The purpose of this essay is to study the two cases ”The hijacking of a bus in Årdal” & ”The double murder in Ljungsbro” from media ethics aspects.  The aim for this study is to clear up if the the Swedish newspapers have reported according to the mediaethic rules and to see if there is any  differences between the newspapers reporting. The following theories has been used to reach the objective: the journalism task, news values, the liberty of press and speach, media ethical rules and discursive discrimination. The study has used a critical discourse method formed by Teun a. van Dijk to analyse the material, mainly through macro- and microstructures. The material that has been analyzed are articles from Expressen, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. From each happening, two articles per newspaper has been selected by a toss, which ended up with sixteen articles for the whole study. The result and analysis are introduced in packedges, contaning two articles per newspaper and are devided into the two different cases the study examines.  The result indicate that Expressen and Aftonbladet has breached the media ethic rules in both cases when focusing on the one of the swedish victims in Årdal and also when reporting about the suspect murderer in Ljungsbro. The basic journalistic ideals and values has been ignored, for the interest of producing sensational news.

I denna uppsats undersöks hur syrier och syriska flyktingar har porträtteras i fyra bilder som publicerats i svenska dagstidningar, utifrån frågeställningar om just framställning, vilket kontext som framkommer från artiklarna som bilden publicerats i och huruvida publiceringen av bilderna kan anses etiskt försvarbara. Bilderna som analyseras är bland annat fotot på Alan Kurdi, och tre andra, starka nyhetsbilder. Metoden som använts är kvalitativ, huvudsakligen bildanalys med hjälp av semiotik och steg skapade av Terje Hillesund som behandlar bland annat denotation och konnotation, men även ideologi. För att kunna analysera den kontext som bilderna publicerats i (det vill säga artiklarna) har diskursanalys använts. Teorin som bilderna och texterna undersöks genom är filosofen Emmanuel Levinas ansvarsmoral. Resultatet visar att tack vare den distans som personerna avbildas med tillåter man dessa personer respekt. Men barnen i artiklarna beskrivs utan att nämna vanliga barnaktiviteter som exempelvis lek, vilket fråntar dem en traditionell barnroll och särskiljer dem från svenska barn. Gällande den etiska frågan framkommer flera olika sidor, bland annat att bilderna kan väcka ansvar hos den som ser på bilden – ge dem ett val att ta det ansvaret och rikta uppmärksamheten mot kriget i Syrien, men mer problematiska sidor blev tydliga som att barnen i texterna är passiva aktörer. Slutligen framkom det i en intervju med Aftonbladets utrikesredaktör Martin Schori att tidningen var mer försiktig i publicering av bilder från exempelvis terrorattentatet i Stockholm i april och foton från krigets Syrien.

This thesis addresses the objective of formulating a moral-philosophically credible media ethics by encompassing two main dimensions: the examination of existing media-ethical models and the integration of sustainable arguments through utilizing eco-religious epistemology to overcome identified challenges. By incorporating eco-critical perspectives within the Media ecology tradition, which studies media as environments, the thesis proposes a creative intersection between established media theories and a theological tradition that tackles profound questions about humanity's place in the world. The initial section of the thesis analyzes moral-philosophical concepts within the media ethics frameworks proposed by three ethicists; Susanne Wigorts Yngvesson; Clifford G. Christians and Sandra L. Borden. While all three endorse universal values, they offer distinct frameworks for both understanding the ontology of universals and how these are contextualized in the journalistic community. Christians' moral epistemological theories,particularly regarding the ethics of being and Proto-norms have generated significant controversy and scholarly debate on the necessity and intellectual credibility of defending universal values in media ethics. Critical perspectives from this discourse are presented and evaluated as a complement to the analysis of Christians' media-ethical model. In exploring sustainable moral-philosophical arguments, the thesis suggests that moral claims can exhibit both universal and contextual characteristics. It suggests that a media-ethical model should integrate universal values with a communitarian perspective on journalists'moral responsibility. However, understanding the interplay between the contextual and universal dimensions of ethical values requires engaging in critical moral-philosophical theory. In addition, critical perspectives on technology and ideas of space and time need to be addressed in new ways. Thus, eco-religious epistemology, as advocated by ethicist and theologian Whitney Bauman, is proposed as a creative means to understand moral-philosophical questions regarding space/time, contextualism/universalism, and technology within media ethics.

The journalist’s responsibility to the public is to deliver objective and impartial news, but during the height of the societal and feminist Metoo-movement, the content of newspaper publications varied significantly. This variation was influenced partially  by the human factor, ownership, and established guidelines regarding the publication of names at the newspapers.  This study aims to clarify the ethical deliberations behind the publication of names in the news media, specifically at four of Sweden's largest newspapers, Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen. For this, a qualitative interview and a qualitative text analysis method has been used, the answers were subsequently analyzed based on the agenda setting-theory, consequence neutrality and the social responsibility methodology. One respondent was chosen from each newspaper and was asked about ethical deliberations, what makes a name publication viable, what consequences might come of it and how they interpret the newspapers’ actions surrounding the publications about Benny Fredriksson. The case of Benny Fredriksson is used as a concrete example whereas it led to extensive ethical discussions in the Swedish press. The study also examines how newspapers’ publications and ethical deliberations differ from each other. The conclusion comes to that there is a difference between them, not only in how they published 2017, but additionally how they argue now. Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, all base their arguments in a social responsibility theory, while Expressen lean towards a consequences neutrality perspective.

Abstract "The devil lies in the details": Ethical considerations behind Swedish newsrooms reporting on gang crime – A qualitative interview study with responsible editors. This study investigates how Swedish newsrooms, through their editors-in-chief, manage ethical considerations in reporting on gang-related crime. With a combination of qualitative interviews, literature review, theoretical framework including the Social Responsibility Theory by the Hutchins Commission and the Theory of Consequence Neutrality by Erik Fichtelius, which help understand the ethical dilemmas and processes editors face. The essay explores how editors-in-chief balance the need to inform the public with the responsibility to avoid unnecessary fear and stigmatization. The study addresses the following questions: How do editors-in-chief ensure ethical reporting on gang-related crime? What ethical considerations are made by Swedish newsrooms when choosing to report on gang-related incidents? How do societal expectations shape local newsroom reporting on gang crime? The findings reveal that editors-in-chief face significant challenges in navigating ethical dilemmas, such as avoiding glorification of criminal lifestyles and managing the potential impact of their reporting on public perception. Ethical considerations in sensitive publications are paramount, with editors carefully weighing the impact of naming and picturing individuals involved in gang crime. Editors emphasize the importance of ethical guidelines and the need for a careful, balanced approach to reporting that respects personal integrity and avoids sensationalism. The study also identifies areas for future research and development, emphasizing the importance of continuous adaptation to the evolving media landscape and societal expectations. Keywords: gang crime, media ethics, news reporting, editors-in-chief, public perception.