• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 52
  • 18
  • 5
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 102
  • 102
  • 29
  • 21
  • 15
  • 15
  • 15
  • 14
  • 14
  • 13
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 8
  • 8
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Empirical essays on education and social cohesion in fragile settings / Essais empiriques sur l’´education et la cohésion sociale dans les contextes fragiles

Musić, Almedina 31 May 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse se compose de trois essais sur l’éducation et la cohésion sociale dans les pays en développement, et plus particulièrement en Égypte et en Indonésie. Le premier chapitre analyse les comportements des ménages en Égypte, notamment l’investissement pour l’éducation et la santé, suite à la révolution de 2011, que nous interprétons ici comme un environnement instable. Pour étudier les effets du déclenchement de la révolution Égyptienne, nous combinons l’enquête représentative des ménages avec un enregistrement statistique unique de toutes les personnes arrêtées, blessées ou tuées lors des manifestations politiques dans le pays. Nos résultats montrent que les ménages adaptent considérablement leur comportement dans un contexte politique instable. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les conséquences des tremblements de terre sur l’éducation et les mesures de santé des enfants en Indonésie. Nous constatons que les résultats en matière d’éducation et de santé des enfants sont négativement affectées lorsqu’un ménage subit un tremblement de terre, avec une certaine hétérogénéité selon l’âge et le sexe de l’enfant. Le troisième chapitre analyse les effets du favoritisme ethnique dans l’attribution des transferts gouvernementaux aux ménages suite à une catastrophe naturelle Les résultats suggèrent que bien que tous les ménages d’un même village soient affectées, les ménages les plus susceptibles de recevoir des transferts gouvernementaux sont ceux qui partagent la même origine ethnique que le leader de la communauté. Mes conclusions démontrent également que dans les villages ou le favoritisme ethnique est répandu, la confiance entre groupes ethniques s’est réduite entre 2007 et 2014. / This thesis is a collection of three independent essays in empirical development economics, with a particular focus on the study of mechanisms that impact education and social cohesion in Egypt and Indonesia. The first chapter analyses the effects of the Egyptian Revolution on education and health spendings as well as savings. We construct a new measure of revolution intensity and match a representative household panel survey data with a unique statistical record that documents the number of arrested, injured and deaths during the uprisings in Egypt. We find that households significantly adapt their behaviour in a politically unstable environment. The second chapter analyses the short and long-term effects of earthquakes on children’s education and health outcomes. Findings rely on individual-level panel data from large-scale household surveys combined with precise measures of local ground tremors obtained from a US Geological Survey database. Results suggest that children’s education and health out-comes decrease with some heterogeneity by age and gender. The third chapter identifies ethnic favouritism in the distribution of post-disaster aid at household level in the context of Indonesia. Results show that co-ethnic households are more likely to receive post-disaster relief transfers than households that were equally affected by a natural disaster, but do not share the same ethnicity as the community leader. Results also suggest that ethnic favouritism significantly reduces social cohesion measured by trust in affected communities.Keywords: Education; Health; Cognitive skills; Critical age; Post-disaster aid; Household savings; Trust; Natural disaster; Political instability; Ethnic diversity; Ethnic favouritism; Egypt; Indonesia.
92

Avaliação dos instrumentos de mensuração de competências socioemocionais no contexto escolar / Evaluation of personality assessments at schools

Luan Pires Paciência 23 September 2016 (has links)
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento manipulador relacionado à aplicação de instrumentos de mensuração de competências socioemocionais no ambiente escolar estimulado por duas abordagens que configuram contextos low-stake: o efeito da disseminação da informação sobre essas competências e suas relações com bem-estar e progresso social e da possibilidade dos professores receberem as respostas individuais dos alunos. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento com 2853 alunos de 10 escolas públicas da rede estadual de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que os alunos são capazes de inflar suas respostas no sentido da desejabilidade social e que as duas abordagens fazem com que os alunos se sintam mais motivados em manipular suas respostas. Além disso, os resultados mostram que a inclusão de uma notificação sobre um mecanismo de detecção de respostas falsas no questionário cria uma barreira e desestimula o comportamento manipulador. / This dissertation aims to examine faking behaviour in personality assessments at schools. Two approaches that create low-stakes environments are investigated: information spreading about non-cognitive skills and their impact on well-being and social progress and the fact that teachers would receive individual students\' answers. Using a CRT technique with 2853 students from 10 São Paulo state public schools, we find that students are capable to fake their answers and these two approaches turn them more motivated to engage in faking. Moreover, we show that a warning about untruthful answers attached to the questionnaire imposes a cost, discouraging faking behaviour
93

The impacts of early childhood investment: an approach through latent cognitive skills

Pires, Luciana Neves 16 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Neves Pires (luciananevespires@gmail.com) on 2018-06-11T21:16:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Luciana_Pires.pdf: 3233234 bytes, checksum: eb9f7c63f3f64a45aef5050fd19ef699 (MD5) / Rejected by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Luciana boa noite, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho são necessários realizar alguns ajustes conforme norma ABNT/APA. Você deverá excluir a segunda folha (que é a contracapa) e em substituição a essa, deverá incluir no lugar, a página 04 (lembrando que em seguida deverá excluir a página 04 pois caso contrário ficará em duplicidade) Após os ajustes excluir o pdf já postado e submete-lo novamente para análise e aprovação. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição, Att. Katia Menezes on 2018-06-11T22:20:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by Luciana Neves Pires (luciananevespires@gmail.com) on 2018-06-12T13:15:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 3217177 bytes, checksum: 942fa504698be8667266a226b890950d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-12T13:25:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 3217177 bytes, checksum: 942fa504698be8667266a226b890950d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-06-12T20:07:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 3217177 bytes, checksum: 942fa504698be8667266a226b890950d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T20:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 3217177 bytes, checksum: 942fa504698be8667266a226b890950d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-16 / This work contributes to the literature of human capital formation by estimating the impact of early childhood investment (by means of preschool attendance) over cognitive skill development. Using a longitudinal panel dataset for a single municipality, we draw the distribution of latent cognitive and non-cognitive factors and consider a dynamic model of skill formation. We find our Constant Elasticity Substitution (CES) production function to be a Cobb-Douglas. The complementarity and share parameters of the CES are stable in diverse specifications tested. We find that early investment matters for cognitive skill accumulation during childhood. Preliminar estimation for long-term cognitive production presents evidence of self-productivity (skill begets skill). Since cognitive skill is persistent overtime, early childhood investment has a positive cumulative impact in the long-term by boosting cognitive skills in earlier stages. / Este trabalho contribui para a literatura de formação de capital humano estimando o impacto do investimento na primeira infância (por meio da frequência pré-escolar) sobre o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas. Usando um painel longitudinal com dados para um único município, extraímos a distribuição dos fatores cognitivo e não-cognitivo e consideramos um modelo dinâmico de formação de habilidades. A função de produção Elasticidade Substituição Constante (CES) que estimamos é uma Cobb-Douglas. Os parâmetros de complementaridade e participação na CES são estáveis para diversas especificações testadas. Encontramos que o investimento na primeira infância é importante para o acúmulo de habilidades cognitivas durante a infância. Estimativas preliminares da função de produção usando medidas de longo prazo para o fator cognitivo apresentam evidências de autoprodutividade (habilidade gera habilidade). Como a habilidade cognitiva é persistente ao longo do tempo, o investimento na primeira infância tem um efeito cumulativo positivo no longo prazo, impulsionando as habilidades cognitivas nos estágios iniciais.
94

Vliv přírodního prostředí na rozvoj pohybových a poznávacích schopností dítěte předškolního věku / Influence of the natural environment on the development of motor and cognitive abilities of preschool age.

Havířová, Martina January 2013 (has links)
This work deals with the effect the natural environment on the development of motor and cognitive abilities of preschool age. The aim is to determine the effect of education in the natural environment to the level of motor skills and knowledge of preschool children. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of preschool age. Acquaints with the development of motor skills and their training in the natural environment. It also deals with the cognitive component of the preschool child's personality and the possibilities of its development in the countryside. Zooms problems of education in a forest environment, types of learnin and methods of training in the various components of the child's personality just in a forest. The practical part is a qualitative research method used is a questionnaire survey among kindergarten teachers to determine the most commonly used educational environment, the method standardized test for 4-6-year old children to determine the level of motor skills of the children, and the method of diagnostic interview, which examined the effect of natural environments on children's knowledge. Results in agreement with reported literature confirm the positive influence of education in the natural environment for the development of several components of the child's personality.
95

Preferences, Ability, and Personality : Understanding Decision-making Under Risk and Delay / Les préférences pour le risque et le temps, les aptitudes, et la personnalité : Comprendre la prise de décision en situation de risque

Jagelka, Tomáš 13 June 2019 (has links)
Les préférences, les aptitudes et la personnalité prédisent un large éventail de réalisations économiques. Je les mets en correspondance dans un cadre structurel de prise de décision en utilisant des données expérimentales uniques collectées sur plus de 1 200 personnes prenant chacune plus de 100 décisions à enjeu financier.J’estime conjointement les distributions des préférences pour le risque et le temps dans la population, leur stabilité au niveau individuel et la tendance des gens à faire des erreurs. J’utilise le modèle à préférences aléatoires (RPM) dont il a été récemment démontré que ses propriétés théoriques sont supérieures à celles des modèles précédemment employés. Je montre que le RPM a une forte validité interne. Les cinq paramètres structurels estimés dominent un large éventail de variables démographiques et socio-économiques lorsqu'il s'agit d'expliquer des choix individuels observés.Je démontre l’importance économique et économétrique de l’utilisation des chocs aux préférences et de l’incorporation du paramètre dit de « la main tremblante ». Les erreurs et l’instabilité des préférences sont liées à des capacités différentes. Je propose un indice de rationalité qui les condense en un indicateur unique prédictif des pertes de bien-être.J'utilise un modèle à facteurs pour extraire la capacité cognitive et les « Big Five » traits de la personnalité à partir de nombreuses mesures. Ils expliquent jusqu’à 50% de la variation des préférences des gens et de leur capacité à faire des choix rationnels. La conscienciosité explique à elle seule 45% et 10% de la variation transversale du taux d'actualisation et de l'aversion au risque, ainsi que 20% de la variation de leur stabilité individuelle. En outre, l'aversion au risque est liée à l'extraversion et les erreurs dépendent des capacités cognitives, de l’effort, et des paramètres des tâches. Les préférences sont stables pour l'individu médian. Néanmoins, une partie de la population a une certaine instabilité des préférences qui est indicative d’une connaissance de soi imparfaite.Ces résultats ont des implications à la fois pour la spécification des modèles économiques de forme réduite et structurels, et aussi pour l’explication des inégalités et de la transmission intergénérationnelle du statut socio-économique. / Preferences, ability, and personality predict a wide range of economic outcomes. I establish a mapping between them in a structural framework of decision-making under risk and delay using unique experimental data with information on over 100 incentivized choice tasks for each of more than 1,200 individuals.I jointly estimate population distributions of risk and time preferences complete with their individual-level stability and of people’s propensity to make mistakes. I am the first to do so using the Random Preference Model (RPM) which has been recently shown to have desirable theoretical properties over previously used frameworks. I show that the RPM has high internal validity. The five estimated structural parameters largely dominate a wide range of demographic and socio-economic variables when it comes to explaining observed individual choices between risky lotteries and time-separated payments.I demonstrate the economic and econometric significance of appending shocks directly to preferences and of incorporating the trembling hand parameter - their necessary complement in this framework. Mistakes and preference instability are not only separately identified but they are also linked to different cognitive and non-cognitive skills. I propose a Rationality Index which condenses them into a single indicator predictive of welfare loss.I use a factor model to extract cognitive ability and Big Five personality traits from noisy measures. They explain up to 50% of the variation in both average preferences and in individuals’ capacity to make consistent rational choices. Conscientiousness explains 45% and 10% respectively of the cross-sectional variation discount rates and risk aversion respectively as well as 20% of the variation in their individual-level stability. Furthermore, risk aversion is related to extraversion and mistakes are a function of cognitive ability, task design, and of effort. Preferences are stable for the median individual. Nevertheless, a part of the population exhibits some degree of preference instability consistent with imperfect self-knowledge.These results have implications both for specifying reduced form and structural economic models, and for explaining inequality and the inter-generational transmission of socioeconomic status.
96

An Evaluation of the completion and Recidivism Rates for a Collaborative Community - College Based Alcohol and Other Drug Offenders Diversion Program

Minor, Dale Michael 24 September 2007 (has links)
No description available.
97

Gender and Cognitive Skills throughout Childhood

Gibbs, Benjamin Guild 11 September 2009 (has links)
No description available.
98

Přístupy k ,,výchově charakteru" založené na důkazech / Evidence-based Approaches to Character Education

Doležalová, Petra January 2017 (has links)
This thesis looks into evidence-based character education as it is researched and applied in the Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom, as a parallel to Personal and Social Education in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to provide an overview of scientifically studied approaches to the development of human character, inclusive of efficient means of their dissemination. The first part of the thesis includes definition of terms, philosophical and historical foundations of character education, description and classification of character strengths, and their effects on human flourishing. Based on analysis of available sources, the next part of the thesis presents empirically tested examples of best practices being applied in families, schools, and other organizations. It is followed by a part describing certain problems which character education is currently facing and finally a summary of possible solutions. It becomes apparent that character needs to be approached in its entirety with focus aimed toward harmonious development of a wide range of character strengths. Their cultivation by means of upbringing and education shows positive effect on individual as well as societal flourishing - it builds a strong base for the evolution of cognitive skills by developing...
99

Adversité socioéconomique, fréquentation d’un service d’éducation préscolaire, et développement de l’enfant : investigations expérimentales et longitudinales populationnelles

Larose, Marie-Pier 11 1900 (has links)
Problématique : L’exposition à l’adversité socioéconomique pendant les premières années de vie peut avoir des conséquences à long terme sur la santé physique et mentale de l’enfant. La fréquentation des services d’éducation préscolaire (SEP) a été proposée comme un moyen de promouvoir le développement des enfants de familles plus défavorisées permettant ainsi de contrecarrer les conséquences négatives associées aux contextes de vie adverses auxquels ils sont exposés. Les SEP sont désormais accessibles à la population et largement utilisés par les parents pour leurs enfants d’âge préscolaire. Cependant, des processus de sélection sociale font en sorte que les enfants plus défavorisés sont moins nombreux à fréquenter les SEP. De plus, bien que les SEP soient généralement des milieux de vie cognitivement et socialement stimulants, il existe des variations importantes dans la qualité de ces services. De surcroît, ces milieux sont propices à des situations pouvant susciter du stress et l’expression de comportements perturbateurs. Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’examiner les associations entre l’adversité socioéconomique, la fréquentation des SEP et le développement de l’enfant selon une approche des parcours de vie, en prêtant une attention particulière aux effets de sélection sociale connus pour être présents dans les SEP. Quatre articles composent cette thèse. Les deux premiers articles examinent l’effet d’un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales implanté dans des SEP de quartiers défavorisés sur la fréquence des comportements perturbateurs et les indicateurs neurophysiologiques du stress vécu par les enfants. De plus, nous avons investigué si l’adversité socioéconomique de la famille modifiait la magnitude des impacts attendus du programme. Dans le troisième article, nous examinons le rôle de la fréquentation des SEP dans la relation entre l’exposition à l’adversité au début de la vie, les habiletés cognitives de l’enfant et l’expression de comportements perturbateurs à l’adolescence. Avec le quatrième article de la thèse, nous étudions l’association entre la fréquentation des SEP et le taux de diplomation de l’école secondaire, et nous examinons si cette association est magnifiée auprès des enfants issus de mères avec un plus faible niveau d’éducation. Nous réalisons également une analyse bénéfice-coût afin d’évaluer si la subvention publique des SEP est une solution économiquement rentable. Méthodes : Les données utilisées pour les deux premiers articles proviennent d’un essai randomisé en grappes où 19 SEP (n = 362 enfants) de quartiers économiquement défavorisés ont été randomisés à la condition expérimentale : recevoir un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales, ou à la condition contrôle de type liste d’attente. Dans le projet « Brindami », les comportements perturbateurs ont été mesurés par le biais de questionnaires répondus par les éducatrices alors que le stress a été quantifié par la sécrétion cortisolaire diurne mesurée dans la salive. Ces mesures ont été effectuées à deux reprises, avant et après l’intervention. Afin d’étudier l’impact du programme, des analyses multiniveaux et à mesures répétées ont été utilisées. Les effets de sélection sociale ont été considérés par l’application de critères de sélection stricts en regard de la défavorisation des SEP. Les données des troisième et quatrième articles proviennent de l’Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), où 14 451 familles ont été suivis de 1991-2020. La fréquentation des SEP et l’exposition à l’adversité socioéconomique ont été mesurées par questionnaire au cours des quatre premières années de vie de l’enfant. Les habiletés cognitives de l’enfant ont été mesurées lors d’une visite en laboratoire lorsque l’enfant était âgé de huit ans. Les comportements perturbateurs de l’enfant ont été évalués par la mère à trois reprises au cours de l’adolescence à l’aide d’un questionnaire validé. Les informations sur la diplomation de l’école obligatoire ont été obtenues grâce à l’établissement d’un lien entre la base administrative du National Pupil Database du Royaume-Uni et de l’étude ALSPAC. Des analyses de médiation modérées et des analyses de régression multinomiale ont été utilisées. Les effets de sélection ont été estimés et minimisés par le biais de l’utilisation de coefficients de propension. Résultats : Dans les deux premiers articles, nous avons montré que l’implantation d’un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés sociales était associée à 1) une diminution des comportements perturbateurs, mais seulement chez les filles, et 2) à des patrons de sécrétion cortisolaire diurnes plus normatifs, et ce, particulièrement chez les enfants de familles plus économiquement défavorisés. Les résultats issus du troisième article suggèrent que, pour les enfants exposés à de l’adversité socioéconomique, la fréquentation des SEP est associée à une diminution des comportements perturbateurs à l’adolescence via l’augmentation des habiletés cognitives de ces derniers à l’enfance. Enfin, le quatrième article présente une association entre la fréquentation des SEP et la diplomation scolaire pour les enfants de mères ayant un plus faible niveau d’éducation, et suggère que les politiques publiques visant à subventionner la fréquentation des SEP pour ces enfants sont des stratégies économiquement rentables. Implications : Cette thèse souligne l’importance de la fréquentation des SEP pour les enfants exposés à de l’adversité socioéconomique. Afin que les SEP deviennent une stratégie de réduction des iniquités de santé pour un plus grand nombre d’enfants, les futures initiatives de santé publique devront chercher à minimiser les effets de sélection sociale dans l’élaboration de leur politique. / Background: Early life adversity is associated with life-long consequences on children's physical and mental health. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) attendance has been proposed as a solution to promote the development of children from vulnerable families and thus diminishing the negative consequences associated with their early exposure to adversity. ECEC is widely available to the general population and used by working parents for their preschool children. However, because of social selection processes, vulnerable children are less likely to attend ECEC than their more advantaged counterparts. In addition, although ECEC is generally a cognitively and socially stimulating environment, there are significant variations in the quality of these services. Moreover, ECEC are conducive to situations that can be a stressful and associated with the expression of disruptive behaviors. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to examine the associations between exposure to socioeconomic adversity, ECEC attendance, and children development while using a life-course approach and paying particular attention to social selection processes into ECEC. This thesis is divided into four papers. The first two articles examine the impact of a social skills training program implemented in ECEC facilities of low-income neighborhoods on children's levels of disruptive behaviour and stress. In addition, these papers investigate the moderating role of family socioeconomic adversity on the impact of the program. The third paper examines the moderating effect of ECEC attendance on the association between exposure to early life adversity and disruptive behaviours during adolescence via children's cognitive abilities. The fourth paper investigates whether ECEC attendance is associated with higher rates of compulsory school graduation, and whether this association is stronger among children of mothers with lower levels of education. Finally, this paper provides a benefit-cost ratio analysis to assess whether subsidising ECEC is an economically viable option. Methods: The first two papers used data from the Brindami cluster randomized trial in which 19 ECEC facilities (n = 362 children) from low-income neighborhoods were randomized to the experimental condition: receiving a social skills training program, or to the waiting list control condition. Levels of disruptive behaviours and stress levels assess with salivary cortisol were measured at pre- and post-intervention. Multi-level analysis with repeated measures were used to study the impact of the program. Social selection effects were considered through the application of strict ECEC selection criteria. For the third and fourth thesis paper, data were drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) where 14,451 families were followed from 1991-2020. ECEC attendance and exposure to early life adversity were measured by questionnaires during the child's first four years of life. Children’s cognitive abilities were measured during a laboratory visit when the child was eight years old. Children’s disruptive behaviours were assessed by the mother on three occasions during adolescence using a validated questionnaire. Information on compulsory school graduation was obtained via a linkage between the United Kingdom National Pupil Database and the children from the ALSPAC study. Moderated mediation and multinomial regression analyses were used. Social selection effects were controlled through the use of propensity scores. Results: The first two papers showed that the implementation of a social skills training program was associated with 1) a decrease in disruptive behaviours, but only among girls, and 2) with more normative diurnal cortisol secretion patterns, particularly for children of economically disadvantaged families. The third paper suggests that for children exposed to early life adversity, ECEC attendance is associated with a decrease in disruptive behaviours during adolescence via an increase in children’s cognitive abilities. Finally, the fourth paper presents a significant association between ECEC attendance and school graduation for children of mothers with lower levels of education and suggests that subsidising ECEC for these children is a cost-effective measure. Implications: This thesis highlights the importance of ECEC attendance for children exposed to socioeconomic adversity. To achieve ECEC social equalizing effect, stakeholders need to consider social selection processes into ECEC in the elaboration of their policy.
100

The Impact of a Race-Based Intervention Program on One African American Male at a Predominately White Institution: An Autoethnographic Study

Brown, Kenneth J. January 2020 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0869 seconds