Dans la Recherche du temps perdu, toute relation filiale est une relation où le fils fait inévitablement souffrir sa mère en commettant, selon Proust, une forme de parricide. La lecture des œuvres pré-Recherche de l’auteur, telles la nouvelle « La confession d’une jeune fille » et l’article « Sentiments filiaux d’un parricide » permettent de comprendre cette relation ambigüe, au cœur de laquelle se trouve l’amour incommensurable que ressent le fils pour le parent, un amour si intense qu’il en est étouffant. Dans ces conditions, le parent en vient à symboliser aux yeux de l’enfant la Loi contre laquelle il doit se rebeller à coup de gestes de cruauté. Le fils, s’il est de ceux qui peuvent soutenir la vue de leurs crimes, entre alors dans un cercle vicieux : par sa cruauté, il tue – symboliquement ou réellement – le parent aimé et il en jouit. Suite à ce sadisme, il ressent une insupportable culpabilité qui le mène à une dévotion masochiste encore plus grande pour son parent. Or, par le personnage du narrateur de la Recherche du temps perdu, Proust démontre que la seule manière de se libérer de cette douloureuse culpabilité, c’est l’Art. Le crime ultime qu’est la création excuse les actes de cruauté antérieurs et les justifie même. C’est la seule manière de transformer la souffrance vécue (issue entre autres de la culpabilité d’avoir pris plaisir à faire souffrir un parent aimé) en idées universelles, en œuvre d’art. / In A la recherche du temps perdu, every filial relationship is one where the son inevitably causes his mother suffering by committing, according to Proust, a form of parricide. The writings of Marcel Proust before la Recherche, such as the short story “A young girl’s confession” and the newspaper article “Filial sentiments of a parricide”, allow us to understand this ambiguous relationship, at the heart of which we can find the unmeasured love that the son feels for his parent, a love so intense that it soon becomes suffocating. Under these conditions, the parent comes to symbolize to the child “the moral Law” against which he must rebel, choosing cruelty as his weapon. The son, if he is one of those who can stand the sight of their own crimes, enters then in a vicious cycle: with his daily acts of cruelty, he kills – symbolically or in genuinely – the beloved parent, and he enjoys it. Following this act of sadism, he feels an unbearable guilt that leads him to an even greater masochistic devotion for his parent. Yet, through the character of the narrator of la Recherche, Proust demonstrates that there is indeed one way to free oneself from this painful guilt, and it is through Art. Creation, the ultimate crime, excuses and even justifies any previous acts of cruelty. It is the only way of transforming suffering (resulting among other things, from the guilt of having enjoyed causing a beloved parent any kind of suffering) into universal ideas, into art.

This study examines the responses of European intellectuals since the 1880s to an increasingly virulent and organized anti-Semitism in Europe, and the ways in which they sought to understand the character and origins of the hatred, and to fathom and work out the problems, terms and possibilities for Jewish identity. Focusing on the French figures Bernard Lazare and Marcel Proust from the time of the Dreyfus Affair and then on the Frankfurt School of social theory and Hannah Arendt from the period around and after the Second World War, the thesis argues that these thinkers created a common historical-psychological discourse on anti-Semitism, which attempted to confront, comprehend and explain the historically critical issues of anti-Semitism and Jewish identity. The study explores the discourse’s fundamental assumptions, insights, and arguments regarding the origins, character, and magnitude of anti-Semitism. It also analyzes its contentions concerning the contradictions, sources, and alternatives for Jewish identity. But, more, it claims that, despite their frequent perceptiveness, these figures’ interpretations of the two concerns proved limited, deficient, even deeply flawed. The thesis seeks to show that its intellectuals’ attempt to understand the twin issues was hence a failure to grasp and interpret them adequately, and to resolve them. It contends further that what impaired the authors’ engagements with anti-Semitism and Jewish selfhood were ideas that were fundamental to their thinking. These intellectual factors, moreover, connected the figures solidly to important historical contexts that they inhabited, thereby implicating the significant settings in the epistemological errors and defeats. These momentous ideas thus operated as both contextualizing and destructive forces—linking the intellectuals to their home contexts and transforming their understanding of their historic problematic into a misunderstanding. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-16 08:34:25.821

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Western Ontario, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).

Orientador: Maria Betânia Amoroso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T19:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulini_MarceloMottPeccioli_D.pdf: 1046965 bytes, checksum: f6ca68e63fa8b30e5d0253d075478896 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: No final dos anos 60 e início dos 70, o cineasta italiano Luchino Visconti preparava-se para realizar o seu mais ambicioso projeto: a adaptação cinematográfica de À la Recherche Du Temps Perdu, de Marcel Proust. Escreveu, com sua parceira de muitos trabalhos, Suso Cecchi D'Amico, o roteiro; os intérpretes foram escolhidos, as locações definidas. Por motivos vários, o filme não foi rodado. Desde jovem Visconti fora um leitor atento e fiel de Proust. Tal conhecimento e intimidade com o universo do escritor francês deixou marcas profundas no imaginário do cineasta italiano. Um dos criadores do neorrealismo, na década de 40, orientado então por uma visão marxista, Visconti começa, notadamente a partir de O Leopardo (1963), a filmar sob uma nova perspectiva, centrada em temas ligados à decadência de uma classe - a aristocracia - representada por uma família ou uma personagem nos seus momentos de agonia. A crítica acusou-o de decadente, a que ele respondeu assumindo sua concepção de decadência, reafirmando-a e intensificando-a até seu último filme, O Inocente, em 1976. A influência proustiana, assimilada ao longo dos anos, ficou mais evidente a partir da adaptação do romance de Lampedusa. Deleuze afirmou que Visconti era o cineasta do Tempo, e propôs elementos convergentes entre sua obra e a Recherche de Proust. Um desses elementos responde pela constatação de que a revelação e a consciência do que as personagens poderiam e deveriam ter feito de suas vidas, para dar um sentido a elas, chega sempre tarde demais, quando não há mais tempo para recuperar o que ficou perdido. Importante também são as reflexões sobre o estilo tardio, formuladas e ilustradas por Edward Said. Um estilo fruto de desilusão, desencantamento e impossibilidade de reconciliação e harmonia com a vida, principalmente quando ela chega ao fim. Proust, Visconti, Lampedusa, Thomas Mann, entre inúmeros outros, compõem uma constelação cujo desenho e relações pretendi mostrar nesse trabalho / Abstract: In the late 1960's and early 1970's, Italian movie director Luchino Visconti was preparing to carry out his most ambitious project: the film adaptation of Marcel Proust's À la Recherche du Temps Perdu. He co-wrote the screenplay with longtime partner Suso Cecchi D'Amico; the actors were chosen, the locations defined. Visconti had been an attentive and loyal reader of Proust from an early age. Such knowledge and familiarity with the French author's universe had left a deep mark in the Italian filmmaker's imaginary. One of the creators of neo-realism in the 1940s, and guided by a Marxist view, Visconti begins, notably with The Leopard (1963), to film from a new perspective, centering on themes related to the decadence of a social class - the aristocracy - represented by a family or a character in their moments of agony. The critics called him decadent, to which he responded by assuming his conception of decadence, to be reaffirmed and intensified until his very last film, The Innocent (1976). The influence of Proust, assimilated throughout the years, became more evident as from his adaptation of Lampedusa's novel. Deleuze affirmed that Visconti was the director of Time, and pointed out converging elements between his films and Proust's Recherche. One of those elements corresponds to the realization that the revelation and the awareness of what the characters might or should have done with their lives, so as to give them meaning, always comes too late, when there is no time left to recover what has been lost. Central are also his reflections on late style, as formulated and illustrated by Edward Said - a style that stems from disillusionment, disenchantment and the impossibility of reconciliation and harmony with life, mainly when it comes to an end. Proust, Visconti, Lampedusa, Thomas Mann, among many others, form a constellation whose design and relations this work aims at demonstrating / Doutorado / Literatura e Outras Produções Culturais / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

(in English): Our thesis is titled The Open Work? Swann in love and it's film adaptation. Our primary aim is not only to summarize the most famous theories about the openness of the work but also to apply these theories directly to the book Swann in love and subsequent comparison of the literary and film adaptation of the story. We have divided the thesis into three chapters. The first one is methodological overview. In our thesis we will deal with several phenomena from the field of literary science. We will be interested mainly in the character of the reader and the author and the different roles attributed to them by different theories. We will look closely at the differences between the empiric and model reader and the author, deal with the openness of the work, the difference between the subjects of the author, the narrator and the main characters, and we will also look into the theory of fictional worlds. We chose the work of Umberto Eco as a theoretical basis, but we also draw some ideas from the work of other literary theorists. In the second chapter, these theories will be applied to the specific passages of the book Swann in love. Let's get into the fictional world of Swan's love and watch the surroundings. We will try to conclude what the reader of this work should be, what mistaken...

Ce mémoire de maîtrise s’intéresse à la construction du sens des jugements esthétiques dans Le Côté de Guermantes, troisième volume d’À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. Le narrateur de ce texte, qui admire des créateurs comme Elstir, Wagner et Hugo, tout en méprisant les Vibert, Auber et autres Bornier, développe un riche discours esthétique qui entre en contradiction avec la plupart des goûts affichés par les personnages du roman, opinions artistiques majoritairement énoncées lors de longues scènes mondaines qui constituent autant un contexte favorable aux conversations artistiques qu’un obstacle à ce que Kant appelle la « pureté » des jugements. Le sens de ces derniers repose sur la présence plus ou moins voilée d’un code esthétique qui, traversant la Recherche, fournit au lecteur des instructions concernant la valeur des différentes unités esthétiques jugées ainsi que la manière de porter un bon jugement. L’analyse de la structure de ce système (que nous décomposons en unités, prédicats, modalités, paramètres et procédés) constitue l’un des aspects de notre travail, qui vise en outre à répondre à des questions suscitées par deux axes de recherche. L’axe esthétique, d’abord, interroge la position de ces jugements entre deux pôles : celui de l’ « esthétique pure » inspirée de la Critique de la faculté de juger de Kant, attitude qui cherche à émettre un jugement libre et désintéressé en priorisant les caractéristiques formelles des œuvres, et celui d’une « esthétique populaire » décrite par Bourdieu dans La Distinction, qui tend à juger les œuvres d’art à partir de critères employés dans l’appréciation des objets dans la vie de tous les jours. Notre axe narratif nous porte quant à lui à nous interroger sur les fonctions caractériologique et sociologique des opinions artistiques. Nous explorons ces questions en étudiant successivement les jugements picturaux, musicaux et littéraires du Côté de Guermantes. / This master explores the production of meaning through aesthetic judgments in The Guermantes Way, the third volume of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. The narrator of this text, who admires creators like Elstir, Wagner and Hugo while despising Vibert, Auber and other artists like Bornier, develops a rich aesthetic discourse that contradicts the taste of most of the novel’s characters, whose artistical opinions are mostly exposed in the long social scenes that constitute a good context for artistic conversations as well as an obstacle to what Kant calls the « purity » of judgment. The signification of these passages relies on the presence of a code that, across In Search of Lost Time, provides instructions to the reader about the value of the different aesthetic unities to be judged as well as about the right way to appreciate a work of art. The analysis of this system’s structure (broken down in units, predicates, modalities, settings and processes) is an aspect of our work, which also consists of two lines of research. First, the aesthetical aspect is related to the position of the judgments between two poles : the one of the « pure aesthetic » inspired by Kant’s Critique of Judgment, which is a way of trying to make free and disinterested judgments prioritizing formal characteristics, opposed to the one of a « popular aesthetic » developed in Bourdieu’s La Distinction, which tends to judge a work with the same criteria used in judging an object in everyday life. Then, our narrative line of research explores the character building and the sociological function of artistic opinions. We answer those questions by analysing successively the pictorial, musical and literary aesthetical judgments in The Guermantes Way.

Quel est le statut du corps aujourd’hui ? Quel est le rôle du sensible à une époque où la pensée de l’artificiel fait bouger les lignes de la communauté académique ? Cette thèse vise à déterminer comment les écrits de Proust ont pu contribuer à une culture contemporaine centrée autour du corps vécu et de ses modalités. L’écrivain, en tant que témoin privilégié de son époque, décrit la façon dont les dispositifs techniques affectent le « voir » du sujet à une époque d’urbanisation progressive des villes. Certains auteurs se sont intéressés à la dimension philosophique de la 'Recherche', la concevant successivement comme initiation (Deleuze, 1964), quête de vérité (Descombes, 1987) ou phénoménologie du sujet (Breeur, 2000). Si ces études ont le mérite d’explorer une « théorie du sujet qui articule de façon nouvelle et cohérente differents aspects de l’être-au-monde » (Leriche, 2004), elles se limitent néanmoins aux termes d’une identité impossible et semblent passer à côté de la présence d’un monde intracorporel si fondamentale dans l’écriture de la 'Recherche'. Ce projet entend interroger cet impensé, en partant de l’hypothèse selon laquelle nous assistons avec Proust à l’émergence d’une nouvelle pensée du corps. En s’appuyant sur les lectures successives du corps au XXe siècle (réflexion sur la technique à l’époque contemporaine, l’ontologie tardive de Merleau-Ponty, les sciences cognitives au début des années 1990), nos analyses s’inscrivent dans une histoire précise. Dans un premier chapitre, il sera montré comment la crise de la représentation contribue à l’émergence d’un espace corporel. Il s’agira ensuite de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’apport de la phénoménologie dans la France de l’après-guerre contribue à une refonte de l’expérience corporelle. Nous verrons en particulier comment certains détails sensibles (l’incarnat, le visage humain, la palpation tactile du regard) esquissent la voie d’une intercorporéité. Le troisième chapitre nous permettra d’intégrer différents corps de savoir dans nos analyses en soulignant comment l’opacité de l’expérience corporelle peut profiter d’un éclairage épistémologique. Enfin, il nous faudra dans un dernier temps élargir notre enquête au problème de l’expression et au rapport entre corps et énonciation. / What is the status of the body today ? What is the role of the sensible world at a time when the thought of the artificial is shifting the lines of the academic community ? This thesis aims to determine how Proust’s writings have contributed to a contemporary culture centred around the lived body and its modalities. The writer, as a privileged witness of his time, describes how technical devices affect the subject’s “seeing” in a period of overwhelming urbanization. Some authors have taken an interest in the philosophical dimension of 'Remembrance of Things Past', conceiving it successively as initiation (Deleuze, 1964), search for truth (Descombes, 1987) or phenomenology of the subject (Breeur, 2000). If these studies have the merit of exploring a “theory of the subject that articulates in a new and coherent way different aspects of being in the world” (Leriche, 2004), they are nevertheless limited to the terms of an impossible identity and seem to miss the presence of an intracorporeal world that is so fundamental in Proust’s writing. This project intends to question this unthought, based on the hypothesis that we are witnessing with Proust the emergence of a new way of thinking about the body. Building on the successive readings of the body in the 20th century (reflection on technique in the contemporary era, Merleau-Ponty’s late ontology, cognitive sciences in the early 1990s), our analyses have a precise history. In a first chapter, it will be shown how the crisis of representation contributes to the emergence of a corporeal space. It will then be a question of determining the extent to which phenomenology in post-war France contributes to a recasting of bodily experience. We will see in particular how certain sensitive details (incarnateness, the human face, the tactile palpation of the gaze) sketch the way to an intercorporeality. The third chapter will allow us to integrate different bodies of knowledge in our analyses by underlining how the opacity of body experience can benefit from an epistemological lighting. Finally, we will have to extend our investigation to the problem of expression and to the relationship between body and enunciation.

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This paper aims to analyze the important role of the reception of music in Marcel Proust's novel À la recherche du temps perdu. This analysis is founded on a theoretical framework inspired by critical theory and theory of critical ideology, where important theorists are Theodor W. Adorno, Fredric Jameson, and Slavoj Zizek. By drawing on these theorists, the firsts two analytical parts of this study shows how the reception of music in the novel creates supplements that reinforce hegemonic ideological consciousness, and how the reception of music also has a thematic role in revealing how these different ideological consciousnesses permeate social relations to both music and other people. In the final analytical part of the work, the study can further conclude that the Bildung of the novel, which constitutes the basic thematic structure of the whole novel, is based on breaking away from these two ideological consciousnesses, and freeing the music from the supplements that permeate the reception of the music in the novel, by making a sovereign gesture of liberation by exposing this process, so as to be able to take a critical approach to those ideological consciousnesses whose ideological theatricality prevents music, and in the long run involuntary memory, from mediating a true philosophical discovery of the nature of subjectivity

Winsor McCay drew delightful drawings about the dreams of a Welsh rarebit fiend, 'rare bits' inspired by an overindulgence in cheese. Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend was a Saturday cartoon that appeared in the New York Evening Telegram from 1904 to 1911, psychic twin to Little Nemo in Slumberland that appeared concurrently in the Sunday Funnies of the New York Herald from 1905-1911. 'Slumberland' was a Neo-classical fantasy that closely resembled the idealized White City of the Chicago World's Fair (1893), that inspired the architecture of Coney Island's Dreamland (1905-1911), which beckoned to McCay as he drew from his house just across Sheepshead Bay in Brooklyn. The capricious side of this Architecture emerged in McCay's cartoons. A self-taught illustrator, McCay began his career in Detroit working in dime museums, worlds of wonder—filled with monsters—dioramas and sideshow performers whose livelihood depended on their ability to amaze an audience. Just this sort of rare and gifted fellow, McCay parlayed his entertaining lampoonery of Slumberland into some of the world's first animations on vaudeville. As with the Rarebit Fiend, Little Nemo's dreams were brought on by overindulgence, in his case of too many donuts or Huckleberry Pie. But, this was merely a pretense for McCay's fantastical 'dream' mode of thinking, a potentially useful body of knowledge that was simultaneously explored by Sigmund Freud, Henri Bergson and Marcel Proust, who linked the mechanisms employed by the unconscious in dreaming to those at play in wit. Architectural drawing—seen through McCay's cartoons and early animations—has a kind of 'gastronomical' alchemy that inadvertently became a treatise on the architectural imagination. Fiend and Little Nemo affected the psychic mood of early modern Architecture—its 'childhood' in the milieu of White Cities—that was both added to and commented on by Winsor McCay's pen. His cartoons portray the hidden 'flavors' of the buildings springing up a century ago. This 'other'—surreal—aspect of the White Cities, seasoned with whirling iron Ferris wheels and Flip-Flop rides, newly invented elevators and electric lights—and even fun house mirrors that made buildings suddenly seem very tall—were the ingredients that caused the fiend and Nemo to wake up, which ultimately became the culinary school of modern Architecture. McCay's 'fiendish' depictions show us that the right blend of humor and awe is a recipe for happiness. / Doctor of Philosophy / Winsor McCay made cartoons of the 'nightmares' of a Rarebit Fiend with a witty, unflinching eye for detail. Those illustrations became a psychic twin to the architectural fantasies of a little boy in the 'funnies' section of the New York newspapers from 1905-1911. Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend and Little Nemo in Slumberland continue to entertain and edify us, while inadvertently acting as a guide to how the imagination works. McCay's celebrity as a cartoonist also led him to become one of the world's first animators, amazing vaudeville audiences with depictions of Little Nemo that were suddenly larger than life, illuminated, and mobile. Dreams were rediscovered in the early twentieth century as useful bodies of knowledge for understanding the self, seen through the writings of Sigmund Freud, Henri Bergson and Marcel Proust, who linked the mechanisms employed by the unconscious 'dreamer' to those at play in wit. That thinking was surrounded by the atmosphere in McCay's comedic sequential images, which in turn inspired the iconic dreamlike silent movies of Buster Keaton. A look at the birth of these art forms a hundred years ago provides insight into the psychic mood of early modern Architecture, but also to the imagining of today's world (both material and virtual) using the digital tools that are just being invented. Although McCay's cartoons are fiendish, they sustain the balance between dreaming and humor that is essential to imagining a happy modern life.