University of Macau / Faculty of Law

Criminal activity is mapped in this thesis, which subjects can commit in connection with insolvency proceedings. Czech Criminal Code No. 40/2009 Coll. lays down a total of six crimes, while the Swedish Criminal Code (Brottsbalk) has seven such crimes. The current legal regulation of bankruptcy offenses in the Czech Republic is analyzed in the theoretical part. In the practical part, the foreign legislation is analyzed and several proposals de lege ferenda are set on the basis of this analysis.

INTRODUÇÃO: O abuso sexual infantil pode influenciar na vulnerabilidade para os transtornos mentais na vida adulta, incluindo alterações do humor e exacerbação do comportamento sexual. Nos últimos anos têm surgido evidências de conexões entre os estados negativos do humor e a compulsividade sexual. Porém, faltava investigar se os estados de ansiedade e depressão poderiam ser mediadores da gravidade da compulsão sexual, em homens que referiram abuso sexual na infância/adolescência (ASI/ASA). OBJETIVOS: Investigar a prevalência de ASI/ASA em homens com comportamento sexual compulsivo (CSC); a associação entre o ASI/ASA e depressão/ansiedade; e o efeito mediador da ansiedade e depressão em relação a gravidade dos sintomas de compulsividade sexual e hipersexualidade daqueles que referiram ASI/ASA. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com 222 homens que buscaram tratamento para o CSC no Ambulatório de Impulso Sexual Excessivo e de Prevenção aos Desfechos Negativos Associados ao Comportamento Sexual do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de outubro de 2010 a dezembro de 2017. Os participantes, com idades acima de 18 anos, preencheram o critério para apetite sexual excessivo (CID-10: F52.7) e dependência de sexo, e não preencherem diagnóstico para transtorno de preferência (CID-10 F65), identidade sexual (CID-10 F64), esquizofrenia (CID-10 F20), quadros psicóticos devido a lesão ou doença física (CID-10 F0.6). Eles participaram de entrevistas diagnóstica e investigativa dos aspectos sociodemográficos e preencheram os instrumentos: \"Escala de Compulsividade Sexual\", \"Inventário de Triagem do Transtorno Hipersexual\", \"Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck\", \"Inventário de Depressão de Beck\", \"Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância\", \"Instrumento para Caracterização de Experiências Sexuais Vivenciadas na Infância e Adolescência\". Foram considerados como tendo ASI/ASA aqueles que atingiram o ponto de corte (= 6) para abuso sexual no Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância. Foi utilizada a análise estatística de mediação. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de ASI/ASA foi de 57% (n = 127), sendo que os participantes que referiram ASI/ASA apresentaram menor número médio de anos de educação (p = 0,008) e menor mediana de renda familiar mensal (p = 0,009), comparados aos que não referiram. Os participantes que referiram ASI/ASA apresentaram maior gravidade de compulsividade sexual (p = 0,004), hipersexualidade (p = 0,007), depressão (p = 0,005) e ansiedade (p = 0,004), comparados com os que não referiram. Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão confirmaram todos os pressupostos como fatores mediadores para a variável dependente hipersexualidade e os sintomas de ansiedade para a variável dependente compulsividade sexual. Em relação as características do ASI/ASA, a maioria foi abusada por múltiplos abusadores, que geralmente eram pessoas conhecidas de seu convívio social e familiar. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirmou a alta prevalência de ASI/ASA em homens com CSC, os quais demonstraram maior gravidade dos sintomas depressivos, ansiosos, compulsivos sexuais e hipersexuais, comparados aos que não referiram ASI/ASA. Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão apresentaram efeito mediador para a maior gravidade da hipersexualidade, bem como os sintomas de ansiedade apresentaram efeito mediador para a maior gravidade da compulsividade sexual nos que referiram ASI/ASA / INTRODUCTION: Childhood sexual abuse may influence the vulnerability to mental disorders in adult life, including mood alterations, and exacerbation of sexual behavior. In recent years has emerged evidence of connections between negative mood states and sexual compulsivity. But still lacking to investigate whether anxiety and depression could mediate the severity of sexual compulsion, in men who have suffered child/adolescence sexual abuse (CSA/ASA). OBJECTIVE: We investigate the prevalence of CSA/ASA in men with compulsive sexual behavior (CSB); the association between CSA/ASA and depression/anxiety; the mediating effect of anxiety and depression with respect to the severity of symptoms of sexual compulsivity and hypersexuality of those who reported CSA/ASA. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 222 men who sought treatment for CSB, in the Ambulatório de Impulso Sexual Excessivo e de Prevenção aos Desfechos Negativos Associados ao Comportamento Sexual do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, from October 2010 to December 2017. Participants with ages over 18 years, who met criteria for excessive sexual drive (ICD-10: F52.7) and sex addiction, and did not meet diagnostic criteria for preference (ICD-10 F65), sexual identity disorder (CID-10 F64), schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20), psychotic disorders due to injury or physical disease (ICD-10 F0.6) were included. They underwent to diagnostic and sociodemographic investigative interviews and fulfilled: \"Sexual Compulsivity Scale\"; \"Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory\"; \"Beck Anxiety Inventory\"; \"Beck Depression Inventory\"; \"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire\"; \"Instrument for Characterization of Experiences Experienced in Childhood and Adolescence\". Those who reached the cutoff point (= 6) of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were considered as having CSA/ASA. The statistical analysis of mediation was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of CSA/ASA was 57% (n = 127), and the group of participants who reported CSA/ASA had a lower average number of years of education (p = 0.008), and lower Median of monthly family income (p = 0.009), compared to the group that did not report. Participants who reported CSA / ASA presented greater severity of sexual compulsivity (p = 0.004), hypersexuality (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.004), compared with those who did not. The symptoms of anxiety and depression confirmed all the assumptions as mediating factors for the dependent variable hypersexuality, and the symptoms of anxiety for the dependent variable sexual compulsivity. Regarding CSA/ASA characteristics, the majority were abused by multiple abusers, who were generally known people from their social and family life. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the high prevalence of CSA/ASA in men with CSB, which showed a greater severity of depressive, anxious, sexually compulsive, hypersexual symptoms, compared to those who did not reported CSA/ASA. Symptoms of anxiety and depression showed mediating effect for the severity of the hypersexuality, as well as the symptoms of anxiety showed mediating effect for the severity of sexual compulsivity of those who reported CSA/ASA

This study is an exploration of transitional justice mechanisms available to post conflict communities. It is a context sensitive and sustained interrogation of the effectiveness of endogenous transitional justice mechanisms in post-colonial Zimbabwe. The study utilised Ruti Teitel’s (1997: 2009-2080) realist/idealist theory as its theoretical framework. Using the case of Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, it analyses the application of imported idealist transitional justice mechanisms, mainly International Criminal Court (ICC) trials. It also debates the efficacy of realist transitional justice mechanisms, mainly the South African model of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).The study explores the application of what it terms broad realist transitional justice mechanisms used mostly in rural areas of Zimbabwe to achieve peace building and reconciliation. These modes of everyday healing and reconciliation include the traditional institutions of ngozi (avenging spirit), botso (self-shaming), chenura (cleansing ceremonies), nhimbe (community working groups) and nyaradzo (memorials). The key finding of this exploration is that local realist transitional justice mechanisms are more efficacious in fostering peace building and reconciliation than imported idealist mechanisms such as the ICC trials and imported realist mechanisms such as the TRC. More value can be realised when imported realist mechanisms and local realist transitional justice mechanisms complement each other. The study contributes to the literature on transitional justice in general and bottom-up, victim-centred reconciliation in particular. It offers a different approach to the study of transitional justice in post conflict Zimbabwe by recasting the debate away from the liberal peace paradigm which critiques state centric top-down approaches such as trials, clemencies, amnesties and institutional reform. The study considers the agency of ‘ordinary’ people in resolving the after effects of politically motivated harm. It also lays the foundation for further research into other traditional transitional justice mechanisms used for peace building and reconciliation elsewhere in Africa / Political Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Politics)

The Rivonia treason trial started on October 9, 1963, the same day that former Cape Town coloured singer Danny Williams made front page headlines by marrying a white girl in London. Those were the days when apartheid, not as “reformed” as it is today, was rigorously applied by the National Party government. Love, sex and marriage across the colour line were forbidden. Crooner Williams, 31, then riding the crest of the pop wave with his ballad “Moon River”, took his vows with Bobbi Carole, who married him against the wishes of her parents. Williams, fearing persecution, told an interviewer he would not be welcome in South Africa again. But most prominent by far on the front page that day was the Rivonia treason trial. A report from Pretoria — following the style of the times — said: “Eleven men — four whites, one Indian and six Natives — went on trial in the Supreme Court here today before Mr Justice Quartus de Wet (Judge President of the Transvaal) on charges of sabotage and of offences under the Suppression of Communism Act and of contravening the Criminal Law Amendment Act.” / Supplement to The Argus, Wednesday February 7 1990 / Exclusive Part 2

<p>The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrogation transcripts of interviews with girls between the age of 11 and 16 who are alleged victims of sexual crimes. The examination is done from a gender perspective, by comparing six interrogations by male interrogators and eight interrogations by female interrogators. The study has used linguistic indicators relating to the interrogation methodological guidelines, in order to highlight how the interrogators give girls the opportunity and space to share their experience of the alleged sexual offense. Text material is categorized based on themes and analyzed in detail to find any gender-specific patterns of hearing leaders and if the girls are given space and opportunity for a free storytelling. The results show that in several themes, differences between the male and the female interrogators can be discerned. It has emerged that male interrogators in this study have a greater use of social support, that there are various techniques used by men and women between how the names of sexual words are created and that the female interrogation leaders questioning on average are longer and have a higher frequency of issues. In other dimensions, that has been investigated the differences are not significant.</p>

Originally presented as author's thesis (doctoral) -- Humboldt-Univ., /2007--Berlin, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 487-501) and index.

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thèse de l'auteur (Ph. D.)--University of Groningen, 2003. / Comprend un résumé en allemand et en espagnol. Bibliogr.: p. 277-286.

Construit autour du contrat de travail, le droit du travail s’appuie sur une relation bilatérale entre l’employeur et le salarié. Le prêt et la fourniture de main-d’œuvre perturbent cet équilibre parce que la force de travail du salarié bénéficie à un tiers au contrat de travail. La méfiance originelle s’est traduite par deux prohibitions de principe pénalement sanctionnées : le marchandage et le prêt illicite de maind’œuvre. L’évolution du marché économique a contraint le législateur à dépasser la seule répression pour envisager la légalisation et l’encadrement de mises à disposition de plus en plus variées. Ces nombreux à-coups législatifs, en l’absence de revalorisation des incriminations, remettent en cause l’efficacité de la prohibition pénale. Le droit pénal est-il encore adapté pour lutter contre les dérives des prêts et fournitures de main-d’œuvre ? Si l’encadrement répressif actuel et sa mise en œuvre sont critiquables, la dépénalisation « sèche » n’est pas pour autant la seule solution. / Built around the employment contract, labour law is based on a bilateral relationship between an employer and an employee. The leasing and subcontracting of labour force disrupt this balance because the employee's labour force benefits a third party to the employment contract. The original mistrust resulted in two criminally sanctioned prohibitions: illegal subcontracting and illegal labour leasing. The evolution of the economic market has forced the legislator to go beyond repression alone and to consider the legalization and supervision of more and more types of manpower leasing. These numerous legislative interventions, in the absence of the revalorization of the incriminations, question the effectiveness of the criminal prohibition. Is criminal law still suited to fight against the excesses of labour leasing and subcontracting? Although the current repressive framework and its implementation are open to criticism, decriminalization alone is not the only solution.