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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Professionellas uppfattning om användbarheten av en checklista (Check: IRK) för initial riskbedömning av riskfaktorer för kriminalitet / How professional find the usability of a checklist (Check: IRK) for initial risk assessment of risk factors for criminal behavior

Rehnvall, Malin, Strand, Johanna January 2014 (has links)
Check: IRK (Initial Riskbedömning för Kriminalitet) är en nyutvecklad evidensbaserad checklista tänkt att användas av professionella i initiala bedömningar för att identifiera riskfaktorer för kriminalitet hos ungdomar och vuxna med risk för långvarigt kriminellt beteende. Syftet med vår studie var att i en första pilottestning ta reda på hur professionella inom polis och socialtjänst uppfattar användbarheten av Check: IRK. Via en webbenkätundersökning besvarade 21 respondenter, varav 6 män och 15 kvinnor mellan 26-47 år (M=36 år, SD=6,70) på frågor gällande innehåll, tillämpning och utbildning i Check: IRK. Studiens data analyserades med Z-test och resultaten indikerar att utifrån innehåll, tillämpning och utbildning i checklistan så uppfattar professionella inom polis och socialtjänst Check: IRK som användbar i sitt arbete. / Check: IRK is a newly developed evidence-based checklist designed to be used by professionals in the initial assessment to identify risk factors for criminality in adolescents and adults at risk of long-term criminal behavior. The current pilot study investigated how professionals within the police and social services perceived the usefulness of Check: IRK. Through a web survey 21 respondents including 6 men and 15 women between the age of 26-47 years (M=36 years, SD=6,70) answered questions regarding the content, implementation and training of the Check: IRK. Data were analyzed using Z-test and the results indicated that professionals within the police and social services find the Check: IRK to be useful in their daily work.
232

Objektrelationer hos livsstilskriminella män : En litteraturstudie / Object relations in men with a criminal lifestyle : A literature study

Lindblom, Sophia January 2018 (has links)
Inledning: I föreliggande litteraturstudie analyseras tre kvantitativa studier somundersökt sambanden mellan objektrelationer och antisocial personlighetsstörningoch psykopati hos kriminella män. Målgruppen överensstämmer väl med personermed kriminell livsstil. Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att utifrån den samladekunskapen öka förståelsen för de omedvetna emotionella processerna hospersoner med kriminell livsstil. En ökad förståelse antas kunna bidra till bättreanpassad behandling för målgruppen. Frågeställningar: Vilka objektrelationer finns hos livsstilskriminella män? Hurkan en större förståelse inom området bidra till bättre anpassade interventionerför målgruppen? Metod: Studierna har inkluderats genom databassökning och analyserats genomtematisering där generella och specifika aspekter av objektrelationer hosmålgruppen identifierats. Resultat: Resultatet visar att målgruppen generellt har enpersonlighetsorganisation på borderlinenivå. Specifikt är egocentrism denintrapsykiska aspekt som är mest karaktäristisk. Interventioner som visat sigframgångsrika med andra former av personlighetsstörningar inom kluster B antasvara användbara för målgruppen. Diskussion: Vidare forskning behövs om hur målgruppens egocentrism skahanteras i den terapeutiska situationen. Psykoedukativa inslag om egocentrismantas kunna bidra till att klienten idealiserar denna kunskap, vilket kan vändas tillett intresse för det egna inre. / Introduction: In this literature study, the relationships between objectrelationships and antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy among criminalswas analysed. The aim is to increase the understanding of the unconsciousemotional processes of people with a criminal lifestyle. An increasedunderstanding is believed to contribute to better tailored interventions for thetarget group. Issues: What object relations are found in men with a criminal lifestyle? How cana greater understanding in the area contribute to better tailored interventions forthe target group? Methods: The studies have been included through database search and examinedthrough thematization. General and specific aspects of object relations wereidentified. Results: The result shows that the target group generally has a personalityorganization at borderline level. Specifically, egocentrism is the characteristicaspect. Interventions that have proved to be successful with other personalitydisorders within cluster B are believed to be useful to the target group. Discussion: Further research is needed to examine how egocentrism should behandled in the therapeutic situation. Psycho-educative elements aboutegocentrism are believed to help the client idealize this knowledge and turn it intoan interest in his own mental states.
233

L’exercice de la justice en Bresse sous le règne d’Amédée VIII de Savoie (1420-1440)

Darrieu, Jérémie 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
234

'Criminality, pure and simple' : an analysis of violent opposition to the police in the 2011 English riots

Scrase, Stuart Thomas January 2017 (has links)
In 2011 five days of rioting spread across many English towns and cities. David Cameron, then UK Prime Minister, described these events as ‘criminality, pure and simple’, inhibiting serious examination of what happened and justifying harsh punitive sentences for rioters. This thesis explains and counters the naïve individualism that underpins the discourse of ‘criminality’; but further argues that such discursive acts are representative of a broader problem within the social order that is causally implicated the violence in 2011. In contrast to the popular and sociological approach of analysing the singular ‘riot’, ‘riot actions’ are conceptualised as the foci of analysis, and in turn argued as acts of resistance generated by the organisation and practice of power within the social order. Thus riot actions are conceptualised and function as a symptom and entry point by which analysis can better get under the skin of the social order and understand its failing. Arguing for violent acts against the police as symptomatic of the social order’s failure, the thesis examines instances of these in the 2011 and 1980s riots. The thesis explores and compares the involvement of race, exclusion, social identity, and police during and across these periods. It further examines how neoliberal forms of exclusion have shaped the possibilities of riotous actions, before performing a situational analysis of video footage of the 2011 riots. To facilitate this approach the thesis develops a theory of action/resistance through an account of the production of agency. The theory connects Bourdieu’s theorisation of habitus and disposition, utilises an expressive understanding of shame and self-esteem, and Butler’s notion of performativity. Thus we seek to understand how structured experiences, in particular social and economic exclusion, become meaningful to those excluded, and how this shapes violent acts as meaningful performances. The thesis argues that resistance is generated through power relations, which amongst many rioters, are failing to reproduce the sense of self-worth required for identification with and engagement in, the social order. From this standpoint, then, riotous resistance cannot be explained as distinct from the social order, which shapes agency’s ‘necessary scene’, but as rational and emotional responses to it. The emergence of neoliberalism and individualism in the 1970s and 1980s created an epistemological and thus ontological shift, reshaping how disrespect and disempowerment is experienced and understood by excluded groups. These shifts or emergences have diminished the capacity of socially and economically excluded groups to generate Politicised identities and forms of resistance. Consequently, rather than ‘criminality’ - a moral condemnation - the 1980s and 2011, saw an increasing emergence of individualised - rather than Politicised - forms of resistance against the social and political order. Individualised resistance to power within the social order is ‘performed’ through short-term goals that momentarily re- arrange these power relations with regards to the self and police. In these behaviours, structurally produced shame and anger are expressed, social identities are formed and realised through a common complaint and goal, and the self achieves value through attacking or confounding the police.
235

A transição criminológica na RMPA entre 1991 e 2000 : a sua manifestação através da análise dos apenados e dos delitos entre os municípios da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA)

Basegio, Leandro Jesus January 2010 (has links)
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como os determinantes socioeconômicos contextuais influenciaram na produção e no fortalecimento de tendências criminogênicas, entre os municípios da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, mediante a utilização de análises multivariadas entre anos de 1991 e 2000. Buscamos construir um modelo empírico causal para avaliar as questões indicadas e também captar em que medida as transformações qualitativas que a criminalidade vem sofrendo - em decorrência de mudanças macro-estruturais de caráter mais amplo - têm penetrado nos municípios da RMPA. Para tanto, nos servimos de técnicas estatísticas de análise de regressões múltiplas para captar nexos causais entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes em modelos longitudinais. Também utilizamos alguns modelos transversais para os referidos anos, com o objetivo de perceber as covariações entre as variáveis selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos nas regressões foram interpretados a partir de uma série de perspectivas teóricas que tratam do fenômeno da criminalidade. Para avaliar os dados obtidos utilizamos, principalmente, a perspectiva da transição etiológica da criminalidade. A análise tem como suas variáveis dependentes às taxas de apenados por delitos selecionados. Dentre os resultados que alcançamos podemos indicar a constatação da relação entre uma forma nova da desorganização social e o avanço de grupos criminosos. Contudo, os resultados obtidos devem servir principalmente para a ampliação de estudos de mesmo perfil teórico e metodológico. / The goal of this research is to examine the influence that contextual socioeconomic factors had in producing and strengthening criminogenic tendencies among municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area, by means of multi-varied analyses for the years between 1991 and 2000. We sought to build a causal empirical model to evaluate the issues listed and also to determine the extent to which the qualitative changes that crime has been undergoing - as a result of macro-structural changes of a broader nature - have penetrated the municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area. To this end, we employed statistical techniques of multiple regression analysis to determine causal links between independent and dependent variables in longitudinal models. We also used some transversal models for the years in question in order to perceive the covariations between the selected variables. The results obtained in the regressions were interpreted from a number of theoretical perspectives that address the phenomenon of crime. To evaluate the data we mainly used the perspective of the etiological transition of crime. The dependent variables of the analysis are the conviction rates for selected crimes. Among the results we came to, we can confirm the relationship between a new form of social disorganization and the advancement of criminal groups. However, the results obtained should serve mainly to increase further studies of the same theoretical and methodological profile.
236

Criminalidade, violência e desenvolvimento no Rio Grande do Sul

Concha Amin, Mönica January 2011 (has links)
A temática central desta tese consiste em explorar a relação entre criminalidade, violência e desenvolvimento, através de fatores determinantes da violência. Vale notar que violência e criminalidade são estudadas por diferentes ciências, entre essas ciências, destacam-se Sociologia, Criminologia, Psiquiatria, Direito e Economia. Neste trabalho, a definição de “desenvolvimento” escolhida é a de Desenvolvimento Humano utilizada pelas Nações Unidas a qual tem como tema central a qualidade e a riqueza das vidas humanas e não apenas a produção de bens e serviços e o crescimento do produto. Sob a visão mais ampla de desenvolvimento humano, a área da Segurança Humana considera os riscos que ameaçam a qualidade de vida das pessoas, a saber: riscos naturais, financeiros, econômicos, de conflito, de terrorismo e de violência. A hipótese geral da tese parte da premissa que um desenvolvimento incompleto ou falho é acompanhado de violência, delinquência e criminalidade. Esta tese é composta por uma introdução, uma revisão de literatura econômica do crime, três ensaios com apêndice, conclusões e referências. Separadamente, cada ensaio aborda o tema desde um ângulo diferente, com modelos aplicados que usam dados de contagem em painel, em corte transversal, assim como regressão logística. De forma conjunta, os ensaios mencionados visam a auxiliar na compreensão empírica do complexo fenômeno da violência e sua relação com o desenvolvimento com estudo de caso para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A ligação entre os três ensaios é constituída pelos determinantes da violência e da delinquência no Estado, em nível municipal ou de pessoas. Não se trata somente da racionalidade individual que explica esses eventos sociais, mas de um conjunto de fatores que rodeiam a pessoa como tal. No primeiro ensaio, foram identificados determinantes socioeconômicos do número esperado de delitos em 236 Municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006. Para municípios com indicadores locais de alto desenvolvimento socioeconômico, resultados bons nesses indicadores não são acompanhados por reduções do número de todos os delitos, o que resulta contraditório em relação à qualidade de vida das pessoas, considerando a definição de desenvolvimento supracitada e o risco de violência desde a Segurança Humana. No segundo ensaio, a população adolescente de Porto Alegre com medida de internação em instituições da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-educativo (FASE) recebeu atenção e foram avaliados vários fatores de risco de delinquência para explicar os reingressos nas unidades da FASE. Condições socioeconômicas de alta vulnerabilidade social e estruturas familiares fragilizadas coincidem entre o grupo de adolescentes com medida de internação em Porto Alegre no período entre 2002 e 2008. Porém, consumo de drogas foi a variável estatisticamente significativa para explicar a probabilidade de reingresso nas unidades de internação. No terceiro ensaio, explorou-se a ligação drogas-crime através de uma análise descritiva do mercado de drogas ilícitas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente, o número de ocorrências policiais para uso e tráfico de drogas ilícitas. / The main subject of this dissertation consists of exploring the relation among criminality, violence and development, through determinants factors of the violence. It is worth noting that violence and criminality have been studied by different sciences, among these sciences, Sociology, Criminology, Psychiatry, Law and Economics. In this work, the definition of “development” said about Human Development used by United Nations which has as central subject the quality and the wealth of the human lives and not only the production of goods and services and the growth of the product. Under the wide vision of human development, the Human Security approach considers the risks that threaten the quality of life such as: natural risk, financial risk, economic risk, conflict, terrorism and violence. The general hypothesis of the dissertation consists of that an incomplete development or with failures includes violence delinquency and criminality. This dissertation consists of an introduction, a brief survey of literature, three essays with annexes, conclusions and references. Each essay explores the subject since a different angle, with applied models that use Count data or logistic regression. Together, the mentioned essays aim at to partially assist in the theoretical understanding of the complex phenomenon of the violence and its relation with the development with study of case for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The link among the three essays consists of the determinants factors of the violence and the delinquency in the state. It is not only the rationality that explains those social events, but a set of factors roundabout the person. In the first essay, were used socio-economical variables for 236 cities of the state between 2002 and 2006. The cities with higher score of socioeconomic development index do not exhibit reductions of the number of all the offenses, that it is contradictory in relation to the quality of life of the people, considering the definition of development and the risk of violence since the Human Security approach. In the second essay, the adolescent population of Porto Alegre with measure of entry at institutions of the Fundação de Atendimento Sócio educativo (FASE) received attention and had been evaluated some risk factors of delinquency to explain the recidivism. Socioeconomic conditions of high social vulnerability and weak family structures coincide among the group of adolescents with measure of entry – at FASE - between 2002 and 2008. However, drugs use was the statistical significant variable to explain the probability of recidivism in the units of FASE. In the third essay, it was explored the link drug-crime through a descriptive analysis of the market of illicit drugs in the state of the Rio Grande do Sul. Specifically, the number of police recorded offenses for use and traffic of illicit drugs between 2000 and August of 2010.
237

Tolerância zero ou nova prevenção : a experiência da política de segurança pública do município de Porto Alegre, RS

Almeida, Letícia Núñez January 2007 (has links)
O tema deste trabalho insere-se na problemática das concepções de políticas de segurança urbana, utilizando-se como objeto de estudo empírico o município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, em razão de sua Administração Municipal estar investindo em formas alternativas de enfrentar os problemas afetos à segurança pública. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa não é avaliar ou descrever como funciona a política municipal de segurança urbana, e sim investigar a complexidade de fatores envolvidos no processo, tais como: a participação social e as ações de tal política em relação à criminalidade juvenil, buscando descobrir se essa experiência empírica se aproxima mais do modelo denominado teoricamente de Nova Prevenção ou do batizado como Tolerância Zero. / The theme of this work focuses on the problem of public safety political conceptions, guided by the objective empirical study that took place in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, due to the investments made by its administration in alternative forms of facing the problems regarding public safety. Thus, the objective of this research is not to evaluate nor to describe how the city urban safety politics works, but rather investigate the complexity of the factors involved in such process, such as: social participation and the political approach on juvenile criminality, always aiming at discovering if this empirical experiment is closer to the concept theoretically named as Nova Prevenção (New Prevention) or the one called Tolerância Zero (Zero Tolerance).
238

Tendências e preditores da criminalidade violenta no Rio Grande do Sul

Schabbach, Leticia Maria January 2007 (has links)
Esta Tese analisa as principais tendências e causas da criminalidade violenta em três regiões socioculturais do Rio Grande do Sul – Colônia Velha, Fronteira, Metropolitana de Porto Alegre -, durante a década de 1990 e início da seguinte. A criminalidade violenta foi expressa por taxas por 100.000 habitantes de homicídios, lesões corporais e roubos, além das relativas a dois cenários criminais: 1) não organizados entre conhecidos, abrangendo ameaças e lesões corporais leves; e 2) não organizados entre desconhecidos, reunindo modalidades ordinárias de roubos. Conjuntamente com fatores socioeconômicos, o modelo explicativo incluiu: a disposicionalidade social para a violência, a oferta de serviços de segurança pública e privada, a prevenção comunitária, bem como a presença de gangues de crianças e de adolescentes e do crime organizado, ambos representando a dinâmica da criminalidade violenta. Como fundamentação teórica das variáveis examinou-se diversas correntes sociológicas e criminológicas. Elaboraram-se indicadores sociais e criminais de 32 municípios com 20.000 ou mais habitantes pertencentes às três regiões socioculturais, utilizando-se dados primários e secundários, para então se efetuar a análise estatística multivariada que testou a influência de cada indicador sobre as taxas de delitos violentos. Em termos de resultados, sobressaíram-se como fatores explicativos: a) para os homicídios, a urbanização, a presença de gangues escolares e a segurança privada; b) para as lesões corporais, as taxas de pessoas sem companheiro, de tráfico de entorpecentes e de armas registradas; c) para os roubos, a precariedade domiciliar e a segurança privada; d) para o cenário do crime 1, a vulnerabilidade familiar; e) para o cenário do crime 2, a segurança privada. A Tese também apresenta uma extensa revisão bibliográfica das principais linhas de análise da violência e do crime no Brasil, assim como uma relação de estratégias de enfrentamento da criminalidade violenta que demandam a articulação de vários atores, públicos e privados. / This theses analyses main tendencies and causes of violent crimes in three socio-cultural regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) – Colonia Velha, Fronteira and the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre – through the decade of the 1990´s and the beginning of the following one. Violent crime was dealt with in terms of crime rates per 100.000 inhabitants for intentional homicides, aggravated assaults and robberies. Along with those, two kinds of social scenarios of crimes were analyzed. One includes non-organized aggressors victimizing friends and acquaintances through threats and minor assaults. The second one includes also non-organized agressors, but this time victimizing individuals unrelated to them through ordinary types of robberies. Conjointly with socioeconomic factors, the explanatory model included: social predisposition for violence, supply of social safety services and community prevention measures. The presence of youth gangs and organized crime are also incorporated, representing the internal dinamics of violent criminality. Different theoretical currents in sociology and criminology were used to sustain the inclusion of the variables. Social as well as crime indicators were designed and collected from primary and secondary sources, for 32 state counties [municípios] with population equal or above 20.000 inhabitants within the regions contemplated. From such data set, multivariate analysis were performed estimating the influence of each indicator over the crime rates. In terms of results, the following explanatory factors stand out: a) for intentional homicides: level of urbanization, presence of school gangs and use of private safety services; b) for aggravated assaults: persons living alone, level of illegal drugs trade, and registered guns; c) for robberies: inadequacy of housing and private safety services; d) for the type-one scenario: family vulnerability; e) for the type-two scenario: private safety services. The theses also presents an extensive bibliographical review of the main analytical currents of violent crime research in Brazil as well as a squeme of strategies for dealing with violent crime.
239

A municipalização da segurança pública : estudo de caso em São Leopoldo, RS

Fagundes, Andréa Lucas January 2007 (has links)
Na última década, muitos municípios por todo o país vêm aderindo à tendência de elaboração e implementação de políticas voltadas à garantia da segurança pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar este processo de municipalização da segurança pública, por meio de estudo de caso sobre a implementação da Secretaria Municipal de Segurança Pública de São Leopoldo, RS e sua atuação voltada à prevenção da violência e criminalidade. Procurou-se apresentar os antecedentes teóricos da idéia de gestão local da segurança, identificados nas primeiras formulações da Escola de Chicago, chegando às abordagens atuais de controle informal, como o movimento da Nova Prevenção, desenvolvido na Itália, como proposta complementar aos mecanismos de controle formal.As relações entre municípios, estados e União na construção de uma política pública de segurança também são abordadas. O acompanhamento da implementação da secretaria e as ações executadas em seus dois primeiros anos são descritas e analisadas. A conclusão do estudo aponta os elementos identificados como facilitadores, assim como as dificuldades enfrentadas para a implementação das políticas públicas de segurança em âmbito municipal, e indica alguns caminhos possíveis para o aprofundamento da experiência de gestão municipal da segurança no caso estudado. / In the last decade, many counties all over the country are sticking to the trend of elaboration and implementation of policies addressed to public safety assurance. The objective of this work is to investigate the process of public safety municipalization, through a case study on the implementation of Sao Leopoldo Public Safety Municipal Office, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and its performance related to violence and crime prevention. The study attempts to present the theoretical antecedents of the idea of safety local management, identified in the first formulations of the Chicago School, coming up to the current informal control approaches, as the New Prevention movement, developed in Italy, as a complementary proposal to the mechanisms of formal control. Relations among counties, states and the Union in the construction of a safety public policy are approached also. The Municipal Office implementation follow up and the performed actions along the first two years are described and analyzed. The conclusion of the study indicates the elements identified as facilitators, as well as the difficulties faced to implement safety public policies on a municipal extent, and shows some possible paths for the experience deepening on safety municipal management related to the studied case.
240

Vers une conversion démocratique : analyse du dispositif de parole de la cour d'assises / Towards a democratic conversion : analysis of the oral system inside criminal justice

Gissinger-Bosse, Célia 28 November 2012 (has links)
Notre thèse se propose d’analyser l’expérience des jurés populaires en cour d’assises. À partir d’entretiens réalisés avec d’anciens jurés ainsi que des Présidents d’assises et d’observations de procès d’assises, nous souhaitons montrer que l’expérience du jugement déstabilise les certitudes des jurés. Le changement qui se produit chez ces jurés est analysé à partir de la notion de conversion démocratique. Cette analogie doit nous permettre d’expliquer le processus qui se met en place chez les jurés tout au long de leur expérience. Notre thèse analyse donc un dispositif de parole à portée démocratique. Sont ainsi étudiés le rituel de la procédure, la construction de l’intime conviction et le rôle du président dans la formation du jugement. Ces éléments, mis en parallèle avec l’expérience des jurés, permettent d’identifier les différentes étapes de leur conversion. La construction de leur intime conviction, analysée comme une véritable faculté de juger, est au cœur du processus de conversion démocratique. L’expérience du jugement s’avère donc être aussi importante pour les jurés que nous avons rencontré, que pour la démocratie elle-même. / Our thesis wishes to analyze the experience of juries inside criminal justice. From various interviews made with former jurors and Presidents of criminal justice as well as observations of real court sessions, we would like to show that the practice of judgement has a disturbing effect on the jurors’ convictions. The shift occurring inside the jurors’ mind is analysed through the concept of democratic conversion. This analogy will enable us to explain the process taking place inside each juror all along their experience. Our thesis analyses this “oral system” as a process heading towards democratization. Thus, we will study the ritual of penal process, the building of the absolute conviction and the Presidents’ contribution inside the final verdict. Those elements, compared with the experience of the jurors, give us the opportunity to identify the several steps of their conversion. All of these changes are strongly linked with the importance that the jurors give to the decision they have to make. The building of their absolute conviction, analysed as a true ability to judge, is at the core of the process of democratic conversion. The experience of judgement tends to be as crucial for the jurors we’ve met as for the democracy itself.

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