Univ., Diss.--Hildesheim, 2005. / Bibliogr. S. 265 - 304.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Romanische Philologie--Universität Regensburg, 2005. / Thèse réalisée en co-tutelle entre les universités de Regensburg et de la Sorbonne nouvelle-Paris 3. Bibliogr. p. 243-264. Index.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia do Carmo Felismino Fusaro.pdf: 963917 bytes, checksum: ae40ed9bc2fca5b77ba7c8ac0a924ed4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / This research examines the relations between Time and Cinema, and more strictly the matter of capturing Time, Memory and Moment in the cinematographic narrative, under the light of the philosophical reflections of Gilles Deleuze on said subject. Our hypothesis is that Cinema and Arts are subordinated to the scientific and philosophical debate about Time that started at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, with the emergence of Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. We assume that Gilles Deleuze's works about this debate during the second half of the twentieth century are a cornerstone, proposing a dialog between Philosophy, Science and Arts, as seen in his classical readings of Henri Bergson thesis about Time and Memory in Bergsonism, and in his thoughts about Time, Memory and Image as presented in Difference and Repetition and Proust and Signs, where he reviews the relations of the scholar-thinking tradition with the imagistic (imagetique) similes. At a later moment we add Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image to the reference set, which were taken under special consideration. We adopted a two-way methodological path: bibliographical research and documental research, the later being a filmic ensemble composed by a collection of works mainly from Alfred Hitchcock, Orson Welles, François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Alain Resnais, Chris Marker, Agnès Varda, Ingmar Bergman, Andrei Tarkovski, Raoul Ruiz e Tom Tykwer. As these are references in authorial films (cinema d´auter) for Gilles Deleuze, the pre-selection includes Nouvelle Vague productions. Besides Deleuze's original works, the theoretical reference framework encompass the most illustrious and remarkable studies about deleuzian philosophy and cinematographic art. We believe that the topics brought to discussion are interconnected with the communication field, not just because Cinema was the first technologically-based art-form for the masses, but also for being so it shares the ambition to cover life on-the-go with other massive means, with all that it holds on the capture of a photographic memory / A pesquisa examina as relações entre tempo e cinema, abordando especificamente os temas da captura do tempo, da memória e do instante nas narrativas cinematográficas, à luz das reflexões que lhes consagrou Gilles Deleuze. Nossa hipótese é a de que o cinema e as artes são caudatários do debate científico e filosófico sobre a questão do tempo que teve início na virada dos séculos XIX para XX, com a emergência da teoria da relatividade e da mecânica quântica. Toma-se como fundamentação a obra de Gilles Deleuze que intercepta esse debate na segunda metade do século XX, propondo um diálogo entre a filosofia, a ciência e as artes, a exemplo de sua clássica leitura das teses de Henri Bergson acerca do tempo e da memória desenvolvida em Bergsonismo, e de suas reflexões sobre tempo, memória e imagem em livros como Diferença e Repetição e Proust e os Signos, em que revê as relações da tradição bempensante com os símiles imagéticos. A esse imponente conjunto acrescentam-se tardiamente A Imagem-Movimento: Cinema 1 e A Imagem-Tempo: Cinema 2, a que a pesquisa dá especial atenção. Adotamos um caminho metodológico de mão dupla: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental, sendo esta última referente ao assentamento de um corpus fílmico, no âmbito de um acervo que inclui obras de Alfred Hitchcock, Orson Welles, François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Alain Resnais, Chris Marker, Agnès Varda, Ingmar Bergman, Andrei Tarkovski, Raoul Ruiz e Tom Tykwer. Por ser este um cinema autoral de referência para Deleuze, a pré-seleção do corpus inclui realizações da nouvelle vague. Além dos títulos de Deleuze acima referidos, o referencial teórico abrange os mais abalizados estudos em torno da filosofia deleuzeana e da arte cinematográfica. Os tópicos em pauta estão fundados no campo da comunicação, não só porque o cinema é a primeira arte de massa de raiz tecnológica, mas porque, assim sendo, compartilha com os meios massivos a ambição da cobertura da vida em pleno voo, com tudo que isso comporta de busca de registro de uma memória fotográfica

Orientador: Gilberto Alexandre Sobrinho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_AlexandreRafael_M.pdf: 12264474 bytes, checksum: c741a7bead8ebb1b26a957c09ffebb4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa filmes do diretor francês Éric Rohmer, que se estabeleceu com a nouvelle vague francesa, no contexto das décadas de 1950 e 1960. O centro da pesquisa são os Contos morais, um ciclo de seis filmes composto por A Padeira do bairro (1963), A Carreira de Suzanne (1963), A Colecionadora (1967), Minha noite com ela (1969), O Joelho de Claire (1970) e Amor à tarde (1972). Esta é a primeira fase de destaque do cineasta e o período de consolidação do seu estilo. É apresentado um panorama histórico da passagem da profissão como crítico na revista Cahiers du Cinéma à realização dos Contos morais. A partir da análise fílmica, atendo-se à narrativa, à encenação e aos modos de produção, são identificadas as linhas de força da poética do cineasta. Constata-se que seu particular modo de produção reflete esteticamente em seus filmes. Rohmer se concentra nas questões morais e nas relações sentimentais dos seus personagens, evidenciando um cinema fortemente objetivado e de transparência. O diretor emprega a construção de uma rigorosa estrutura narrativa ficcional, isso combinado com uma abordagem realista do espaço, da trama e das atuações; finalmente, destaca a valorização da verborragia de seus personagens / Abstract: This paper has as object of research movies of the French director Éric Rohmer, who settled with the French new wave, in the context of the 1950s and 1960s. The center of the research are the Moral tales, a cycle of six movies composed of The Bakery girl of Monceau (1963), Suzanne's Career (1963), The Collector (1967), My Night at Maud¿s (1969), Claire's Knee (1970) and Love in the afternoon (1972). This is the first prominent phase of the filmmaker and the period of consolidation of his style. A historical overview of the transition of his profession as film critic in Cahiers du Cinéma to the directing of the Moral tales is presented. From film analysis, focusing the narrative, the mise en scène and the production methods, the power lines of the poetic of the filmmaker are identified. It is verified that his particular way of producing reflects aesthetically in his films. Rohmer focuses on moral issues and sentimental relations of the characters, showing a strongly objectified and transparent film. The director employs a strict construction of fictional narrative structure, combined with a realistic approach of the space, plot and performances; finally, he highlights the appreciation of verbiage of his characters / Mestrado / Multimeios / Mestre em Multimeios

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Le présent travail se consacre à une étude génétique de l’œuvre de Jean Eustache (1938-1981), saisie dans ses accomplissements comme dans ses projets et esquisses inachevés. En se fondant sur des archives jusqu’alors inexploitées (Cinémathèque française, Inathèque, IMEC et collections personnelles), en recueillant des témoignages inédits (producteurs, chefs opérateurs, assistants, acteurs, collaborateurs, amis et famille du cinéaste), en analysant aussi bien des scénarios, notes d’intention ou dossiers de production que les films eux-mêmes, notre recherche restitue l’ensemble du parcours créatif de Jean Eustache, dans ses tours et détours. Analyse de création, la méthode consiste à retracer de la façon la plus documentée possible la démarche qui a permis l’éclosion d’une œuvre. Comment s’articulent constance de l’entreprise autobiographique et diversité des conditions de production ? Qui amène le cinéaste à réaliser le manifeste inédit Numéro zéro (1971) ? Comment La Maman et la putain (1973) et Mes petites amoureuses (1974) sont-ils presque simultanément élaborés ? Comment l’idée des essais expérimentaux, Une sale histoire (1977) ou Les Photos d’Alix (1980), est-elle née ? Comment créer de façon aussi personnelle dans le cadre du cinéma d’auteur et dans celui de la Télévision publique ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions factuelles auxquelles ce Doctorat répond, qui permettent d’éclairer les choix esthétiques propres à Jean Eustache. / The dissertation conducts a genetic study of Jean Eustache’s work (1938-1981) as seen through his completed films as well as unfinished projects and drafts. In being based on archives, so far undeveloped (Cinémathèque française, Inathèque, IMEC and personal collections), carrying out interviews with his former producers, directors of photography, assistants, actors, collaborators, friends, or family, and in analyzing not only his movies but also his film scripts, director’s memos or production files, the dissertation reconstructs Eustache’s whole creative journey with its twists and turns. As analysis of creation, the method seeks to trace in the most documented manner possible the process that gave rise to Eustache’s œuvre. How are connected his everlasting autobiographical undertaking and the various conditions of productions? What has leaded him to produce the filmic manifesto Number Zero (1971)? How are The Mother and the Whore (1973) and My Little Loves (1974) produced almost simultaneously? How was born the idea for experimental film essays such as A Dirty Story (1977) or Alix’s Photos (1980)? How one can create originally within both the author cinema and Public Television? This doctoral study replies to these factual questions, which enable to clarify Jean Eustache’s aesthetic and cinematic specific choices.

Volet cinématographique d’une révolution d’ordre social, la Nouvelle Vague a cristallisé les changements qui ont bouleversé la société européenne au début des années soixante. De l’émancipation sexuelle à la mise en scène d’une jeunesse affranchie, elle sut se faire le miroir cinématographique d’une libération des mœurs qui fit entrer les Européens dans une ère nouvelle. Si une nouvelle conception du cinéma suffit à accorder une place de choix au mouvement dans son histoire, ses représentants ont également forgé une nouvelle figure du héros masculin dans le paysage cinématographique français. Loin des héros lisses de l'académisme ou de la gravité de ceux du réalisme poétique qui l'ont par exemple précédé, l'héroïsme conjugué par la Nouvelle Vague insufflait légèreté, oisiveté et désinvolture à des protagonistes dont le dilettantisme des acteurs Jean-Pierre Léaud et Jean-Paul Belmondo (par exemple) en constitua le parangon. Le travail de recherche dont il est ici question visera principalement à s’interroger sur la façon dont ce héros atypique semble s’être annexé aux voix du cinéma français contemporain qui en présentent une mosaïque de réinterprétations. Mouvement dont le rayonnement ne semble toujours pas s’être tari – son héritage est encore revendiqué par plusieurs cinéastes – et qui dépasse la sphère du cinéma, nous viserons surtout à rendre compte de la pérennité de la Nouvelle Vague à travers l'examen de la perpétuation de son héritage par de nouvelles générations d'auteurs. Ce projet de mémoire s'essaiera notamment à la définition d'une identité du héros cinématographique français contemporain qui ne nous semble a priori pas si éloignée de celle colportée dans les années soixante par les porte-étendards de la Nouvelle Vague. / As the cinematic installment of a social revolution, the French New Wave was able to embody the changes that disrupted european societies during the early sixties. From sexual emancipation to its interest for a troubled and often rebellious youth, it is safe to say that the New Wave became the cinematic mirror of a liberation that ushered Europeans into a new era. If a new conception of cinema is usually enough to give a prominent place to the movement in film history, its trailblazing directors (Truffaut, Godard among others) also contributed to forge a new figure of male heroism in the French cinematographic landscape. Taking its distances from the blandness of academism or the trademark melancholy of poetic realism’s heroes that preceded it, the New Wave conception of heroism breathed lightness, idleness and carelessness to characters whose actors’ Jean-Pierre Léaud and Jean-Paul Belmondo (for example) arguably constituted the epitome. This masters thesis will mainly aim to examine how this singular breed of heroism seems to have tainted the voices of contemporary French cinema who have offered a vast array of reinterpretations (from pastiche to reappropriation) and remodelings of a similar kind. As a movement whose influence do not seem to have dried up – its legacy is still claimed by many filmmakers – and that goes beyond the sphere of cinema, we will primarily aspire to account for the sustainability of the New Wave through the examination of the body of work of new generations that have perpetuated its legacy. Thus, this thesis will try to establish a model definiton of the contemporary French cinema hero who does not seem so far removed from the one advocated in the sixties by French New Wave pioneers.

Notre recherche vise l’idée et la pratique d’une modernité filmique française intimiste, de nature autobiographique, inscrite dans une tradition culturelle où la littérature est essentielle comme voie créatrice spécifique. Nous nous sommes proposé d’évaluer le travail de libération ou de tension par rapport aux codes de représentation amoureux qui se joue dans certains films représentatifs de la Nouvelle Vague et y ouvre une voie originale de la modernité. Toute une pensée philosophique et cinéphilique s’est axée en France sur la question du moderne : Gilles Deleuze, Alain Bergala, Jean-Louis Leutrat, Jacques Aumont. Nous avons eu également besoin des apports de T. Jefferson Kline et des travaux de Giorgio De Vincenti, sur un cinéma qui travaille la littérature comme matériau. Nous avons ainsi eu recours à des approches parfois opposées, mais que nous présentons ici comme complémentaires. Nous avons à cœur notamment de conjuguer la visée de l’approche anglo-saxonne et des cultural studies (l’analyse des représentations des femmes et des relations homme/femme) avec la visée esthétique afin de dégager une particularité française de la modernité de la Nouvelle Vague – qui va peut-être contre le mythe d’un cinéma brut, quasi-documentaire, et de l’improvisation (proche du néoréalisme italien) – une particularité française donc par un attachement aux codes (ou par leur dépassement), aux motifs et topoï amoureux, à une rhétorique venant d’une tradition littéraire qui fait partie du patrimoine culturel français et par une tendance plus profonde encore chez ces cinéastes à filmer l’intime, à filmer les femmes, à filmer leur vie, filtrée et révélée par des « écrans » littéraires. / This research is centered on the idea and practice of a French intimist, cinematic modernity, of an autobiographical nature, inscribed in a cultural tradition where literature is essential in the path to creativity. This work proposes to evaluate the liberation or tension regarding the codes of representation of love at work in certain films, representative of the New Wave, that open an original path to modernity. In France, an entire philosophical and cinephilic movement is founded on the question of modernity: Gilles Deleuze, Alain Bergala, Jean-Louis Leutrat, Jacques Aumont. This study also takes into account the findings of T. Jefferson Kline and the work of Giorgio De Vincenti concerning film that treats literature as a material. Therefore, approaches sometimes considered opposite are presented here as complimentary, seeking to conjugate the aim of Anglo-Saxon and cultural studies (the analysis of the representation of women and the relationships between men and women) with the aesthetic in order to reveal a French characteristic in the modernity of the New Wave – that perhaps goes against the myth of a quasi-documentary « cinéma brut » of improvisation (close to Italian neorealism) – thus a French distinction by their attachment to (or the surpassing of) codes, motifs and topoï of love, to a rhetoric coming from a literary tradition belonging to the French cultural heritage, and by a more profound tendency of these directors to film the intimate, to film women and to film their lives, filtered and revealed by literary « screens ».

La décennie 1960 figure comme une période d’intenses bouleversements dans l’histoire du cinéma japonais. Une nouvelle génération de cinéastes s’impose et se démarque des "grands maîtres" des années 1930 et 1950, tandis que se diversifient les plateformes de production et que les grands studios voient s’effriter leur monopole sur l’industrie des loisirs. L’heure est à la libération sexuelle, à la contestation politique, aux mouvements citoyens contre la pollution industrielle : un climat libertaire propice aux irrévérences, dont le monde cinématographique se fait comptable à travers une série de "scandales". Pourtant cette nouvelle et turbulente jeunesse du cinéma ne saurait s’envisager comme un simple phénomène démographique, malgré ce que certains cinéastes, Nakahira Kô et les tenants d’un éphémère "Taiyôzoku", voudraient faire croire à la fin des années 1950. Pour d’autres, Oshima Nagisa, Yoshida Kijû ou Matsumoto Toshio, le renouvellement passe au contraire par une redéfinition du rôle du cinéaste et de la façon dont il "agit" le monde : aussi est-il plutôt question de "vision du monde". Cette transition se constate d’autant mieux qu’on la rapporte au cinéma d’après-guerre, dont Imai, Naruse, Kurosawa développent des options esthétiques spécifiques, pour bâtir un espace-temps entropique, miné par l’angoisse. Mais l’accès du pays à la prospérité au tournant des années 1960, célébrée en grande pompe par les Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo de 1964, semble dissiper cette angoisse, entraînant les cinéastes de la nouvelle génération vers d’autres modèles théoriques et esthétiques, aptes à rendre compte de la nouvelle société de consommation et de communication de masse. / The years 1960s stand as a time of upheaval in the history of Japanese cinema. A new generation of filmmakers arises, marking its difference from the so-called “great masters” of the 1930s and 1950s. The platforms of movie production diversify, while the great studios lose their domination upon the leisure industry. It is time for sexual freedom, political protests, civil movements against industrial pollution: a climate suitable for audacity and bold behaviors one can notice thoughout the cinematographic world, thanks to various "scandals". Yet that new and boisterous youth shall not be considered as a mere demographic change, whatever may pretend filmmakers such as Nakahira Kô and other upholders of the so-called "Taiyôzoku" at the end of the 1950s. Indeed, for the likes of Oshima Nagisa, Yoshida Kijû and Matsumoto Toshio, that renewal relies on the contrary on a new definition of filmmaking as a way to "enact" the world: thus would it rather be a matter of weltanschauung. Such a transition is obvious when compared to postwar films: for instance, Imai, Naruse or Kurosawa develop specific aesthetic patterns what draw a world of entropy, undermined by anguish. Yet the access to prosperity at the turn of the 1960s, as celebrated by 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, seems to dissipate such feelings, leading the young generation of filmmakers toward other aesthetic options, able to give account of the new society of mass consumption.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.