che-Argentinaren (2008) fungerar som en hyllning av gerillanledaren Che Guevara som Kubas frälsare, visar en vänsterideologi och uttrycker USA förakt, skildrar däremot den andra filmen The Lost City (2005) revolutionens baksida. Den visar en högerideologi, familjevärderingar och USA som frihetens och drömmarnas land. Båda filmerna använder sig av liknande stilistiska strategier för att uppnå illusionen av autenticitet, och filmernas upphovsmän påverkar filmernas trovärdighet i olika grad. Vad jag i uppsatsen till sist menar är att historiefilmen inte bör tas som sanning, utan har en viktig roll som intresseväckare, som förhoppningsvis leder till att åskådaren blir intresserad av att söka sig mer kunskap. / This paper examines how the same historical event can have different meanings in films. Today people are more likely to watch a film about a historical event than to read a history book, and this means that we must learn and understand the conventions used to place history on film. The history film can be said to possess a palimpsetic historical consciousness in which layers of fact and myth come together rather than be separated. But for a historical event to fit within the film's time frame, it must be processed and this results in that certain people, events and movements are given priority, while others are excluded. Therefore, this paper studies what has been added/excluded and the effects on the context and credibility,how the film claims its authenticity, and how the author/filmmakers affects the credibility. The results of the analysis of two films about the Cuban revolution, shows that depending on which part of the historical event depicted, the films create entirely different stories with very different message. While the film Che-Part One (2008) serves as a celebration of the guerrilla fighter Che Guevara as Cuba's savior, according to a leftist ideology and the film is expressing U.S. disdain, the other film The Lost City (2005) however, portrays the revolutions backside, it shows a right-wing ideology, family values and the U.S. as the land of freedom and dreams. Both films use similar stylistic strategies to achieve illusion of authenticity, and the films' creators affect the films credibility in different amounts. What I finally conclude, is that the history film should not be considered as truth, but serve to arouse interest, which will hopefully lead the spectator to seek more knowledge about the historical event.

Med utgångspunkt i en ökning av så kallad klimatångest bland barn, är denna studies syfte är att undersöka och analysera ekologiska frågeställningar inom barnlitteratur och läromedel för mellanstadieelever för att se hur försöken att skapa ekologiskt medvetna medborgare görs, hur ansvaret mellan barn och vuxna behandlas, hur det hållbara samspelet mellan natur och mänsklighet problematiseras och hur hotet om undergång skildras och hanteras. Analysen genomförs med hjälp av en kvalitativ textanalys av de skönlitterära verken Kometen kommer av Tove Jansson och Slutet av Mats Strandberg, samt av fyra läromedel i SO- och NO-ämnen ur serien Utkik.Resultatet visar att texterna tar upp hållbarhetsfrågor mestadels ur ett människocentrerat perspektiv, men där människan samtidigt skuldbeläggs för klimatkrisen och där barnen åläggs ansvaret för att lösa den. Balansgången mellan att aktivera barnen och utbilda dem i hållbarhet utan att orsaka klimatångest visar sig vara svår att hantera. Skönlitteraturen gör det via skildringar om undergång, och läromedlen genom att uttryckligen beskriva hotet. En medvetenhet om vilket material som väljs ut och varför är ett nödvändigt didaktiskt förhållningssätt. / With basis in the increase of so-called climate anxiety among children, the purpose of the study is to investigate and analyse ecological issues in children’s literature and text books meant for pupils in grades 4–6. We examine how pupils are required to become ecologically aware citizens, how the responsibility among children and adults is handled, how the interplay between nature and humanity is problematised and how the threat of destruction is depicted. The qualitative text analysis focuses on the two novels Kometen kommer (Comet in Moominland, by Tove Jansson) and Slutet (The End, by Mats Strandberg), as well as four text books of different subjects in the Utkik (Outlook) series.The result shows that the texts describe issues of sustainability from a human-centered perspective, where man is considered responsible for the climate crisis and the children are enjoined the responsibility of putting an end to it. The balance between activating the children and teaching them about sustainability, without causing even more anxiety, seems difficult to handle. The novels use apocalyptic themes, while the text books expressively focuses on describing the different factors of threat. A conscious selection of teaching material and children’s literature – what? and why? – is a necessary didactical approach.

Having been introduced in Sweden in the 1980’s, one would perhaps have thought postmodern philosophy to be a thing of the past. As it turns out, the debate on postmodernism is still very much alive. But the term ‘postmodernism’ in 2021 is complex and sometimes misunderstood. In public discourse, the term has moved beyond its status as a continental philosophy or as a denomination for certain historical conditions of the late twentieth century. Today, it appears, people use ‘postmodernism’ as an invective for relativism, post-truth and ‘empty words’. Two books, published in 2020, even warn the Swedish people for a postmodern invasion of both the academics and Swedish government. The humanities, apparently, are especially corrupted by postmodern thinking. Is this true? As a rhetorician, I ask myself to what extent postmodern theory has had an influence on Swedish rhetoric in the 40 years since the discipline was re-established within higher education.  This essay examines course syllabuses, teaching material, Swedish articles in the periodical Rhetorica Scandinavica, doctoral theses, and the complete works published by Sweden’s eight professors of rhetoric. Early on, I found that there was very little information available about the development of  Swedish rhetoric –even less about a postmodern rhetoric in a Swedish context. Thus, this essay is to be looked at as both a history of Swedish postmodern rhetoric – the first of its kind – and as an examination of the occurrence of postmodern theory within Swedish rhetoric. I find that postmodernism has not, as opposed to the critics’ claims, played a key role in the development of Swedish rhetoric. Its presence has, however, significantly increased within the field of rhetoric since 2010, and I discuss why that might be. Further, I discuss what can be said to define the Swedish postmodern rhetoric, and what the future might hold for this specific branch of rhetorical studies and research.