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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

A CASE STUDY IN ASSURANCE CASE DEVELOPMENT FOR SCIENTIFIC SOFTWAR

Sayari Nejad, Mojdeh January 2017 (has links)
Assurance Cases have been effectively used for improving the safety of real-time safety systems. However, until now, Assurance Case techniques have not been applied to building confidence in the correctness of Scientific Computing (SC) software. Our approach is to employ Assurance Case techniques to the case of a specific medical image analysis software, 3dfim+, and then generalize the results/template for other medical and SC software. Using the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN), we develop an Assurance Case to support the top goal that "Program 3dfim+ delivers correct outputs when used for its intended use/purpose in its intended environment." This claim is supported by several sub-claims, including the claims that high-quality requirements exist and that the implementation complies with the requirements. The full argument decomposes each sub-claim further until at the bottom level evidence is provided. The evidence provided includes the requirements documentation, test cases and expert review. To simplify the Assurance Case diagram, a new generic module, parameterized over quality, was developed to argue that each quality has been achieved. Evaluation of the full Assurance Case shows that this approach is feasible for building confidence in SC software, even in the practical situation where confidence is sought, but redesign and reimplementation are not possible. The exercise uncovered issues with the original documentation for 3dfim+, including missing assumptions, and ambiguity with the chosen sign convention. Furthermore, although no errors in output were found, the Assurance Case highlights that confidence in the original 3dfim+ software could be improved through additional checks for input validity. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
302

"ENGRAVE - An expert system that understands and generates musical notation"

Tatem, Joseph Edward 22 June 2010 (has links)
ENGRAVE is an expert system that performs the work of a music engraver. The system takes a digital image of a conductor's score as input and produces engraved-quality copies of the individual parts. ENGRAVE consists of a vision system and a graphics system. The vision system contains a low-level section that recognizes features and a visual expert system that understands their meanings. Under the current computer vision paradigm, low-level processing is general-purpose while domain knowledge is used only in "high-level" routines. We hypothesize that domain knowledge is necessary at the low level as well for a vision system to work reliably. The visual expert uses a frame-based approach to explain the objects round in music. In the graphics system, we make use of the concept of "spatial planning" to generate correct musical notation. We show by example that spatial planning can be applied to other domains. / Master of Science
303

The Programming Exercise Markup Language: A Teacher-Oriented Format for Describing Auto-graded Assignments

Mishra, Divyansh Shankar 28 June 2023 (has links)
Automated programming assignment grading tools have become integral to CS courses at introductory as well as advanced levels. However a lot of these tools have their own custom approaches to setting up assignments and describing how solutions should be tested, requiring instructors to make a significant learning investment to begin using a new tool. In addition, differences between tools mean that initial investment must be repeated when switching tools or adding a new one. Worse still, tool-specific strategies further reduce the ability of educators to share and reuse their assignments. As a solution to this problem, we describe our experiences working with PEML, the Programming Exercise Markup Language, which provides an easy to use, instructor friendly approach for writing programming assignments. Unlike tool-oriented data interchange formats, PEML is designed to provide a human friendly authoring format that has been developed to be intuitive, expressive and not be a technological or notational barrier to instructors. We describe the design of PEML and also discuss its implementation as a programming library, a web application, and a microservice that provides full parsing and rendering capabilities for easy integration into any tools or scripting libraries. We also describe the integration of PEML into two automated testing and grading tools used at Virginia Tech by the CS department: Code Workout and Web-CAT. We then describe our experiences using PEML to describe a full range of programming assignments, laboratory exercises, and small coding questions of varying complexity in demonstrating the practicality of the notation. We evaluate the feasibility of PEML using this encoding exercise as well as the effect of its integration into the aforementioned automated grading tools. We finally present a framework for integrating PEML into existing grading tools and then draw our conclusions as well as list down avenues PEML can be expanded into in the future. / Master of Science / Automated grading tools have become ubiquitous to CS courses focused on programming concepts at both the undergraduate as well as graduate level. These tools allow instructors to provide near instant feedback to students as well as spend more time focusing on the curriculum rather than grading. However, these tools use a variety programming assignment representation formats and without a standardized representation, instructors and educators may struggle to share and reuse assignments across different tools and platforms. To address this need, we have developed the Programming Exercise Markup Language (PEML), a standardized format for representing programming exercises, designed to be human-friendly as well as easy to learn and use. PEML includes information about the problem statement, input and output formats, constraints, and sample test cases, and can be used for a wide range of exercise types and programming languages. As part of this master's thesis project, we encoded 50 assignments of varying size and difficulty into PEML as well as integrated support for PEML into Web-CAT and Code Workout, two commonly used automated grading tools used at Virginia Tech. Building upon our experience performing this task, we also designed a framework that can be utilized when integrating PEML into other automated grading tools. By providing a standardized way of representing programming assignments, PEML can help to streamline programming education and make it easier for instructors and educators to create and share assignments across different tools and platforms.
304

Le passage de l'élémentaire au secondaire

Doyon, Denis 25 April 2018 (has links)
La structure pédagogique actuelle du niveau secondaire, permet aux commissions scolaires d'organiser des rythmes d'apprentissage ou de donner des programmes différents, en français, en mathématiques et en anglais. Pour chacune de ces disciplines, selon le niveau, il y a deux ou trois rythmes ou programmes dans lesquels les étudiants doivent être classés. Quand les élèves, en provenance de l'élémentaire 6e année ou 7e année, arrivent au secondaire, ils doivent être classés dans l'une ou l'autre des voies pour chacune des trois disciplines concernées. Pour procéder à ce classement, on utilise les résultats d'une série de mesures habituelles et spéciales. Les décisions, basées sur des critères établis à l'avance, sont prises par un comité de classement qui se penche davantage sur les cas marginaux. La présente recherche porte sur la puissance prédictive des mesures effectuées lors du passage de l'élémentaire au secondaire en terme de succès scolaire dans le contexte du système et des critères de classement. En d'autres termes, y a-t-il des mesures qui prédisent mieux le succès scolaire que d'autres et ce pour chacune des trois disciplines principales? Est-ce que ce sont les mimes prédicteurs qui sont utiles pour le classement dans le rythme accéléré et dans le rythme allégé? Quoique portant principalement sur la prédictivité des mesures, cette recherche fournira des indices pouvant orienter les décisions sur les points suivants: a) Quelle est la valeur intrinsèque des mesures utilisées? b) Quelle est l'utilité des décisions de classement? c) Quelle est la pertinence d'utiliser tous ces critères? d) Doit-on conserver autant de rythmes et/ou de programmes? De nombreux commentaires entendus au fil des ans, nous poussent à investiguer ce secteur de notre activité pédagogique et l'importance des résultats ne fait pas de doute. D'ailleurs, G. de Landsheere en témoigne, car à propos de la recherche de R. Rosenthal et L. Jacobson sur l'effet oedipien de la prédiction, il dit ceci: -"Si, à la naissance d'Oedipe, l'oracle n'avait pas prédit qu'il tuerait son père, il n'aurait pas été éloigné de sa famille. Connaissant son père, il ne l'aurait pas tué. En d'autres mots, la tragédie se produisit, parce qu'elle avait été prédite". / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014
305

Approche générique pour la modélisation et l'implémentation des processus / A generic approach for process modeling and implementation

Ulmer, Jean-Stéphane 11 February 2011 (has links)
Une entreprise doit être capable de décrire et de demeurer réactive face à un événement endogène ou exogène. Une telle flexibilité peut s'obtenir par la gestion des processus d'entreprise (Business Process Management - BPM). Lors d'une démarche BPM, différentes transformations interviennent sur les modèles de processus développés par l'analyste métier et l'expert en technologies de l'information. Un non-alignement se crée entre ces modèles hétérogènes lors de leurs manipulations : il s'agit du "fossé métier-TI" tel que décrit dans la littérature. L'objectif de notre travail est de proposer un cadre méthodologique permettant un meilleur pilotage des processus métier, afin de tendre vers un alignement systématique de leur modélisation à leur implémentation au sein du système cible. A l'aide de concepts issus de l'ingénierie d'Entreprise et des Systèmes d'Informations dirigée par les modèles et des TI, nous définissons une démarche générique assurant une cohérence intermodèle. Son rôle est de conserver et de fournir toutes les informations liées à la structure et à la sémantique des modèles. En permettant la restitution intégrale d'un modèle transformé au sens de l'ingénierie inverse, notre plateforme permet une synchronisation entre modèle d'analyse et modèle d'implémentation. Le manuscrit présente également l'adéquation possible entre l'ingénierie des procédés et le BPM à travers un point de vue multi-échelle. / A company must be able to describe and to remain responsive against endogenous or exogenous events. Such flexibility can be obtained with the Business Process Management (BPM). Through a BPM approach, different transformations operate on process models, developed by the business analyst and IT expert. A non-alignment is created between these heterogeneous models during their manipulation: this is the "business-IT gap" as described in the literature. The objective of our work is to propose a methodological framework for a better management of business processes in order to reach a systematic alignment from their modelling to their implementation within the target system. Using concepts from Model-driven Enterprise and Information System engineering, we define a generic approach ensuring an intermodal consistency. Its role is to maintain and provide all information related to the model structure and semantics. By allowing a full restitution of a transformed model, in the sense of reverse engineering, our platform enables synchronization between analysis model and implementation model. The manuscript also presents the possible match between process engineering and BPM through a multi- erspective scale.
306

Notvärde : Strategier för rytmisk notläsning med barn runt förskoleklassåldern

Svensson Ringbo, Sara January 2018 (has links)
I denna studie undersöks och jämförs hur rytmisk notläsning med barn, 5–8 år, framställs i vetenskapliga texter under 2000-talet. Fokus för studien är vilka strategier som skildras men även forskning om vilka effekter notläsning kan ha på läs- och skrivutveckling refereras. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställning används metoden allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats samt en informell intervju med tre forskare inom neurologi. Fyra vetenskapliga artiklar är inkluderade i studien. Alla har granskats kvalitets- och kunskapskritiskt. Den vetenskapsteoretiska ansatsen för studien är kulturhistorisk men min långa bakgrund som rytmikpedagog, skolad och erfaren i Dalcroze-metodik, är den vinkel jag oundvikligen betraktar resultatet ur. Ett av studiens resultat är att ämnet inte ägnats någon större uppmärksamhet från forskare under 2000-talet och det därför finns mycket att göra för att utveckla praxis. De huvudsakliga resultaten i de studerade artiklarna är att a) barn tenderar att prioritera tonhöjd framför rytm i notbilden, b) underliggande puls på rytmens minsta värde, snarare än puls som motsvarar taktens värde, förenklar för notläsningsförmågans utveckling, c) god notläsning kräver tidigt utformade strategier snarare än övning och d) rytmisk notläsning kan utvecklas på ett likartat sätt som läs- och skrivförmåga och bör stödjas ur det perspektivet med aktiviteter som innefattar ljuda, skriva och läsa. I intervjudelen framkommer bland annat att rytmisk träning kan främja tal- och skriftspråklig utveckling men att det inte förekommer några direkta transfereffekter mellan läsning och notläsning. / In this study, the 21st century scientific literature addressing rhythmic music reading in children aged 5–8 is explored and compared. The described strategies are the main focus of the study but research on music reading´s effect on the development of reading and writing skills is also discussed. In order to meet the purpose of this study and answer the scientific question, the methods general literature study with systematic approach together with informal interviews with three neurology-scientists, are applied. Four scientific articles are included in the study. They were all thoroughly reviewed from a quality- and knowledge perspective. The scientific theory used for this study is Vygotskij´s cultural-historical psychology but my own background as a teacher of eurythmics, educated and experienced in Dalcroze´s methodology, is inevitably the light in which I view the results of this study. One of the study´s results, is that this subject did not yet render much attention from researchers during the 21st century, leaving a lot of room for further development of practice. The main results of the studied articles are that a) children tend to prioritize tone before rhythm when reading notated music, b) underlying beat on the shortest note-duration in the rhythm, rather than beat that corresponds to the “worth” of the bar, simplifies the development of music reading skills, c) accomplished music reading demands early developed strategies rather than practice and d) rhythmic music reading may develop in a trajectory similar to that of language and literacy acquisition and should be fostered within that perspective through all of the following: oral and aural exercises, writing and reading. The interview-section shows, amongst other things, that rhythmic training may promote the development of articulation and writing, but there are no direct transfer effects between reading and music reading.
307

Pour une écriture multimédia dans la composition musicale / Toward multimedia writing in music composition

Covarrubias Acosta, Sabina 07 December 2016 (has links)
Ce travail a pour but principal de répondre à certaines difficultés de notation rencontrées par les compositeurs. Dans un premier temps, nous nous se proposons de montrer les limites du système d’écriture musicale occidentale (SEMO) dans la notation de certains éléments de la musique et, dans un deuxième temps, de montrer les avantages qu’offre l’utilisation de l’écriture multimédia (EM). Les résultats de ce travail, obtenus à partir de six « expériences-projets de composition », montrent l’efficacité de l’EM : un ensemble de procédés qui permettent l'utilisation simultanée de plusieurs modes de représentation de l'information (tels que textes, sons, images fixes ou animées, entre autres), servant à noter un message afin de pouvoir le conserver et le transmettre du compositeur à l’interprète. Dans le cadre de la composition musicale, l’EM, telle que nous l’avons employée ici, s’est montrée efficace pour noter les éléments suivants : le timbre, des nouveaux modes de jeu, des nouvelles techniques vocales, des instructions pour l’emploi des logiciels ; et aussi l’EM s’est montrée efficace pour l’intégration des éléments suivants dans les œuvres de musique mixte : le jeu d’un musicien de tradition orale, des modes de jeu tirés des musiques de tradition orale et exécutés par un musicien de tradition écrite, une langue tonale (et l’expressivité liée aux genres de musique de tradition orale dans les œuvres écrites. À l’ensemble de notations multimédia déjà existantes et disponibles pour la composition musicale, nous ajoutons deux types de notation qui se sont révélés efficaces dans cette recherche : la notation auditive et la notation d’un savoir-faire au moyen de la vidéo. / The main goal of this work is to solve some of the difficulties that composers encounter when notating music. Firstly, we describe how the Western musical notation (WMN) is limited when attempting to write specific musical elements. Secondly, we show the possible advantages that multimedia writing (MW) could offer on the notation of such elements. To address these issues, we used MW in six “experiments/composition projects” that were conceived to answer specific notation questions. The results obtained thereof allowed us to demonstrate the efficacy of MW for overcoming current limitations in music notation. More specifically, MW constitutes a group of procedures that allows to simultaneously represent information in different ways. This information could be either text, sounds, still or moving images, among others. Such procedures can be used to note down a message to further save it and transfer it from the composer to the performer. In the context of our experimental paradigms, MW has proven to be efficient for: the notation of timber, the integration of musicians from oral tradition in mixed music works, the incorporation of instrumental techniques drawn from oral tradition music into written music, the integration of a tonal language in a music score, the notation of new instrumental and vocal techniques, the guidance at using new software, and the incorporation of expressiveness associated to music styles of oral tradition into written works. We consider that two types of notation that proved to be efficient in this research could be added to the body of already existing MW, namely auditive notation and the notation of a know-how by the means of video.
308

Système modal arabe levantin du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle : étude historique, systémique et sémiotique, éditions critiques et traductions des manuscrits / Modal System of Levantine Arabian Music from the 14th to the 18th century : a historical, systemic and semiotic study, critical editions and translations of manuscripts

El Didi, Amer 30 January 2015 (has links)
Loin de prétendre à l’exhaustivité, cette thèse présente un premier essai visant à une compréhension plus unifiée et plus globale du système modal arabe d’une période s’étalant sur cinq siècles environ. Un des enjeux de cette recherche est, pour reprendre les termes d’Amnon Shiloah, « de quitter, une fois pour toutes, la légende de léthargie » et d’enlever la qualification de «stagnation » et d’« âge des ténèbres » longtemps attachée à cette époque. Il s’est avéré à travers les pages de cette recherche, que le système modal n’a jamais perdu sa vitalité. Tout au contraire, les études historique, philologique, systémique et sémiotique menées au cours de cette thèse attestent de la présence d’un fil conducteur qui lie, d’un bout à l’autre, la tradition du XIIIe siècle à celle du XIXe siècle. / Far from being exhaustive, this thesis presents a first attempt to a more cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the Arab modal system of a period of time spanning about five centuries. One aim of this research is, following Amnon Shiloah, "to leave once and for all, the legend of lethargy" and remove the clause of "stagnation" and "dark ages" long attached to this epoch. It appears through the pages of this research that the modal system never lost its liveliness. On the contrary, historical, philological, systemic and semiotic studies conducted during this thesis show the presence of a thread that binds, from one end to the other, the tradition of the thirteenth century to that of the nineteenth century.
309

Logique et paroissial : sur un problème fondamental de la conception de la logique de W. V. Quine / Logic and Parochial : On a Fundamental Problem of W.V. Quine’s Conception of Logic

Wagner, Henri 12 December 2016 (has links)
Cette étude constitue une interprétation de la philosophie de la logique de W. V. Quine à l’aune de ce que nous considérons comme étant un problème fondamental qui la gouverne et dont on peut considérer qu’elle en constitue une réponse. Ce problème a trait à la compatibilité entre logique et paroissial. Il admet la formulation condensée suivante : soit il y a un sens à dire que la logique est paroissiale, mais alors le paroissial se trouve être une restriction et est en droit éliminable ; soit le paroissial n’est pas une restriction et est inéliminable, mais alors il n’y a aucun sens à dire que la logique est paroissiale. Le problème se nourrit de ce que la qualification de la logique comme paroissiale fait l’objet d’une revendication explicite et délibérée par Quine, i.e. n’est ni de l’ordre d’une concession, ni de l’ordre d’un moment argumentatif dialectiquement résorbable. En d’autres termes, Quine revendique et cherche à se donner les moyens de revendiquer ce contre quoi une conception « universaliste » de la logique comme celle de Frege lutte, ordonnée qu’elle est à un présupposé ou une prémisse anti-paroissialiste d’unicité de la logique. Affirmer que Quine cherche à se donner les moyens de revendiquer la paroissialité de la logique, c’est dire qu’il prit tout à fait au sérieux les arguments anti-psychologistes de Frege contre toute conception paroissiale de la logique. Plus généralement,cette étude et la lecture de la conception quinienne de la logique que nous y proposons sont organisées par le principe d’une lecture frégéenne de Quine : si nous voulons comprendre ce que signifie de dire que la logique est paroissiale chez Quine, alors il faut revenir à Frege, que ce soit par la manière dont Quine s’y oppose ou par la manière dont il s’approprie certains thèmes et principes fondamentaux de la conception frégéenne de la logique. Cette étude consiste alors à mettre au jour et à examiner les raisons et les modalités de la revendication par Quine d’une paroissialité de la logique. Tout en étant ordonnés au traitement du problème de l’incompatibilité apparente du paroissial et de la logique, les cinq chapitres qui la composent parcourent successivement la critique de « Truth by Convention » du projet syntaxique de Carnap et de son principe de tolérance (chapitre 1), la philosophie de la notation logique de Quine (chapitre 2), le point de vue anthropologique en matière de logique que Quine fait sien (chapitre 3), le critère d’engagement ontologique (chapitre 4) et, enfin, la définition substitutionnelle de la vérité logique (chapitre 5). / This study is an interpretation of W.V. Quine’s philosophy of logic taken as an answer to what we consider to be a fundamental problem. This problem has to do with the compatibility between logic and parochial. It can be briefly expressed in the following manner: either that there is sense in saying that logic is parochial, but the parochial therefore happens to be a restriction and could be eliminated, or that the parochial is not a restriction and could not be eliminated, but that there is thus no sense in saying that logic is parochial. The problem is fueled by the fact that Quine explicitly and deliberately claims logic to be parochial. Such a qualification is neither a concession nor an argumentative moment that could be dialectically reduced. In other words, what Quine claims – and is seeking means to claim – is precisely that which a “universalist” conception of logic like Frege’s challenges, since it assumes an anti-parochial premise concerning the uniqueness of logic. Quine seeks means to claim the parochiality of logic in the sense that he seriously considered Frege’s anti-psychologist arguments against all parochial conceptions of logic. More generally, this study – and the understanding of Quine's conception of logic that it promotes – follows the principle of a Fregean reading of Quine: if one wants to understand what it means to say that logic is parochial in Quine, one has to go back to Frege, either through Quine’s opposition to him or through his appropriation of certain themes and fundamental principles of the Fregean conception of logic. Connected to the problem of the apparent incompatibility of logic and the parochial, the five chapters contained within this study successively explore the criticism of Carnap’s syntaxical project and of its principle of tolerance found in “Truth by Convention” (chapter 1); Quine’s philosophy of logical notation (chapter 2); the anthropological point of view in logic that Quine makes his own (chapter 3); the criterion of ontological commitment (chapter 4) and the substitutional definition of logical truth (chapter 5).
310

Recent Approaches to Real-Time Notation

Shafer, Seth 05 1900 (has links)
This paper discusses several compositions that use the computer screen to present music notation to performers. Three of these compositions, Law of Fives (2015), Polytera II (2016), and Terraformation (2016–17), employ strategies that allow the notation to change during the performance of the work as the product of composer-regulated algorithmic generation and performer interaction. New methodologies, implemented using Cycling74's Max software, facilitate performance of these works by allowing effective control of generation and on-screen display of notation; these include an application called VizScore, which delivers notation and conducts through it in real-time, and a development environment for real-time notation using the Bach extensions and graphical overlays around them. These tools support a concept of cartographic composition, in which a composer maps a range of potential behaviors that are mediated by human or algorithmic systems or some combination of the two. Notational variation in performance relies on computer algorithms that can both generate novel ideas and be subject to formal plans designed by the composer. This requires a broader discussion of the underlying algorithms and control mechanisms in the context of algorithmic art in general. Terraformation, for viola and computer, uses a model of the performer's physical actions to constrain the algorithmic generation of musical material displayed in on-screen notation. The resulting action-based on-screen notation system combines common practice notation with fingerboard tablature, color gradients, and abstract graphics. This hybrid model of dynamic notation puts unconventional demands on the performer; implications of this new performance practice are addressed, including behaviors, challenges, and freedoms of real-time notation.

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