The aim of this study is to investigate the experiences of parental cooperation between the pre-school teachers and parents in preschools located in multi-ethnic areas. To get a fair picture of the parental cooperation between the pre-school teachers and parents, both the views of the pre-school teachers and the parents have been explored. The research question has been explored by using qualitative interviews as the method for data collection. The theoretical approach is hermeneutic and focuses on subjective experience of individuals. The main result is that the parental cooperation between the pre-school teachers and parents works dissatisfactory. The reasons for the dissatisfaction that can be found through the analysis in the study are that there are various factors such as prejudice, ignorance and language barriers that create barriers for good parental cooperation. The informants in the study attributes the area to poor characteristics, and the results of the study show a pattern that both parties, i.e., Parents and educators experience a disinterest of parental cooperation from the other party. The study's results also show that prejudices and misunderstandings can lie behind these experiences. Misunderstandings and prejudices in the sense that both parents and educators mean they want to cooperate but that they feel that the opposite party is not interested in this.

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Yes / Whole-systems approaches are being adopted to tackle physical inactivity. The mechanisms contributing to changes resulting from whole-systems approaches are not fully understood. The voices of children and families that these approaches are designed for need to be heard to understand what is working, for whom, where and in what context. This paper describes the protocol for the children and families' citizen science evaluation of the Join Us: Move, Play (JU:MP) programme, a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity in children and young people aged 5-14 years in Bradford, UK. The evaluation aims to understand the lived experiences of children and families' relationship with physical activity and participation in the JU:MP programme. The study takes a collaborative and contributory citizen science approach, including focus groups, parent-child dyad interviews and participatory research. Feedback and data will guide changes within this study and the JU:MP programme. We also aim to examine participant experience of citizen science and the suitability of a citizen science approach to evaluate a whole-systems approach. Data will be analysed using framework approach alongside iterative analysis with and by citizen scientists in the collaborative citizen science study. Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Bradford: study one (E891-focus groups as part of the control trial, E982-parent-child dyad interviews) and study two (E992). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the participants, through schools or directly. The citizen scientists will provide input to create further dissemination opportunities.

2014年12月的「雨傘運動」中，不時看到「支持本土、以香港為家」的口號和標語，如「自己香港自己救」、「守護香港拒絕沉淪」以及「撐(支持)香港」等等，都反映出年輕一輩對香港的歸屬情感，顯示出本土主義是這場運動論述的核心內涵，意在對抗北京的愛國主義論述，同時也反映出本土意識是目前香港認同與社會集體想像的重要內容。本論文採取文獻分析法，旨在針對透過公共討論中與香港身份認同相關的論述進行脈絡式分析，探討香港身份認同的演變，剖析香港社會自英殖時期至今關於香港人的集體想像。本論文針對英殖管治時期、戰後至回歸、一國兩制實施至今三個主要歷史時期進行研究，探討香港人的集體認同及其演變。本研究結論指出，強調多元族群社會想像的認同論述有助於形塑具包容性的香港本土認同。 / In the 2014 Umbrella Movement, nativism, aimed to contest with the patriotism advocated by Beijing, appeared to be the core of the discourse of the movement. It is embodied in slogans such as ‘Supporting the native; Hong Kong is our home’ and ‘Preserving Hong Kong.’ This reflects the sense of belonging of the Hong Kong youth. Nativism therefore appears to be an important element in the formation of collective identity and social imaginary of Hong Kong. This dissertation, through a contextual analysis of discourses on Hong Kong identity, aims to probe into Hong Kong identity in different historical periods, including the period of British colonial rule, the period from the end of World War Two to the 1997 handover of Hong Kong, and the period when ‘One Country and Two Systems’ is practiced in Hong Kong. In the conclusion, it is argued that the nativist discourse that emphasizes multiethnic social imaginary contributes to the formation of an inclusive form of Hong Kong identity.

Approximately 15% of all new marriages in the United States in 2010 were between spouses that shared different racial or ethnic backgrounds from one another. Socha and Diggs (1999) began to examine race as both an outcome of family communication as well as a factor that influences children's communication development in families because of the social pressure multiethnic families endure to fit a nuclear family model. This study utilized dyadic interviews of eleven multiethnic parent couples (N = 22 individuals; 11 dyads) in order to gain a deeper understanding of Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. Communication in families plays a foundational role in many aspects of society and socialization of the young. However, slim research has addressed how communication in families affects the understandings of ethnicity and the formation of social identities as a social construction (see Hecht, Collier, & Ribeau, 1993; Socha & Diggs, 1999; Socha, Sanchez-Hucles, Bromley, & Kelly, 1995). Researchers in the social sciences, especially in communication, must recognize that the sanctuary of the home may be generating the keys to understanding problems concerning social identity formation and diversity. Thus, there is a need for communication research at the crossroads of ethnicity, family, and identity. This dissertation highlights family factors that may influence Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic children’s social identities as well as family communication within Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. This study explicates multiethnic families through the lens of communication accommodation theory (CAT; Giles, 1973), social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), and self-categorization theory (SCT; Turner, 1985; Turner, 1987), explicitly overviewing the intersection of interpersonal and intergroup communication (Giles, 2012). This study provides insights to both theoretical expansion and practical application within Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems. Ultimately, this study addresses questions such as: a) How do Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems communicate surrounding topics of race and ethnicity, b) How do Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic families discuss components of social identity (e.g., ethnic identification for multiethnic children), and c) What challenges are unique to Hispanic-Caucasian multiethnic family systems?

(<特集>価値多元化社会における教育の目的)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aquiles.pdf: 2865786 bytes, checksum: bfa275e310f2a56655c0188f135cedd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Taking language as a cultural diacritic and as mark of ethnic identity, I develop in this text, an argument that seeks to establish a relationship between identity, language and culture. The focus of the approach is oriented for the empirical context of the emergence of new collective identities indigenous. The objective is to demonstrate the processes of reconstruction of ethnic identity from the handling and/or mobilization of the diacritic signs that can be used to demarcate the "ethnic boundaries" of a culture. The analysis covers the empirical context of the middle Rio Negro region, more specifically the Cartucho indigenous community, located on the island of Wabada in the Middle Rio Negro Indigenous Lands II - AM. From this perspective, the object of study the research present are the social and political uses of language General Amazon (the Nheengatu) that derives historically the Tupinamba and was adopted as the franca language during the colonial period establishing the communication and social interaction between indigenous and non-indigenous. Currently, this language is still spoken in the entire region of Rio Negro and is used by many people as an instrument of ethnic identity affirmation, as observed among The Bare, whose original language is no longer spoken. The choice of the Indigenous Land Middle Rio Negro - II is due to cultural and linguistic diversity existing in this region. The main reason given in the anthropological literature for the maintenance of this multiethnic complex is the persistence of linguistic exogamy and patrilocal residence, i.e. in this region men usually marry women who speak a language different from yours. In such circumstances, children grow up speaking two languages. However, the language that identifies the person, the village and the ethnic group is mainly the language of the father and not the language of the linguistic group of the mother. Indeed, they are speakers that dominate three or more languages which are spoken in daily life and in the family. These native language speakers are still to able understand other indigenous languages spoken in the community, as well as Portuguese, but between them they speak predominantly Nheengatu. This scenario presents itself as the ideal for the study of social and political uses of Nheengatu due to be a context of bi-and multilingualism. The initial question is to know the reasons why certain languages are spoken or not, depending on the social context or situations of collective communication and social interaction, circumstantial or otherwise, in that speakers are in concrete achievements in domains social of language. The hypothesis that guiding this research is a that the Nheengatu was consolidated as a franca language, and for this reason, became the instrument that enables communication and social interaction, serving as a inter-ethnics mediator in the region of and even more, has established itself as the native language or traditional language, that has been adopted by various ethnic groups who have lost their native tongues, as is the case the Bare people. The method adopted for carrying out the fieldwork research was participant observation. Data collection was performed by authorized recordings of individual interviews and collective, that is, in speech in public meetings of the Association of Indigenous Communities and Riparian - ACIR, as well as social events, sports and cultural community. / Tomando a linguagem como um diacrítico cultural e como marca da identidade étnica, desenvolvo neste texto, um argumento que busca estabelecer uma relação entre linguagem, identidade e cultura. O foco da abordagem é orientada para o contexto empírico da emergência de novas identidades coletivas indígenas. O objetivo é demonstrar os processos de reconstrução da identidade étnica a partir da manipulação e/ou mobilização dos sinais diacríticos que podem ser usados para demarcar as fronteiras étnicas de uma cultura. A análise abrange o contexto empírico da região do Médio do Rio Negro, mais especificamente a comunidade indígena do Cartucho, localizada na ilha de Wabada nas Terras Indígenas Médio Rio Negro II - AM. A partir desta perspectiva, o objeto de estudo do presente pesquisa são os usos sociais e políticos da Língua Geral Amazônica (o Nheengatu) que deriva historicamente o Tupinambá e foi adotado como a língua franca durante o período colonial que institui a comunicação ea interação social entre indígenas e não-indígenas. Atualmente, essa língua ainda é falada em toda a região do Rio Negro e é usado por muitas pessoas como um instrumento de afirmação da identidade étnica, como observado entre os Baré, cuja língua original não é mais falada. A escolha da Terra Indígena Médio Rio Negro - II é devido à diversidade cultural e linguística existente nesta região. A principal razão apontada na literatura antropológica para a manutenção deste complexo multi-étnico é a persistência da exogamia linguística e residência patrilocal, ou seja, nesta região os homens geralmente se casam com mulheres que falam uma língua diferente da sua. Em tais circunstâncias, as crianças crescem falando dois idiomas. No entanto, a linguagem que identifica a pessoa, a aldeia e o grupo étnico é, principalmente, a linguagem do pai e não o idioma do grupo linguístico da mãe. Na verdade, eles são falantes que dominam três ou mais línguas que são faladas na vida diária e na família. Estes falantes nativos ainda são capazes de compreender outras línguas indígenas faladas na comunidade, bem como o Português, mas entre eles, falam predominantemente o Nheengatu. Este cenário apresenta-se como a ideal para o estudo dos usos sociais e políticos do Nheengatu, devido a ser um contexto de bi-e multilinguismo. A pergunta inicial é conhecer as razões pelas quais certas línguas são faladas ou não, dependendo do contexto social ou situações de comunicação coletiva e a interação social, circunstancial ou não, em que os falantes estão em realizações concretas nos domínios sociais da linguagem. A hipótese que norteiam esta pesquisa é que o Nheengatu consolidou-se como uma língua franca, e por esta razão, tornou-se o instrumento que permite a comunicação e interação social, servindo como mediador inter-étnico na região e, mais que isso, estabeleceu -se como a língua materna ou tradicional, e tem sido adotada por vários grupos étnicos que perderam suas línguas nativas, como é o caso do povo Baré. O método adotado para a realização da pesquisa de campo foi a observação participante. A coleta de dados foi realizada por gravações autorizadas de entrevistas individuais e coletivas, isto é, em discurso em reuniões públicas da Associação das Comunidades Indígenas e Ribeirinhas - ACIR, bem como eventos sociais, desportivos e da comunidade cultural.

In my doctoral thesis, which I have elaborated on the basis of my diploma thesis Doubled Identity of Crew Members on Cruise Ships as the Instrument of Cultural Adaptation, supervised by Mgr. Helena Tužinská, PhD., I have analysed the way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnical territory of cruise ships. Crew members working there come from over 50 different countries. In spite of their different origins and cultures which have been forming their behaviour and way of thinking, they share small space without any conflicts. My goal is to sum up the basic conditions which should be met in any multiethnical society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is the socio-professional identity of 'crew member '. I found out that there are two main factors responsible for successful co-existence of people from different cultures here - communication and the system of values. That is why from all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I preferably analyse rules and norms established by crew members and lingua franca used on cruise ships called 'ship language'. The specific...

Cette recherche a pour but d’étudier les pratiques enseignantes de soutien auprès des élèves immigrants récemment arrivés au Québec, ne maîtrisant pas le français et intégrés dans des classes ordinaires au primaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une recherche de type qualitatif avec deux enseignantes et leurs trois élèves immigrantes. Afin de documenter les pratiques de soutien en contexte réel de la classe, comprendre les raisons des enseignantes à l’égard du soutien et le point de vue des élèves, nous avons procédé à des observations de classe et à des entrevues individuelles générales et spécifiques avec les participantes, en plus de consulter certaines productions écrites des élèves immigrantes participantes. La présentation des données prend la forme d’une étude multicas décrivant les pratiques de soutien mises en place par chacune des deux enseignantes à partir de 22 séquences de soutien qui ont été décrites en tenant compte du contexte de chaque classe, puis analysées à la lumière de deux cadres théoriques complémentaires, le cadre d’analyse du travail enseignant et l’approche sociohistorico-culturelle. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en exergue le sens de la pratique enseignante de soutien qui se coconstruit dans les interactions entre l’enseignante et l’élève, selon leurs apports mutuels, et selon les facteurs de la classe. L’analyse des raisons des enseignantes à l’égard du soutien montre que devant les difficultés des élèves immigrantes anticipées, constatées ou signalées, les enseignantes prennent des décisions pour prendre ces difficultés en considération, les traiter et mettre en place des pratiques de soutien. Les décisions des enseignantes découlent d’un processus de négociation interne entre la prise en compte des difficultés, notamment imprévues, et le maintien de leurs tâches prescrites, tout en considérant les facteurs contextuels de la classe. Le processus de négociation se poursuit et se déplace ensuite entre l’enseignante et l’élève, lesquelles construisent le sens de soutien à travers leurs interactions. Les concepts empruntés de l’approche sociohistorico-culturelle nous permettent de comprendre la relation dialectique entre l’élève et l’enseignante lors des interactions. Les deux s’ajustent l’une par rapport à l’autre dans le but d’arriver à un consensus sur le sens de la difficulté. De ce fait, la pratique enseignante de soutien est construite suite aux négociations entre l’élève et l’enseignante, mais aussi suite à la négociation interne de l’enseignante, et ce, dépendamment des facteurs du contexte. Notre recherche a contribué à apporter cette clarification sur la manière d’appréhender les pratiques enseignantes de soutien en contexte de classe ordinaire. / This research studies teaching practices that support immigrant students recently arrived in Quebec. In most cases, those students have limited French proficiency and are required to be integrated into regular primary classes. A qualitative study was conducted with two teachers and their three immigrant students. Data collection was based on: 1) Classroom observation that allowed for documenting teaching support practices in real classroom context, 2) One to one interviews with teachers to understand their reasons when applying their supporting practices, 3) One to one interviews with students to comprehend their points of view regarding teaching support practices. Furthermore, some of the student’s written work was analysed. The research data is presented using a multi-case study that describes teaching practices for each participating teacher. For each case-study, the data was categorised based on twenty two supporting sequences described in regards to the context of each class. Then, the data was analysed using two theoretical complementary approaches: the teaching work analysis framework, and the cultural-historical approach. The results of this research emphasize on the significance of teaching practice that is co-constructed by collaborative interactions occurring between the teachers and their students. These interactions are defined by students and teachers mutual contributions correlated to specific classroom factors. The analysis of teacher’s reasons shows that implementing and processing of teaching support practices are influenced by the decisions that teachers must make momentarily when they encounter a student difficulty. Teachers’ decisions result from an inner negotiation process. Teachers have to choose quickly between implementing supporting practices and maintaining their on-going prescribed tasks. This negotiation process is continued between the teacher and the student during their interactions in order to co-construct the support practice. The concepts borrowed from historical-cultural approach facilitate understanding the dialectical relationship between the student and the teacher during their interfaces. Both the teacher and the student adjust their behaviors towards each other to re-define the meaning of difficulty. Consequently, teaching support practices are shaped concurrently by the teacher’s inner negotiation process and the external negotiation with their students, and also influenced by the context factors of the class. This research main contribution is reinforcing and developing our understanding to teaching practices of support in the context of the regular classroom.

Adaptation Studies suffers from a deficiency in the study of black, brown, yellow, and red adaptive texts, adaptive actors, and their practices. Adaptive Acts intervenes in this Eurocentric discourse as a study of adaptation with a (queer) POC perspective. My dissertation reveals that artists of color (re)create texts via dynamic modes of adaptation such as hyper-literary allusion, the use of meta-narratives as framing devices, and on-site collaborative re-writes that speak to/from specific cultural discourses that Eurocentric models alone cannot account for. I examine multi-ethnic American adaptations to delineate the role of adaptation in the continuance of stories that contest dominant culture from marginalized perspectives. And I offer deep adaptive readings of multi-ethnic adaptations in order to answer questions such as: what happens when adaptations are created to remember, to heal, and to disrupt? How does adaptation, as a centuries-old mode of cultural production, bring to the center the voices of the doubly marginalized, particularly queers of color? The texts I examine as “adaptive acts” are radical, queer, push the boundaries of adaptation, and have not, up to this point, been given the adaptive attention I believe they merit. David Henry Hwang’s 1988 Tony award-winning play, M. Butterfly, is an adaptive critique of the textual history of Butterfly and questions the assumptions of the Orientalism that underpins the story, which causes his play to intersect with Pierre Loti’s 1887 novella, Madame Chrysanthéme, at a point of imperial queerness. Rodney Evans, whose 2004 film, Brother to Brother, is the first full-length film to tell the story of the black queer roots at the genesis of the Harlem Renaissance, uses adaptation as a story(re)telling mode that focalizes the “gay rebel of the Harlem Renaissance,” Richard Bruce Nugent (1906-1987), to Signify on issues of canonization, gate-keeping, mythologizing, and intracultural marginalization. My discussion of Sherman Alexie’s debut film, The Business of Fancydancing, is informed by my own work as an adaptive actor and showcases the power of adaptation in the activation of Native continuance as an inclusive adaptive practice that offers an opportunity for women and queers of color to amend the Spokane/Coeur d'Alene writer-director’s creative authority. Adaptive acts are not only documents, but they document movements, decisions, and sociocultural action. Adaptation Studies must take seriously the power and possibilities of “adaptive acts” and “adaptive actors” from the margins if the field is to expand—adapt—in response to this diversity of adaptive potential.