合作網路關係是近年來甚受重視的一門管理學科，但在汽車業的運作實務中，中心廠和協力廠的緊密合作則是行之有年，也是許多探討合作網路關係的文獻所研究的對象．但以往文獻資料中大部份探討網路的形成原因和類型，或者針對美日汽車業作比較．本研究則從台灣汽車中心廠的角度出發，來探討台灣汽車業的合作網路關係，並希望能發展出一些具有管理涵意的命題． 研究結果大致整理成五大命題： 1.合作關係的形成可分為評估與選擇，互動與合作，關係的強化與終止三個階段． 2.選擇新合作夥伴時，私人關係的影響力受組織運作機制的影響． 3.合作時間長短，介面人員特質，溝通形式會影響雙方信任關係的建立． 4.雙方的信任程度會影響交易的重要性和危機處理時的態度． 5.組織間關係的強化與終止，受介面人員，雙方過去的合作經驗，未來潛力等因素影響． 最後，根據本研究的觀察，對台灣汽車中心廠提出四點建議： 1.導入新廠商的決策過程和標準應透明公開，並採集體決策方式決定． 2.遴選適當的採購人員，並灌輸正確的觀念． 3.鼓勵對內對外的面對面溝通． 4.努力將個人化的關係組織化． / This thesis discusses the relationships between CMC(China Motor Corp.)and its subcontractors from the viewpoint of the Purchasing Department of CMC. This paper tries to find the stages of inter-organizational relationships (IOR) and the variables that affect them. The followingsare the prepositions it finds:1.IOR contains three stages which are "evaluation and choosing","interaction and cooperation",and "strengthening and termination".2.While choosing a new partner,"the influence of personal relationships"is limited by "organizational mechanism".3.The establishment of "trust"between two parties will be affected by"the period of cooperation","the quality of the contact persons",and "the style of communication".4.The "degree of trust"betweentwo parties will affect the "value of the exchange"and "the way they go in special situation".5.The strengthening and termination of IOR are affected by "the contact persons","the cooperation experience",and "potentiality".

隨著技術的快速變遷及市場全球化的趨勢，單一企業在有限的資源及時間的限制下，面對全球化的競爭壓力，難免力有未逮，因此紛紛尋求企業間的合作。然而我國積極加入世界貿易組織，導致的市場全面開放，對於長久受政府保護的汽車產業而言，無疑是雪上加霜。因此如何提昇國內汽車廠商的國際競爭力，實有加以探討的必要。 　　本研究乃針對國內汽車產業的現況及汽車廠商國際合作時的聯盟特性，利用四個構面（產業特質、聯盟動機、聯盟策略型態及聯盟績效）來加以描述，經由各構面變數相關性的探討，試圖找出我國汽車廠商所面對的競爭優劣勢，進而發展未來之市場定位。 　　研究發現得知，汽車業的競爭優勢主要來自「技術」及「資本」，然而我國汽車廠商在這兩方面均較國外車廠落後許多，使得造車技術始終無法自主。因此我國車廠在聯盟動機上主要以技術移轉為主；而國外車廠由於技術以達成熟階段，在其全球化策略考量之下，聯盟動機乃以國際專業分工下之規模經濟為主。在策略型態上則傾向於自主性較低且非競爭性的聯盟。在整體的聯盟績效上以漸近整合策略之合資類型績效較佳；採同行分手及蜘蛛網策略類型者，績效普遍較差。 　　最後建議政府應投注更大的心力來制定一切實可行的汽車發展方案，另外，針對車廠未來之市場定位上，則建議位於中心組群之強勢車廠適合往商用車來發展；而處於邊際組群之弱勢車廠則適合成為零組件供應中心。

我國素以電子工業聞名世界，近年來卻從日本大量入超先進汽車電子零組件，從事此方面產品產銷之我國廠商也寥寥無幾？本研究以此為出發點，進行該產業進入障礙、公司特質與進入策略、競爭策略之間關係之研究。 　　本研究訪問七家公司、八項先進汽車電子零組件之案例，經過分析、比較之後，有下列重要發現： 　　一、我國汽車工業發展先進汽車電子零組件時，遭遇到之進入障礙以規模經濟無法發揮、汽車中心廠轉換成本高、先進入之國外汽車母廠之干預嚴重、技術困難度高為較主要之進入障礙。 　　二、我國汽車零組件廠商具有良好之製造能力與經營網路關係，但普遍缺乏產品開發能力。大多之廠家為中小企業，因此財務資金、人力資源能源也都不佳。 　　三、進入障礙會影響進入策略及競爭策略，可能的方式有下列三種： 　　（一）與整車性能或結構相關程度較高之先進汽車電子零組件，其規模經濟無法發揮、轉換成本過高、先進者干預等情況都較嚴重，且為所有進入障礙中最嚴重的三種障礙。因此當該先進汽車電子零組件與整車性能或結構關係愈緊密時，新進入之廠商會採取愈高資源掌握之方式進入市場，以掌握較多資源，並界種合作對象化解障礙。 　　（二）若先進汽車電子零組件與整車性能或結構關係愈緊密，則發展該產品之企業偏向採用規避競爭之競爭策略，例如市場追隨者，以避免與先進廠商做正面之品質／價格的競爭。 　　（三）技術困難度愈高的產品，必需要有強大的研發開發能力做後盾方能有效提昇品質與功能，以取得有利市場地位。而我國之汽車零組件廠商，目前為止，大部份的廠商均不具完整之產品開發能力，因此偏向採取追隨者策略。 　　四、公司能力或特質會影響進入策略及競爭策略，可能的方式有下列： 　　（一）產品開發能力好的公司較可以採行自行開發策略，而競爭策略方面則較可能選擇挑戰策略。 　　（二）經營網路在進入策略上扮演重要之角色，經營網路好的公司可以找到較佳的合作伙伴與合作模式，經營網路差的公司則不一定能尋找到合適的合作伙伴及合作方式。

On the 21st September 1995, the government introduced the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP), in compliance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Deliberate efforts by the South African government were required to promote structural changes to the domestic motor industry by opening up the economy to international competition through a programme of tariff reduction and export promotion. The integration of the South African automotive industry into global markets would have been extremely difficult, if not impossible, without the MIDP and it would thus be safe to conclude that the economic performance of the researched would have been close to impossible if it was not for the MIDP. The MIDP, as an economic policy, has been embraced by the researched company as a "vehicle" to drive corporate goals in terms of value creation for all stakeholders. The research proposition that the MIDP as an economic policy has contributed to the economic performance of the researched company is examined. In this respect, Annual and Management Accounting reports were analyzed to determine the effect the MIDP has had on the researched company over the last ten years. In addition, two semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the Strategic Finance Planning executive and the Financial Controller of the company. The results show that the MIDP has had positive spin-offs for the researched company. The same results should be valid for the other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the local automotive industry that have embraced the MIDP as a vehicle to create economic value added.

The aim of the dissertation was to investigate the demographical differences on Work-SoC, and the relationship between work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC) and work engagement in a motor retail organisation in Gauteng. The Work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC) scale, Utrecht work engagement (UWES-9) scale and a biographical questionnaire were applied in the data collection from 326 employees in a motor retail organisation in Gauteng. The results indicated a strong relationship between Work-SoC and work engagement and that Work-SoC does predict work engagement. Except for tenure and gender, all demographical variables showed statistically significant mean differences on Work-SoC. The study has added valuable knowledge to the existing literature as it was the first to investigate mean differences on Work-SoC for different demographical groups and also investigate the relationship between Work-SoC and work engagement in the South African environment. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the marketing communication practices of car dealerships, in order to identify what factors are considered in the selection of the marketing communication mix incorporated in the marketing communication strategy. Furthermore, identify and establish an understanding of the marketing communication mix elements used by car dealerships in their marketing communication strategies. A qualitative research approach was followed in this paper. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with marketing personnel of various car dealerships in Gauteng, South Africa. In this paper, a qualitative content analysis was followed, and Atlas.ti version 10 computer software was used to generate themes. The study uncovered that car dealerships use various marketing communication mix elements to achieve their marketing communication objectives, such as creating dealership brand awareness, stimulating sales, and closing sales transactions. The study revealed also uncovered that internet is also used by car dealerships in executing marketing communication strategies. The study revealed the internal and external factors considered in planning and executing marketing communication strategies and campaigns. The study further discovered that these marketing communication elements are not used in isolation, but support each other in conveying marketing messages that lead to the attainment of various marketing communication objectives. The findings revealed that despite the use of radio and print media, social media types are increasingly being used by dealerships to share information with existing customers and potential customers regarding the dealerships‟ products and special offers, although the use of social media platforms varied. The study also discovered that car dealerships experience some challenges in planning and executing marketing communication strategies and campaigns. Recommendations to stakeholders in the motor industry and future research directions are provided. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

The South African leather industry has undergone a significant transformation since the 1990’s and this can be attributed primarily owing to two major factors that occurred. The first being trade liberalisation, which meant the fall of trade barriers, and the second being the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP), which was implemented in South Africa on 1 September 1995. The MIDP was implemented in the context of the country’s political and economic liberalisation, and the major structural shift in government policy and the trade regime. South Africa became much more globally integrated and the South African leather industry benefited because of this, as well as the incentives that was offered under the MIDP. Automotive exports of stitched leather seat parts responded positively to the incentives offered under the MIDP and stitched leather seat parts, as a component under the MIDP, became one of the best performing components being exported from South Africa. The MIDP had been terminated at the end of 2012 and is now being followed by government’s latest rendition of automotive policy, namely the Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP). The APDP focuses on value addition, which pursues beneficiation of the country’s raw materials to the final stages, to ensure maximum benefit to the South African economy. The findings of the study entail that the South African leather industry is now in a vulnerable state because of the new automotive policy. This is mainly because the APDP does not provide the same level, or type, of incentives that the MIDP had provided to the industry. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Student Number : 0376246 - PhD thesis - School of Humanities - Faculty of Arts / This thesis examines the building of power and how workers’ control and union independence augmented or detracted from this process in the National Union of Metalworkers and its predecessors from the 1980s to the mid 1990s. These unions aimed to accrue power to improve both their members’ working conditions and to effect political and economic transformation. In this process the building of non-racial national industrial unions that cut across the ethnically constituted state, the promotion of workers’ control, and political independence from formal political organisations were central. This thesis demonstrates how Numsa and its predecessors overcame obstacles to the accrual of power and scrutinizes reasons for failures in achieving pivotal ideological goals. In the early 1980s Numsa’s predecessors constructed greater degrees of democratic organizational and bureaucratic power. The formation of Numsa in 1987 allowed for the further construction of an efficient bureaucracy to support organizational and bargaining activities. It successfully forged national bargaining forums and built hegemony across the industry. In 1993 Numsa adopted a programme through which it hoped to restructure its industries in the transitional period leading up to a new democracy. It failed however to successfully implement the programme in its entirety. Tensions emerged in union goals as membership remained focused on increased wages whilst leadership was attempting to restructure industry, enhance worker skills and augment workers’ control in the workplace. In the political sphere Numsa was largely unable to effect a deeper infusion of its socialist leanings. Though Numsa and other Cosatu unions made an important contribution to the birth of a non-racial democracy, the capitalist state succeeded in demobilizing the trade unions in their pursuit of more fundamental systemic change. By the time Numsa produced the concept of a Reconstruction Accord, later developed into the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), the space to popularise a socialist perspective had been considerably reduced. Although Numsa forewent its early `party autonomous` position when Cosatu entered the ANC/SACP alliance, this was clearly far from a `state ancillary` stance. Though labour had won the right to be consulted in Nedlac and the right to strike, the possibility of dissent being diverted into bureaucratic chambers existed with a consequent loss of militant, strategic and ideological focus. Key words: trade union power, workers control, trade union independence, National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), National Automobile & Allied Workers Union (Naawu), Metal & Allied Workers Union (Mawu), Motor Industry Combined Workers Union (Micwu), post 1980 metal unions, metal union politics, metal union bargaining, metal union organisation, trade union alliances, trade unions and violence