Depuis les années 80, les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication ont révolutionné le fonctionnement des télécommunications, de l’audiovisuel et de l’informatique. Comment la Grande-Bretagne a-t-elle organisé la mutation de ces secteurs afin de réunir les conditions propices à la transformation de la société britannique en société de l’information? On étudiera l’adaptation des secteurs des télécommunications et de l’audiovisuel britanniques à ce nouvel environnement par la volonté politique de Margaret Thatcher qui a initié le mouvement par la libéralisation des télécommunications et de l’audiovisuel et la mise en place de leur régulation, puis celle entreprise par les gouvernements suivants. Toutes ces évolutions ont induit des applications innovantes dans la vie des Britanniques, facteurs de mutation de la société britannique en société de l’information. / Since the 1980s the new technologies of information and communication have completely changed the telecommunications, media and computing sectors' performance. The purpose of this study is to explore how this change was brought about in the United Kingdom in order to ease the transformation of British society into an information society. This study includes a detailed survey of the reforms of the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors iniated by Margaret thatcher's government and by those which followed, as well as an analysis of how these reforms were implemented. The restructuring of the telecommunications and broadcasting markets required new regulation modes which are also given proper attention. The final section of this study assesses on the basis of concrete examples the extent to which British society has actually become a mature information society.

As novas tecnologias moldaram a sociedade atual e são fatores chave no aprimoramento do controle da Administração Pública. Com base em uma linha jurídico-sociológica, a análise da evolução do próprio Estado demonstra a elevação da função do controle. Assim, o estudo considera o conceito e possibilidades de abrangência do termo dentro desse cenário, bem como suas classificações mais relevantes para os objetivos propostos. Com o panorama do sistema de controle no país são identificados os dilemas atuais que obstam o controle no nível que dele se espera. Como elo com as novas tecnologias, a obra de Manuel Castells é referencial por apresentar os impactos que conduziram à sociedade em rede. A morfologia das redes já foi identificada na prática como forma de organização social, e não há óbice para sua implementação no controle da Administração Pública, com o emprego de ferramentas tecnológicas. As deduções são aplicadas à Plataforma de Acompanhamento de Licitações Públicas (PALP), iniciativa que simboliza o potencial transformador das novas tecnologias no controle da Administração Pública. / The new technologies have shaped the current society and are key factors in order to improve the control of Public Administration. Based on a juridical-sociological study, the analysis of the evolution of the State itself demonstrates the growth of the control function. Thus, this study considers the concept and scope of the term control, as well as its most relevant classifications, considering the proposed objectives. Taking into account the situation of control system in the country, the current dilemmas that obstruct the control at the optimum level are identified. As a link with the new technologies, the work of Manuel Castells is referential for presenting the impacts that led to the network society. The morphology of the networks has already been identified as a form of social organization, and there is no obstacle to its implementation in the control of the Public Administration, with the use of technological tools. The results are applied to the Plataforma de Acompanhamento de Licitações Públicas (PALP), an initiative that symbolizes the transformative potential of new technologies in the control of Public Administration.

Le droit du travail a connu au cours de ces trente dernières années des évolutions remarquables avec, d’une part, l’apparition de nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication au sein des entreprises et, d’autre part, l’émergence de l’exigence de justification. Alors que les employeurs sont désormais tenus d’énoncer leurs raisons d’agir et que les salariés travaillent sur des postes informatisés, se pose la question de savoir dans quelle mesure ces nouvelles caractéristiques du monde du travail ont modifié les règles de preuve applicables en la matière. Si la charge de la preuve ne paraît pas avoir été affectée par ces différentes évolutions, il en va différemment de l’objet de la preuve. En effet, l’apparition des toutes dernières technologies de l’information et de la communication participe, au-delà des apparences, à un déplacement de l’objet de la preuve, les salariés ayant désormais accès à de nouveaux éléments de preuve susceptibles d’emporter la conviction des juges. Par ailleurs, l’exigence de justification invite les juges à contrôler plus avant la décision des employeurs. Ces derniers doivent en effet désormais expliciter leurs raisons d’agir. Cela signifie concrètement qu’ils ne peuvent se contenter d’invoquer des faits objectifs, ils doivent encore convaincre les juges de la justesse de leurs décisions en détaillant les ressorts de ces dernières. Ainsi, alors que la doctrine classique avait pour habitude d’affirmer que l’offre de preuve attendue des plaideurs porte sur des faits pertinents, contestés et contestables, l’exigence de justification nous amène à ajouter des faits « contextués », c’est-à-dire des faits articulés au sein d’un discours cohérent et si nous avions pu penser dans un premier temps que l’émergence de l’exigence de justification se traduise par une part croissante de subjectivité dans les décisions de justice, force est de reconnaître au contraire que le contrôle des juges s’est renforcé / The labor law knew during these last thirty years remarkable evolutions with the appearance of new information technologies and communication in the companies and, the creation of “justification’s requirement”. In the mean time employers are now obliged to detail the motivations of their actions and the employees are working more and more on informatics work station. It’s important to understand how these new characteristics have modified the application of the rules of the proof. If the proof’s burden seems to not have been affected by these evolutions, it is not the same about the proof’s object. Indeed, beyond the appearances, the new information and communication technologies lead to a modification of the proof object by giving to the employees the access of new elements of proof susceptible to influence the judge’s conviction. Besides, the “justification’s requirement” invites the judges to better control the employer’s decision. They have now the obligation to clarify their reasons for action. Concretely it means that, to support their claims, they can’t just argue objective facts to convince the judge but they have to justify the logic of their decisions. So, while the classic doctrine had for practice to expect relevant, controversial and questionable facts as proof objects, the “justification’s requirement” brings us to add “sensible facts" (facts articulated within a coherent speech). If at the first time, we could think that the “justification’s requirement” emergence will lead to subjective decision, we are obliged to admit the reinforcement of the judge control.

Gendered bodies and new technologies has one founding premise, namely that embodiment constitutes a non-negotiable prerequisite for human life. Although this may seem like an obvious statement, it is a statement that needs to be affirmed in the virtual age wherein we live. New technologies in most of its forms tend to discredit the embodied aspects of human life and instead concentrate on the disembodied aspects thereof. Among new technologies the following are specifically noted: microelectronics, telecommunication networks, nano-technology, virtual reality, computer-mediated communications and other forms of computer technologies. In short, “new technologies” refer to all things digital. I explore the issue of embodiment from a gendered perspective, seeing that the female body is the embodiment most likely to be discarded, not only in metaphysical systems, but also in developments within new technologies. The main focus of my gendered analysis is on the visual image and more specifically as it manifests in cinema, advertisements, the Internet, interactive artwork and television. The critical perspective that foregrounds my approach is that of the fairly new field of cyberfeminism. The main concern of cyberfeminism being a critical engagement of women’s position in terms of new technologies. In this regard, cyberfeminism does not perpetuate an anti-technology stance, but rather embraces technology by emphasising the embodied nature of our existence. I have identified four body types to explore the interactions between bodies and new technologies. They are: the techno-transcendent body; the techno-enhanced body; the marked body and the cyborg body. The four body types differ in the way in which gendered embodiment is negotiated in its interaction with new technologies and these are highlighted and discussed in the four chapters dealing with these four body types. / English / D.Litt.et Phil.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-16T18:31:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IonaRangel.pdf: 1463300 bytes, checksum: a11cd26c0b1286d6bbfbcdfd280f4bb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IonaRangel.pdf: 1463300 bytes, checksum: a11cd26c0b1286d6bbfbcdfd280f4bb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work aims to examine the major changes taking place in the news building process in São Paulo regional television news in the last decade. The study of the connected digital technologies and the resulting changes in the work of professionals involved, such as journalists, technicians and engineers, was aimed, in order to understand the new applied formats in content transmission with internet help. To achieve this objective, a comparative study was performed with two stations in Vale do Paraíba metropolitan region: Vanguard TV, affiliated to Rede Globo, and Band TV Vale, filiated to Grupo Bandeirantes, that have gone through transformations in all dimensions of broadcasting news with digitalizing of their technological processes and investment in virtual environment. Through participant observation research technique, it was concluded that technology is a reality adopted in stations, contributing to make the editorial room more agile and also to approach the public to the news programs on TV. / Este trabalho dedica-se a examinar as principais mudanças que ocorrem no processo de construção da notícia nos telejornais regionais paulistas na última década. Objetivamos o estudo das tecnologias digitais conectadas e as consequentes alterações no trabalho dos profissionais envolvidos jornalistas, técnicos e engenheiros, a fim de entender os novos formatos aplicados na transmissão de conteúdo contando com o auxílio da internet. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo comparativo com duas emissoras da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba: TV Vanguarda, afiliada a Rede Globo, e a Tv Band Vale filiada ao Grupo Bandeirantes, que passaram por transformações em todas as dimensões da difusão de notícias com a digitalização dos seus processos tecnológicos e investimentos no ambiente virtual. Por meio da técnica de pesquisa observação participante chegou-se a conclusão de que a tecnologia é uma realidade adotada nas emissoras contribuindo para agilizar os trabalhos nas redações e aproximar o público dos telejornais.

[pt] Navegar é preciso, viver não é preciso, evocava o poeta Fernando Pessoa. No início do século XXI, navegar também é o verbo. Porém, navegamos todos nas ondas da internet. Sites aparecem e somem na tela em questão de segundos - basta clicar uma vez. O presente trabalho pretende investigar como a autoria se configura na contemporaneidade, considerando o surgimento das chamadas novas mídias. Serão analisados dois fenômenos: o primeiro é o do descentramento da autoria, com a publicação de experiências de escrita compartilhada em blogs e interferências do mercado editorial sobre o processo de produção da escrita, com sugestão de temas, de formatos ou procedimentos que costumavam ser geridos pelo próprio autor na criação de sua obra. O segundo fenômeno, aparentemente oposto ao primeiro, refere-se ao fortalecimento da figura do autor nos meios virtuais, especialmente nas redes sociais, o que pode nos sugerir uma ressurreição do autor. Esse fortalecimento passa pela criação da persona do autor em ambiente virtual, onde tudo parece ser impreciso, pois um único suporte - a tela do computador - é o espaço tanto da comunicação de informações consideradas reais quanto da ficção. Portanto, pretendemos investigar a presença do autor em dois campos: no campo virtual, com participação e trabalho na internet, e no campo presencial, através da participação em feiras literárias, entrevistas e outros eventos,destacando-se a sua crescente profissionalização. Michel Foucault, na década de 60, pergunta O que é um autor?, e seu questionamento permanece extremamente vívido na volatilidade dos tempos cibernéticos. / [en] Navigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse - suggested the portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa. In the beginning of the 21st century to navigate is a powerful verb, since we all navigate on the internet. At a click - sites come and go in our screens. This dissertation intends to investigate how autorship develops in contemporary times, in the face of the birth of new media. We intend to analyze two phenomena: the first one would be a decentralisation of authorship through the publishing of shared writing in blogs and the interference of the publishing market in the process of writing, with suggestions of themes, formats or procedures that used to be in authors hands in the past. This phenomenon demonstrates the progressive profissionalization of the author. The second one - apparently opposed to the first one - refers to what we might call the strenght of the author s image, especially in cyberspace, that has lead to a kind of resurrection of the author. This phenomena contributes towards the creation of an author s persona in cyberspace, where everything seems to be imprecise, since a single arena - the computer screen - is the place where both fictional and non-fictional communication takes place. Therefore, we intend to investigate the author s presence in two fields: cyberspace, through their participation and work on internet, and in real life, through their participation in literary events and interviews. What is an author? Michel Foucault asked back in the 60s, and his question remains relevant in the volatility of our cyber times.

Neste trabalho, propomos um conjunto de estratégias para enfrentar os obstáculos epistemológicos à aprendizagem da cinemática na Teoria da Relatividade Restrita. Tais estratégias são baseadas na proposta da noção de perfil conceitual de referencial (Ayala & Frezza, 2007) e visam promover uma interação cognitiva entre a Mecânica Newtoniana e Relativística. O perfil conceitual (Mortimer, 1995-2000) é um modelo para compreender a evolução conceitual em sala de aula. Para tais objetivos, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de ações em uma seqüência de aplicações de pré-testes e pós-testes com a finalidade de explicitar a concepção dos alunos sobre o aspecto a ser investigado e avaliar a evolução conceitual destes. A diferenciação entre as concepções dos alunos e aquelas cientificamente aceitas deu-se através da interpretação das concepções apresentadas, de discussões teóricas acerca do tema e da apresentação de animações construídas com o software Modellus. O público-alvo deste trabalho é formado por alunos de Licenciatura em Física, e o objetivo do mesmo é contribuir para a formação destes estudantes, futuros professores de Física. / In this work, we propose a set of strategies to face the epistemological obstacles to learning the kinematics in the Restricted Theory of Relativity. Such strategies are based on the proposal of the notion of conceptual profile of reference (Ayala & Frezza, 2007) and promote an interaction between cognitive Newtonian Mechanics and Relativistic Mechanics. The conceptual profile (Mortimer, 1995-2000) is a model for understanding the conceptual evolution of students in classroom. For these goals, we developed a set of actions in a sequence of applications of pre-tests and post-tests in order to explain the conception of students on the aspect to be investigated, and to assess your conceptual evolution. The differentiation between the students' conceptions and scientifically acceptable ones came through the interpretation of the concepts presented, theoretical discussions about the topic and the presentation of animations built with the software Modellus. The target of this work is formed by graduation students in Physics in order to contribute to your formation as future physics teachers.

Cette thèse porte sur une réflexion autour de la composition musicale arabe et les nouvelles technologies, avec comme élément central, les particularités idiosyncratiques inhérentes au langage musical.La rencontre avec les nouvelles technologies soulève plusieurs interrogations sous-jacentes. L’approche proposée consiste en la détermination d’un cadre formel avec un ensemble de structures idiomatiques selon un angle pluridisciplinaire musicologique et ethnomusicologique, mais aussi historico-acoustique et théorico-empirique à la fois.Le modèle musicologique dégagé permet de souligner : l’importance des cellules mélodiques primaires, une quantification acoustique des systèmes intervalliques, les aspects de monodie et d’hétérophonie selon le niveau individuel et collectif, une instabilité des degrés, et des aspects liés à l’interprétation musicale. Des approches originales sont envisagées concernant l’étude des mécanismes d’ornementations et trois catégories sont baptisées.La confrontation de ce modèle musicologique avec la rencontre des nouvelles technologies est établie et les conséquences de celle-ci sont soulignées. Les notions de simulation et d’émulation mettent en évidence la centralité du timbre et le recours à des échantillons audiovisuels permet d’identifier le domaine implicite de l’expérimentation. Une comparaison avec le modèle expérimental sur le plan de la musique électronique en général et l’informatique musicale en particulier est alors réalisée.Enfin, un essai de modélisation informatique dans l’environnement Csound est proposé et retrace les éléments idiosyncratiques identifiés. Des compositions électroacoustiques sont citées et une pièce est analysée. / This thesis focuses on Arabic musical composition and new technologies, with the idiosyncratic characteristics inherent in the musical language as central element.The encounter with new technologies raises several underlying questions.The approach suggested consists of a formal frame with a set of idiomatic structures according to a pluridisciplinary angle musicological and ethnomusicological, but also historical-acoustical and theorico-empirical at the same time.The musicological model revealed underlines: the importance of primary melodic cells, acoustic quantification of interval systems, monody and heterophony aspects according to individual and collective level, instability of degrees, and aspects related to musical interpretation.Original approaches are envisaged concerning the study of the mechanisms of ornamentations and three categories are baptized.The confrontation of this musicological model with new technologies’ encounter is established and the consequences of this one are underlined.Simulation and emulation concepts highlight the centrality of timbre and the use of audio-visual samples allows the identification of the implicit domain of experimentation.A comparison with the experimental model of electronic music in general and computer music in particular is therefore made.Finally, a computational modelling test in the Csound environment is proposed and traces the idiosyncratic elements identified. Electroacoustic compositions are cited and a musical work is analysed.

A presente investigação pretende, de forma qualitativa, compreender se os vídeos indexados podem modificar o planejamento pedagógico do professor de escola municipal de Porto Alegre. Para atingir esse objetivo, buscamos embasamento em uma fundamentação teórica de fundo piagetiano, voltada para a construção do conhecimento e suas diversas possibilidades, além das teorias relativas às questões do vídeo e do computador no processo educativo, a partir do seu envolvimento como suporte pedagógico orientado na pedagogia de projetos. Inserido nesse contexto, propõe-se o SACCA (Sistema Automático de Catalogação de Conteúdo Audiovisual), que possibilita o processo de indexação de vídeos com a intermediação de um usuário que assiste ao vídeo e define as palavras-chaves que irão compor o índice. Posteriormente, poderá se navegar no interior desses vídeos permitindo ter uma visão rápida do que o vídeo trata. Foram acrescentados 49 vídeos da História do Brasil e disponibilizados para os professores de História do 3º Ciclo das Escolas da Rede Municipal de Porto Alegre participantes da pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas. A partir das perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa e da investigação realizada, são definidas categorias de análise para as reflexões e as conclusões desta tese. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso dos vídeos indexados pode modificar o planejamento pedagógico do professor. / The present investigation intends to understand in a qualitative way if the indexed videos can modify the teacher's pedagogical planning of a public school in Porto Alegre. We searched for a theoretical Piagetian approach, in order to achieve this purpose, turned to the construction of knowledge and its several possibilities, besides the theories related to the points of the video and computer in the educational process, starting from its involvement as a pedagogical support guided in the pedagogy of projects. Inserted in this context, SACCA (Automatic System of Cataloguing of Audiovisual Content) is proposed, which makes the process of indexation of videos possible, with the user's intermediation who sees the video and defines the key-words, which will compose the index. Later, one can navigate in the interior of these videos allowing a fast vision of what the video deals with. 49 videos of the Brazilian History were added and available for the History teachers of the 3rd Cycle of the Public Schools in Porto Alegre, participants in the research. The data were collected through interviews. Starting from the directed questions of the research and of the accomplished investigation, analysis categories for the reflections and the conclusions of this theory are defined. The obtained results indicate that the use of the indexed videos can modify the teacher's pedagogical planning.

[pt] Esta dissertação trata dos discursos em torno do surgimento das novas tecnologias. O entendimento da relevância do como se diz, para que se elucide o contexto do novo, busca na Análise do Discurso uma metodologia para a compreensão de tais discursos. Para tanto, a partir do estudo de caso de vídeos sobre a divulgação da TV digital interativa no Brasil, será demonstrada a contribuição do Design para a análise do discurso híbrido, presente na linguagem audiovisual. / [en] This dissertation deals with the discourses on the emergence of the new technologies. The understanding of the relevance of how to say, in order to clarify the context of the new, seeks in the Discourse Analysis a methodology for the comprehension of such discourses. To do so, from the study case of videos on the divulgation of interactive digital TV in Brazil, will be demonstrated the contribution of Design to the analysis of the hybrid discourse, present in the audiovisual language.