Na década de 80, um programa intitulado Language Awareness (Conscientização Linguística) surgiu na Inglaterra a fim de contribuir com a aprendizagem da língua materna. Porém, logo em seguida, passou a ser integrado também no ensino de L2. O termo “Conscientização Linguística”, de acordo com Donmall (1985, p. 7) refere- se à sensibilidade e à consciência do individuo sobre a natureza da linguagem e seu papel na vida humana. O presente estudo visa a discutir o conceito de Conscientização Linguística (CL) como uma possível prática de ensino em aulas de alemão como língua adicional em contextos bilíngues. Através de embasamento teórico, foram desenvolvidas e adaptadas atividades pedagógicas com foco na promoção da conscientização e da pluralidade linguística, para, em seguida, testá-las em duas escolas de comunidades bilíngues português-hunsrückisch da região serrana do Rio Grande do Sul. Além da própria testagem, foram instrumentos metodológicos da pesquisa: observações em sala de aula, realizadas previamente, para uma sondagem do contexto pesquisado e entrosamento com os participantes e questionários, para a coleta de dados, a fim de traçar um perfil dos alunos e professores envolvidos na pesquisa, observar os efeitos imediatos das aulas de CL, bem como envolver a participação da família, tendo em vista que foi solicitado aos alunos o preenchimento do questionário em casa. O objetivo deste trabalho é apontar caminhos que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de atitudes positivas do aluno diante da diversidade linguística em que se encontra (incluindo, neste caso, as línguas minoritárias) e para a formação de uma pedagogia de conscientização linguística, que permita se partir das línguas e culturas locais, para alcançar o aprendizado de outras línguas que lhes venham a despertar interesse. / In the 1980's, a program entitled Language Awareness emerged in England in order to contribute to the learning of the mother tongue. However it began shortly thereafter to be integrated also in L2 teaching. The term "language awareness" (LA), according to Donmall (1985, p. 7) refers to the individual’s sensitivity and awareness about the nature of language and its role in human life. The present study aims at discussing the concept of Language Awareness as a possible practice of teaching German as an additional language in bilingual contexts. Based on theoretical grounding, educational activities focusing on promoting awareness and linguistic plurality have been developed, adapted and tested in two bilingual schools of Portuguese-Hunsrückisch communities in the mountain region of Rio Grande do Sul. Besides the testing itself, the following methodological tools of research were employed: previously conducted classroom observations, in order to assess the context researched and rapport with participants, as well as questionnaires to collect data in order to draw a profile of the students and teachers involved in the research, observe the immediate effects of LA classes and engage family participation, given that students were asked to complete the questionnaire at home. The objective of this paper is twofold: to present ways that contribute to the development of positive attitudes of students with linguistic diversity (including, in this case, minority languages) and the formation of a pedagogy of language awareness which, starting from the local languages and cultures, enables the learning of other languages that might arouse their interest.

Na década de 80, um programa intitulado Language Awareness (Conscientização Linguística) surgiu na Inglaterra a fim de contribuir com a aprendizagem da língua materna. Porém, logo em seguida, passou a ser integrado também no ensino de L2. O termo “Conscientização Linguística”, de acordo com Donmall (1985, p. 7) refere- se à sensibilidade e à consciência do individuo sobre a natureza da linguagem e seu papel na vida humana. O presente estudo visa a discutir o conceito de Conscientização Linguística (CL) como uma possível prática de ensino em aulas de alemão como língua adicional em contextos bilíngues. Através de embasamento teórico, foram desenvolvidas e adaptadas atividades pedagógicas com foco na promoção da conscientização e da pluralidade linguística, para, em seguida, testá-las em duas escolas de comunidades bilíngues português-hunsrückisch da região serrana do Rio Grande do Sul. Além da própria testagem, foram instrumentos metodológicos da pesquisa: observações em sala de aula, realizadas previamente, para uma sondagem do contexto pesquisado e entrosamento com os participantes e questionários, para a coleta de dados, a fim de traçar um perfil dos alunos e professores envolvidos na pesquisa, observar os efeitos imediatos das aulas de CL, bem como envolver a participação da família, tendo em vista que foi solicitado aos alunos o preenchimento do questionário em casa. O objetivo deste trabalho é apontar caminhos que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de atitudes positivas do aluno diante da diversidade linguística em que se encontra (incluindo, neste caso, as línguas minoritárias) e para a formação de uma pedagogia de conscientização linguística, que permita se partir das línguas e culturas locais, para alcançar o aprendizado de outras línguas que lhes venham a despertar interesse. / In the 1980's, a program entitled Language Awareness emerged in England in order to contribute to the learning of the mother tongue. However it began shortly thereafter to be integrated also in L2 teaching. The term "language awareness" (LA), according to Donmall (1985, p. 7) refers to the individual’s sensitivity and awareness about the nature of language and its role in human life. The present study aims at discussing the concept of Language Awareness as a possible practice of teaching German as an additional language in bilingual contexts. Based on theoretical grounding, educational activities focusing on promoting awareness and linguistic plurality have been developed, adapted and tested in two bilingual schools of Portuguese-Hunsrückisch communities in the mountain region of Rio Grande do Sul. Besides the testing itself, the following methodological tools of research were employed: previously conducted classroom observations, in order to assess the context researched and rapport with participants, as well as questionnaires to collect data in order to draw a profile of the students and teachers involved in the research, observe the immediate effects of LA classes and engage family participation, given that students were asked to complete the questionnaire at home. The objective of this paper is twofold: to present ways that contribute to the development of positive attitudes of students with linguistic diversity (including, in this case, minority languages) and the formation of a pedagogy of language awareness which, starting from the local languages and cultures, enables the learning of other languages that might arouse their interest.

The present thesis is about the current linguistic situation in the Spanish province of Galicia and about the prospects of the Galician language in modern times. The situation is analyzed through applying Joshua Fishman's model of reversing language shift (RLS).

L’histoire de France est marquée depuis le XVIe siècle par l’uniformisation linguistique. La République a ouvert son ère par une Terreur politique qui s’est accompagnée de Terreur linguistique. Depuis, France et français sont intimement liés dans l’organisation comme dans les imaginaires politiques. Or, à un moment récent et bref de l’histoire de France, lors de la XIème législature [1997-2002], le débat a émergé quant à l’opportunité de reconnaitre une diversité linguistique de moins en moins importante sur le territoire national, les locuteurs des langues régionales disparaissant progressivement par un pur effet démographique. En effet, le débat sur la Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires [1999] puis sur le statut de la Corse [2001] a occupé la scène politique et médiatique française comme rarement les questions de statut des langues en France l’avaient fait. La multiplicité des lieux d’expression et des conditions de production et de réception des discours politiques a nécessité, pour aborder ce que les médias nomment « la classe politique » et que nous définissons comme une communauté discursive, la construction d’un corpus fortement hétérogène. Séances parlementaires à l’Assemblée nationale ou au Sénat, rapports, avis, projets ou propositions de loi, questions au gouvernement, mais également expression de la communauté discursive des hommes et des femmes politiques dans la presse écrite et audiovisuelle ont été réunis pour tenter de saisir le débat dans son ensemble. L’hétérogénéité constitutive du corpus a justifié un traitement différencié des sous corpus, en fonction de leur lieu de production et de leurs conditions de transmission : le corpus parlementaire, représentant plus de 250000 mots a fait l’objet d’un traitement automatique par Lexico3, ce qui a permis d’entrer dans le corpus. Le traitement lexicométrique de l’ensemble parlementaire et traitement manuel des corpus médiatiques ont été articulés de manière féconde : une analyse de discours à entrée lexicale a été possible grâce à la façon dont le traitement automatique a mis en valeur des phénomènes de catégorisation opérées par les locuteurs au moyen du lexique. L’approche lexico-sémantique a été complétée d’une cartographie des arguments en présence : la communauté discursive des hommes politiques dessine des imaginaires sociodiscursifs. Des idéologies concurrentes de ce qu’est la Nation et de son devenir s’opposent alors. / French history is influenced, since the 16th century, by language standardisation. The French Republic has started its era through political Terror that was completed by language Terror. Since, France and French have been intertwined in terms of politics as well as in terms of collective representations. However, in recent years, during the mandate of L. Jospin as a Prime Minister [1997-2002], France debated about the possibility of acknowledging its language diversity. Although, for mere demographic reasons, this diversity is fading away, it meets a strong social support. In 1999, with the opportunity of signing the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and in 2001 at the time where a possible new status was debated for Corsica, a language debate finally took place in France. From this debate, we built a corpus constructed to take into account all accessible discourse produced by French political personnel, seen as a discursive community. The consequence of such a project is a highly heterogeneous corpus, where Parliament debates, reports, law propositions etc. adjoin excerpts from written and audiovisual media. This heterogeneity commanded to approach the data differently: the vast corpus gathered from the Parliament [250,000 words approx.] underwent statistical treatment through Lexico3. This lexico-semantic analysis was hinged on manual analysis of the somewhat numerically smaller media corpus thanks to the lexical categorisation phenomena that were put into light via statistics. This lexico-semantic approach was completed by the analysis of the arguments deployed by different sides of the discursive community, as well as by an exploration of their collective representations of language management. Ideology about both the Nation and its future emerge from the debate, on a much wider scale than for languages [country’s unity, human rights, diversity, etc.].

L’arménien occidental est classé comme langue en danger depuis 2010, mais il est enseigné dans un réseau d’écoles arméniennes à travers une diaspora mondiale, crée par un génocide en 1915. Les inscriptions sont en déclin dans les écoles du Moyen-Orient depuis quatre décennies, alors qu’en France on observe un développement des écoles privées. Toutes les écoles sont confrontées à une culture éducative en évolution. Les données sont collectées à Beyrouth, Amman, Paris et Marseille, et des participants venant d’Alep. L’approche est interdisciplinaire, poststructuraliste et constructiviste, dans le but de comprendre le rôle des politiques scolaires dans l’attractivité des écoles et dans la transmission linguistique et dans la promotion de la vitalité de la langue dans chaque contexte. L’analyse de discours est employée pour analyser les représentations de la langue et des écoles aux niveaux personnel et structurel. Les théories de la vitalité ethnolinguistique et de la socialisation linguistique aident à éclairer les liens entre la politique, le choix des parents, et la vitalité de la langue. Le choix des parents est approché du point de vue de la psychologie de la consommation, et finalement c’est la notion de l’habitus (de Bourdieu) qui éclaire le mieux les dynamiques de ce choix et pourquoi il constitue souvent une rupture définitive avec l’institution. L’étude montre que les politiques au-delà de l’institutionnel ont moins d’influence sur le maintien de la langue que l’inscription à l’école et les discours dominants. Des préconisations sont formulées pour des changements de la politique scolaire et de la pédagogie. / Western Armenian was declared “definitely endangered” in 2010, although the language is taught in private Armenian schools across a global diaspora created by a genocide in 1915. Enrollment in Armenian schools in the Middle East has been declining for four decades, while the Armenian schools of France are growing & evolving & all are facing a rapidly changing educational climate. Conducted in Beirut, Amman, Paris & Marseille, and involving participants from Aleppo, this study analyzes data from more than 100 diasporan Armenians and a dozen schools. An interdisciplinary, post-structuralist & constructivist approach is taken to understanding the roles of school policies in attracting parents to Armenian schools, in effectively transmitting the language to students, & promoting the vitality of the language in each of the four contexts. Discourse Analysis is applied to both structural & personal representations of the language & of the schools. Ethnolinguistic Vitality & Language Socialization theories are used to understand the connections between policy, parent school choice & the wider vitality of the language. Parent school choice is looked at in terms of consumer psychology, and ultimately Bourdieu’s concept of habitus is the most apt for explaining why Armenian parents choose non-Armenian schools, & why this often becomes a definitive family break from the institution. Policy above the school level is found to have less impact on vitality than school enrollment & dominant discourses on language maintenance. Recommendations are made for policies & pedagogy.

Huvudsyftet med denna studien var att granska hur kommuner informerar om modersmål i förskoleklassen på finska. Tio kommuner valdes för att studera detta, fem s.k. förvaltningskommuner för finska, fem som inte var det. Studien visar att det är vanligare att kommunerna informerar om modersmål och förskoleklass på finska om kommunen ingår i förvaltningsområdet för det finska språket. För att sprida information på finska använder kommunerna både finskspråkiga myndighetstexter och automatiska översättningsprogram. Kommunernas finskspråkiga texter visade sig vara vaga och mångtydiga. De automatiska översättningarna motsvarade inte det förväntade innehållet. Denna kvalitativa studie tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i nationell lagstiftning ur ett språk- och minoritetspolitiskt synsätt. Huvudmaterialet består av de valda kommunernas internetsidor som samlades in under oktober 2019 och analyserades med hjälp av kritisk diskursanalys. / The aim of this study was to examine how municipalities inform about mother tongue in the pre-school class in Finnish. Ten municipalities were chosen to study this, five so-called administrative areas for Finnish, five that were not. The study shows that it is more common for municipalities to provide information about mother tongue and pre-school class in Finnish if the municipality is included in the administrative area for Finnish language. To disseminate information in Finnish, the municipalities use both government texts in Finnish and automatic translation programs. The language texts of the municipalities in Finnish proved to be vague and ambiguous. The automatic translations did not match the expected content. This qualitative study takes its theoretical point of departure in national legislation from the perspective of a language and minority policy. The main material consists of ten municipalities' internet pages which were collected in October 2019 and analysed using critical discourse analysis.

Eliška Fátorová The position of minority and regional languages in the context of European language policy Abstract The thesis deals with the language policy of the European Union and examines what position minority and regional languages occupy in this policy. Chapter on language planning introduces two models of protection of these languages and a major part of the research framework deals with a Language Management Theory. The aim of the thesis is to show whether the language policy of the European Union trace elements of this theory. The first part discusses in general about Europe and languages, about the language policy of the EU, the development of which is divided into three periods. This chapter aims to answer the question whether and how the EU language policy direction has shifted during the last twenty years. To answer this question thesis uses mainly research of Michal Krzyzanowski and Ruth Wodak. Based on their analysis of EU documents concerning European language policy a shift towards a focus on EU competitiveness and employment of the population, to which the knowledge of foreign languages contributes, can be traced.. Another part focuses on minority and regional languages. There is introduced the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, which is a document of the Council of...

Les langues créoles sont le fruit de l’entremêlement culturel et linguistique qui a eu lieu au cours du XVIe et du XVIIe siècles aux Antilles. Bien que la graphie du créole soit relativement récente, la traduction de textes vers le créole est loin d’être un phénomène nouveau. (Etienne, 2003) Les différents créoles des Antilles sont grammaticalement assez proches, mais leur histoire et leur statut sociolinguistique peuvent être très différents. L’activité traductionnelle du créole en Haïti, par exemple, est nettement plus conséquente, car contrairement aux Petites Antilles « l’accession du créole au statut de langue officielle en 1987 a eu un impact majeur sur la valorisation institutionnelle de cette langue et sur la configuration du domaine de la traduction en Haïti. » (Berrouët-Oriol, 2015) Le présent mémoire vise à analyser en quoi l’activité de traduction a contribué et contribue toujours au développement ainsi qu’à la reconnaissance du créole et de la littérature des Petites Antilles francophones. Il interroge comment les traducteurs et les écrivains des Antilles francophones se servent de la traduction pour donner du poids à la langue créole, comme Luther l’a fait autrefois pour l’allemand avec la traduction de la Bible. Partant de l’approche développée entre autres par Lefevere (1992b) autour des concepts de mécénat, d’idéologie, de poétique et d’univers du discours, nous explorons qui commandite les traductions vers le créole, qu’est-ce qui est traduit, par qui, comment, pourquoi et pour qui. La recherche comporte tout d’abord une recension des textes traduits en créole des années 1960 à nos jours dans les Petites Antilles francophones. Ensuite, nous analysons les dispositifs littéraires, les genres traduits, les acteurs et les stratégies afin de cerner les enjeux de la traduction vers le créole et l’évolution de cette pratique sur la période étudiée. Pour ce faire, nous procédons également à un travail de terrain auprès des institutions et des personnes responsables de ou ayant un lien avec l’univers de la traduction du créole (GEREC-F, CRILLASH, éditeurs, traducteurs, écrivains, etc.). À ce jour, la revue de littérature sur les flux et les pratiques de traduction vers le créole des Petites Antilles est relativement longue et montre l’existence d’un intérêt qui motive en grande partie notre 2 projet de recherche. De façon plus générale, il nous semble important et novateur d’étudier la praxis traduisante dans un milieu diglossique où cohabitent le français (langue littéraire par excellence) et le créole dont la littérature et la graphie sont encore toutes jeunes. Enfin, notre démarche participe aussi à une volonté de décentrement de la traductologie vers les langues dites « minoritaires ». Notre étude montre que l’édition de traductions en créole dans les Petites Antilles françaises est une activité qui en est à ses balbutiements, et ce bien qu’elle soit un phénomène qui est loin d’être nouveau, comme nous l’avons dit précédemment. Elle est pratiquée par un petit nombre de personnes, d’une manière non règlementée et dans le but de créer, développer et de valoriser un patrimoine littéraire et culturel à la langue créole. Elle révèle aussi que la majorité des traductions sont des autotraductions destinées à un jeune public. / The Creole languages are the fruit of the cultural and linguistic intermingling that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries in the West Indies. Although writing into Creole is relatively recent, translation of texts into Creole is far from being a new phenomenon. (Etienne, 2003) The different Creoles of the West Indies are grammatically quite similar, but their history and sociolinguistic status can be very different. The translational activity of Creole in Haiti, for example, is much more substantial because, unlike the French West Indies, “accession of Creole to the status of official language in 1987 had a major impact on the institutional enhancement of this language and on the configuration in the field of translation in Haiti ” (Berrouët-Oriol, 2015, our translation) This essay aims at analyzing how the translation activity has contributed and continues to contribute to the development and recognition of Creole and the literature of the French West Indies. It questions how translators and writers in the French-speaking West Indies use translation to give weight to the Creole language, as Luther once did for German with the translation of the Bible. Starting from the approach developed among others by Lefevere (1992b) around the concepts of patronage, ideology, poetics and the universe of discourse, we explore who sponsors the translations into Creole, what is translated, by whom, how, why and for whom. First, the research includes a review of texts translated into Creole from the 1960s to the present day in the French West Indies. Then, we analyze literary devices, translated genres, actors and strategies in order to identify the challenges of translation into Creole and the evolution of this practice over the period studied. To do this, we also carry out fieldwork with institutions and people in charge of or having a link with the world of Creole translation (GEREC-F, CRILLASH, editors, translators, writers, etc.). The literature on the flows and practices of translation into Creole of the Lesser Antilles is very rich and shows the existence of an interest which largely motivates our research project. More generally, it seems important and innovative to us to study translating praxis in a diglossic environment where French (literary language par excellence) and Creole coexist, whose literature and writing are still very young. Finally, our approach also contributes to a desire to shift translation studies towards so-called “minority” languages. 4 Our study shows that the translation of Books into and from Creole in the French West Indies is an activity which is in its infancy, although translation of texts into Creole is far from being a new phenomenon as we said earlier. It is practiced by a small number of people in an unregulated manner with the aim at creating, developing, enhancing a literary and cultural heritage in the Creole language. The majority of translations are self-translations intended for a young audience.

I juli 2019 försågs förskolan med en ny läroplan och med den ett utökat minoritetsuppdrag, vilket i korthet innebär att förskolan ska bidra till att skydda och främja de nationella minoriteternas språk och kulturer. Tidigare forskning pekar på att läroplansändringar om de nationella minoriteterna haft liten inverkan på ämnesinnehållet inom utbildningssystemet och att det finns svårigheter kopplade till att implementera kultur- och språkrelaterade policyer i förskolan. Syftet med föreliggande studie är därför att genom förskolepersonals förståelser lyfta fram dilemmatiska aspekter i förskolans minoritetsuppdrag. En tonvikt har placerats vid den nationella minoriteten romer, vilket delvis motiveras genom en webbenkät som distribuerats i studiens startskede. Av de fem nationella minoriteterna hade färst respondenter berört romer i förskolans utbildning. För en fördjupad förståelse och för att generera mer data hölls två fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt sex informanter och en kompletterande individuell intervju med ytterligare en informant. Eftersom studien undersökt ett känsligt ämne genomsyras den av reflexivitet och etiska överväganden. Den data som genererats har analyserats och diskuterats med hjälp av Michael Billigs begreppsapparat ideologiska dilemman, med fokus på sunt förnuft och motstridigheter. Det sunda förnuftet säger att förskolans minoritetsuppdrag är viktigt för att bevara ett kulturarv, revitalisera minoritetsspråken och motverka fördomar. Motstridigheterna består i att arbetet med Sveriges nationella minoriteter och minoritetsspråk villkoras på grund av prioriteringar och rangordningar, resonemanget ”inget minoritetsbarn – inget minoritetsuppdrag”, en rädsla för att göra fel och en strävan att undvika konflikter. Genom en analytisk diskussion påträffas fyra dilemmatiska aspekter i skärningspunkterna mellan 1) ideologier som förskolan förväntas förmedla och ideologier om förskolan som institution, 2) en strävan att revitalisera minoritetsspråken och att det aktualiseras först när ett minoritetsspråkigt barn finns i barngruppen, 3) en strävan att motverka fördomar och en rädsla för att i stället befästa dem och 4) att ge barn förutsättningar att utveckla en kulturell identitet och minoritetsspråket och att upprätthålla tillitsfulla relationer och samarbeten med vårdnadshavare genom att låta bli när de så önskar.Studien bidrar till kunskap om dilemmatiska aspekter i förskolans minoritetsuppdrag och gör dem på så sätt möjliga att adressera. / In July 2019, the preschool was provided a new curriculum and with it an extended minority assignment. In short, this assignment means that the preschool shall protect and promote the languages and cultures of the Swedish national minorities. Previous research indicates that curriculum changes regarding the national minorities generally have little impact on the subject content within the education system and that there are difficulties linked to implementing policies about language and culture in preschool. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to highlight dilemmatic aspects in the preschool's minority assignment through preschool personnel's understandings. An emphasis is placed on the national minority Roma, which is partly motivated by a web survey that was distributed in the initial stages of the study. Out of the five national minorities, the fewest respondents had referenced Roma people in the preschool’s education. For a deeper understanding, and to generate more data, two focus group interviews with a total of six informants and a supplementary individual interview with yet another informant were held. Since a sensitive subject is being examined, the study is permeated by reflexivity and ethical considerations. The data generated has been analyzed and discussed using Michael Billig's theoretical approach to ideological dilemmas, with a focus on common sense and contrary themes. What passes as common sense is that the preschool's minority assignment is important to preserve a cultural heritage, revitalize the minority languages and counter prejudice. The contrary themes regard conditions for working with the Swedish national minorities and minority languages, such as priorities and rankings, the reasoning "no minority child – no minority assignment", a fear of making mistakes, and avoiding conflicts. Through an analytical discussion, four dilemmatic aspects are found in the intersections between 1) ideologies that the preschool is expected to convey and ideologies about the preschool as an institution, 2) an effort to revitalize the minority languages and that this is only actualized when a minority language speaking child is present in the child group, 3) an effort to counter prejudices and a fear of instead reinforcing them and 4) supporting children’s need to develop a cultural identity and their minority language and to maintain trusting relationships and collaborations with children’s guardians by not doing so, if that is their wish. This study contributes to highlighting dilemmatic aspects in the preschool's minority assignments and is thereby making them possible to address.

Cross-dialectal acceptance of a written standard (CAWS) is essential for that standard to be used by speakers of divergent dialects of a language. Earlier works have focused on the influence of linguistic differences on comprehension of the standard, but little attention has been given the influence of socio-cultural and programmatic factors on acceptance of a standard. Case studies of the Lelemi and Likpakpaanl language development programmes provide information through which the socio-cultural and programmatic factors which influence CAWS can be identified. Due to the complex nature of the topic, various indicators are used to measure levels of acceptance of the written standard by speakers of each dialect. Socio-cultural factors which influence CAWS relate either to the language community's degree of interdialectal communication or to their perception of being a unified people. These factors include social structure, governance, cultural and religious activities, and patterns of marriage, commerce, transportation and migration. The existence of extensive social networks and the role of opinion leaders were also influential Activities of the two language development programmes which positively influenced CAWS included those which informed and involved speakers of all dialects of the language. These activities built on the existing levels of unity and inter-dialectal communication by using existing social networks. The Lelemi programme involved speakers of all dialects more uniformly than did the Likpakpaanl programme. However, both programmes informed and involved speakers of all dialects to some extent. The dialect communities of each language did not equally accept the written standards. Acceptance appeared to correlate more strongly with programmatic factors than with sociocultural or linguistic factors. This thesis provides a model for language teams to follow in 1) identifying socio-cultural factors which have the potential to influence CAWS; 2) applying knowledge about the socio-cultural situation to programme planning; and, 3) assessing levels of acceptance by speakers of each dialect. / Linguistics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)