Global ETD Search

171	A participatory approach to eliminating Musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in a paper industry workflow : Developing an assisting tool for paper industry workers by exploring work tasks through participatory design activities Lindqvist, Johan January 2024 (has links) This project was implemented as a Master thesis project in Industrial design engineering (IDE). In collaboration with Billerud Karlsborg, the project was initiated to develop proposal for a technological solution for eliminating a manual handling work task in the production line for coated paper products. The design process was implemented as a Participatory design approach, inviting the workers of the production unit to collaborate in design activites and workshops. The participatory approach was based on the Scandinavian perspective on Participatory design, with influences from the comtemporary views on collaborative design. The project included a holistic ergonomic analysis focused on the assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in the work task flagged by workers as a cause of work strain. The focused work task documented in detail and assessed through REBA and RULA assessment. The work task involves manual handling of a stack of residual paper that is rolled to a tube, by hand, and subsequently lifted and pushed to a grinder inlet for re-purposing. While the ergonomic analysis confirm that there are postural risk factors present, the pace of work suggests that adequate resting for preventing work stain related to the focused task is possible during work. However, the percieved work strained is suggested to originate from work task in close connection to the focused task. A proposal for a concept that sufficiently eliminates the risk factors found in the focused task is developed based on a human-centered design and anthropometric principles. The development concludes with the construction of a prototype, but time constraints denies evaluation of the prototype with end users. The concept is therefore presented as renders of a 3D-model. / Det här projektet har utförts som ett examensarbete inom Civilingenjör Teknisk design, på uppdrag av Billerud Karlsborg. Syftet med projektet var att utveckla ett tekniskt lösningsförslag till ett av Billerud utvalt arbetsmiljöproblem vid en av arbetstationerna i pappersbruket i Karlsborg. I samarbete med arbetarna i den berörda produktionslinjen genomfördes en participativ designprocess, innefattade planering och genomförande av participativa designaktiviteter och workshops baserade på de skandinaviska teorierna kring participativ design, med influens från nyare perspektiv kring co-design. Som en del i arbetet utfördes en övergipande ergonomisk analys avseende belastningsergonomiska riskkällor vid en fokuserad arbetsstation, med en detaljerad kartläggning av den arbetsuppgift som arbetarna upplever som problematisk. Den fokuserade arbetsuppgiften innefattar manuell hantering av en restprodukt som behöver rullas ihop för hand och därefter lyftas samt skjutas till en kvarn för återvinning. Den ergonomiska analysen utfördes med hjälp av REBA- och RULA-bedömningar, vilka bekräftade att en potentiell risk för belastningsergonomiska skador i det arbetssätt som utövas, men där produktionstakten och systemets styrning tyder på att tillräcklig vila är möjlig under arbetet för att motverka skador från lågintensivt muskelarbete. Arbetsmiljöproblemet bedöms däremot inte vara obefintligt då arbetarnas totala arbete innefattar ytterligare moment av fysisk belastning, och där arbetsmiljöproblemet eventuellt kan vara ett resultat av närliggande moment till den fokuserade arbetsuppgiften. Som lösningsförslag på problemet utvecklas ett koncept som eliminerar de funna riskkällorna i den avgränsade arbetsuppgiften, med utgångspunkt i användarcentrerad design och utefter antropometriska riktlinjer. Utvecklingen av en fysisk prototyp för utvärdering med arbetarna påbörjades, men hann inte slutföras innan projektet avslutades. Istället presenteras konceptet genom rendingar av en 3D-modell. Participatory design Collaborative design Workshop facilitation Ergonomics Musculoskeletal disorders Antropometrics Design thinking Industrial design engineering Work safety Deltagande design Participativ design Co-design Workshopfacilitering Ergonomi Belastningsergonomi Antropometri Design thinking Industrial design engineering Arbetsmiljöarbete Design Design
172	'n Ergonomiese studie oor oorhoofse kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid Bezuidenhout, Sussanna Maria 11 1900 (has links) Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This study aims to investigate the relation between a crane operator in a slab handlingarea's experience of his/her work environment and occupational health. A study of the literature leads one to the conclusion that the nature of crane operators' work environment may cause health problems. According to the literature crane operators are high risk cases regarding musculoskeletal disorders. The empirical study affirms that there are risk factors present in the crane operator's work environment, which may influence his/her occupational health. It is statistically proven that there is a meaningful difference between crane operators with a negative experience of the work environment and crane operators with a positive experience of the work environment, and the amount of illnesses experienced by crane operators as well as their general health. Recommendations are made regarding training, adjustability and flexibility of the work station, job rotation, job expansion and enrichment, and social contact. / Die doel van die studie is om die verband tussen 'n kraanoperateur in 'n platblokhanteringsarea se ervaring van sy/haar werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid te ondersoek. Die literatuurstudie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die aard van kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing aanleiding kan gee tot gesondheidsprobleme. Volgens die literatuur is kraanoperateurs hoerisikogevalle ten opsigte van spierskeletstelselbeserings. Die empiriese studie bevestig dat daar risikofaktore voorkom in die kraanoperateur se werksomgewing wat sy/haar beroepsgesondheid kan be"invloed. Statisties is bewys dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil is tussen kraanoperateurs met 'n negatiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en kraanoperateurs met 'n positiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en die hoeveelheid siektetoestande wat kraanoperateurs ervaar, en die algemene gesondheid van kraanoperateurs. Aanbevelings om risikofaktore te beheer word gemaak ten opsigte van opleiding, verstelbaarheid en buigbaarheid van die werkstasie, posrotasie, posverbreding en - verryking, en sosiale kontak. / Industrial Psychology / M. Com (Industrial Psychology) Occupational health Crane operator Ergonomics Body posture Whole-body vibration Subjective work environment Stress Social support Boredom Shiftwork Musculoskeletal disorders Back pain Kidney problems Neck pain Shoulder pain and arm pain 363.119621873 Environmental health Job stress Environmental psychology Health Occupational diseases Industrial safety Hazardous occupations Working class Work environment Shift systems -- Psychological aspects Night work Shift systems -- Health aspects Work -- Physiological aspects. Work -- Psychological aspects Arthritis Musculoskeletal system -- Diseases Bones -- Diseases. Muscles -- Diseases Joints -- Diseases Posture
173	'n Ergonomiese studie oor oorhoofse kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid Bezuidenhout, Sussanna Maria 11 1900 (has links) Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / This study aims to investigate the relation between a crane operator in a slab handlingarea's experience of his/her work environment and occupational health. A study of the literature leads one to the conclusion that the nature of crane operators' work environment may cause health problems. According to the literature crane operators are high risk cases regarding musculoskeletal disorders. The empirical study affirms that there are risk factors present in the crane operator's work environment, which may influence his/her occupational health. It is statistically proven that there is a meaningful difference between crane operators with a negative experience of the work environment and crane operators with a positive experience of the work environment, and the amount of illnesses experienced by crane operators as well as their general health. Recommendations are made regarding training, adjustability and flexibility of the work station, job rotation, job expansion and enrichment, and social contact. / Die doel van die studie is om die verband tussen 'n kraanoperateur in 'n platblokhanteringsarea se ervaring van sy/haar werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid te ondersoek. Die literatuurstudie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die aard van kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing aanleiding kan gee tot gesondheidsprobleme. Volgens die literatuur is kraanoperateurs hoerisikogevalle ten opsigte van spierskeletstelselbeserings. Die empiriese studie bevestig dat daar risikofaktore voorkom in die kraanoperateur se werksomgewing wat sy/haar beroepsgesondheid kan be"invloed. Statisties is bewys dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil is tussen kraanoperateurs met 'n negatiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en kraanoperateurs met 'n positiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en die hoeveelheid siektetoestande wat kraanoperateurs ervaar, en die algemene gesondheid van kraanoperateurs. Aanbevelings om risikofaktore te beheer word gemaak ten opsigte van opleiding, verstelbaarheid en buigbaarheid van die werkstasie, posrotasie, posverbreding en - verryking, en sosiale kontak. / Industrial Psychology / M. Com (Industrial Psychology) Occupational health Crane operator Ergonomics Body posture Whole-body vibration Subjective work environment Stress Social support Boredom Shiftwork Musculoskeletal disorders Back pain Kidney problems Neck pain Shoulder pain and arm pain 363.119621873 Environmental health Job stress Environmental psychology Health Occupational diseases Industrial safety Hazardous occupations Working class Work environment Shift systems -- Psychological aspects Night work Shift systems -- Health aspects Work -- Physiological aspects. Work -- Psychological aspects Arthritis Musculoskeletal system -- Diseases Bones -- Diseases. Muscles -- Diseases Joints -- Diseases Posture
174	Mondialisation, conditions de travail et santé / Globalization, working conditions and health Coupaud, Marine 07 November 2016 (has links) Cette thèse s’applique à explorer dans quelle mesure et par quels mécanismes lamondialisation, au travers de ses différentes composantes, impacte la santé des travailleurseuropéens. Dans une première partie, nous exposons les conséquences socio-économiques de cephénomène. Dans une deuxième partie, nous montrons que l’exposition concurrentielleinternationale constitue un facteur de risque pour la santé des travailleurs non qualifiés. Lesfacteurs individuels et organisationnels sont néanmoins les plus à même d’expliquer la prévalencede troubles physiques et mentaux chez l’ensemble des travailleurs. La mondialisation impliqueaussi de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles liées à l’internationalisation des firmes, une autrefacette de la mondialisation. Nous soulignons que les travailleurs doivent ainsi trouver lesressources nécessaires pour rester attractifs dans ce monde en perpétuelle évolution. Dans unetroisième partie, nous exposons que la mondialisation favorise le développement des activités deservices dans les pays industrialisés. En parallèle, l'organisation de type "lean" est mise en placedans ces secteurs et la pression concurrentielle s’accroit. Ces changements impactent les conditionsde réalisation du travail. Dans ce contexte, la santé se trouve dégradée par des facteurs de risqueen évolution, parmi eux l’intensité du travail liées aux relations interpersonnelles. Enfin, nousmontrons que la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise apparait comme une solution dont lesentreprises peuvent s’emparer pour améliorer la santé de leurs travailleurs et par conséquent, leurperformance sociale et financière. / This thesis aims at exploring to what extent globalization, through its diversecomponents, impacts the health of European workers. In a first part, we expose the socio-economicconsequences of this multi-faceted phenomenon. In a second part, we show that internationalcompetition, one of the essential components of globalization, is a risk factor for non-skilledworkers. Nevertheless, individual and organizational factors are the most likely to explain mentaland physical disorders prevalence in the population as a whole. Globalization also implies newpractices linked to firms’ internationalization strategy, another component of globalization. Weunderline that workers must acquire the skills to stay attractive in a constantly changing worldand they do not find much support in their companies. In a third part, we show that globalizationenhances the surge of the service sector in industrialized countries. In addition, the leanmanagement is implemented in those sectors and competitive pressure increases. These changesimpact the way the work is performed. Within this context, the health of workers deterioratesbecause they are exposed to changing risk factors, among them: intense of work related tointerpersonal relationships. Finally, we find that the Corporate Social Responsibility comes as ananswer to improve workers’ health and as a consequence, firms’ social and financial performance. Mondialisation Santé Conditions de travail Santé au travail Union Européenne Troubles musculosquelettiques Troubles psychosomatiques Risques psychosociaux Internationalisation des firmes Concurrence internationale Intégration commerciale Intégration financière Délocalisations Santé des cadres Prévention Accidents du travail Restructurations Changements organisationnels Globalization Health Working conditions Occupational health European Union Musculoskeletal disorders Psychosomatic disorders Psychosocial risks Corporate social responsibility Firms’ internationalization International competition Commercial integration, Financial integration Offshoring Health of executives Prevention Work-related accidents Restructuring Organizational changes
175	Placement of Controls in Construction Equipment Using Operators´Sitting Postures : Process and Recommendations Jalkebo, Charlotte January 2014 (has links) An ergonomically designed work environment may decrease work related musculoskeletal disorders, lead to less sick leaves and increase production time for operators and companies all around the world. Volvo Construction Equipment wants to deepen the knowledge and investigate more carefully how operators are actually sitting whilst operating the machines, how this affects placement of controls and furthermore optimize controls placements accordingly. The purpose is to enhance their product development process by suggesting guidelines for control placement with improved ergonomics based on operators’ sitting postures. The goal is to deliver a process which identifies and transfers sitting postures to RAMSIS and uses them for control placement recommendations in the cab and operator environments. Delimitations concerns: physical ergonomics, 80% usability of the resulted process on the machine types, and the level of detail for controls and their placements. Research, analysis, interviews, test driving of machines, video recordings of operators and the ergonomic software RAMSIS has served as base for analysis. The analysis led to (i) the conclusion that sitting postures affect optimal ergonomic placement of controls, though not ISO-standards, (ii) the conclusion that RAMSIS heavy truck postures does not seem to correspond to Volvo CE’s operators’ sitting postures and (iii) and to an advanced engineering project process suitable for all machine types and applicable in the product development process. The result can also be used for other machines than construction equipment. The resulted process consists of three independent sub-processes with step by step explanations and recommendations of; (i) what information that needs to be gathered, (ii) how to identify and transfer sitting postures into RAMSIS, (iii) how to use RAMSIS to create e design aid for recommended control placement. The thesis also contains additional enhancements to Volvo CE’s product development process with focus on ergonomics. A conclusion is that the use of motion capture could not be verified to work for Volvo Construction Equipment, though it was verified that if motion capture works, the process works. Another conclusion is that the suggested body landmarks not could be verified that they are all needed for this purpose except for those needed for control placement. Though they are based on previous sitting posture identification in vehicles and only those that also occur in RAMSIS are recommended, and therefore they can be used. This thesis also questions the most important parameters for interior vehicle design (hip- and eye locations) and suggests that shoulder locations are just as important. The thesis concluded five parameters for control categorization, and added seven categories in addition to those mentioned in the ISO-standards. Other contradictions and loopholes in the ISO-standards were identified, highlighted and discussed. Suggestions for improving the ergonomic analyses in RAMSIS can also be found in this report. More future research mentioned is more details on control placement as well as research regarding sitting postures are suggested. If the resulted process is delimited to concern upper body postures, other methods for posture identification may be used. Motion capture controls placement posture identification construction equipment operator environment volvo ce depth sensor inertial optical zone of reach zone of comfort H-point SIP Seat index point product development ergonomics Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Human Machine Interaction HMI WRMD Anthropometry Catia RAMSIS GEometric Kinematic backhoe loader wheel loader articulated hauler excavator Faro-Arm CMM Skeleton points skin points sitting posture operating posture categorization V model visual fields percentile road condition skill level sight point Abrasion speed visibility FOV field of view primary secondary tertiary ZoC ZoR mid-eye Design aid safety heavy truck

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