The threat posed by non-ferrous metal theft to industries in South Africa is substantial but is also regarded with indifference. A reason for this view may be that the criminal act is ordinarily not accompanied by violence and the target of the crime is an object that is far removed from the vicinity of the majority of South Africans. Non-ferrous metal theft may sometimes even be erroneously termed a victimless crime. This study endeavours to shed light on the complexities of non-ferrous metal theft and the industrial dangers that may be suffered if this crime is not eradicated. A case study from the mining industry was used to examine the nature and extent of non-ferrous metal theft. A mixed methods approach was followed in terms of which qualitative and quantitative research was done sequentially to provide the best possible representation of the situation. The participant allowed access to data over a six-year period as well as access to mine employees for interviews to assist with understanding the safety and security measures that the mine put in place to protect its workforce. This information led to another realisation, namely that if non-ferrous metal thieves cut an electricity supply line that is critical for life support and transportation in the mine, mineworkers may succumb to the harsh conditions underground. It also became evident that the police and the criminal justice system must develop a better understanding of the seriousness of non-ferrous metal theft. If this does not happen in the near future, managing the consequences of nonferrous metal theft at South African mines will become a mammoth task. Such mines and other industries affected by non-ferrous metal related theft must collaborate with each other and the police in order to understand the nature of the crime and to ensure that the prosecution of the perpetrators is handled properly. These industries should also subscribe to a pragmatic approach to crime prevention whereby various components from different crime prevention strategies are used to address the issues being experienced and whereby a unique crime prevention model for each industry and mining site can be developed. / Police Practice / M.A. (Policing)

Submitted by Cristiane Roberta Franco da Cruz Rego (cristiane.rego@braskem.com) on 2018-05-14T20:46:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rego FGV mestrado profissional biblioteca digital.pdf: 1100282 bytes, checksum: cb859577287a95cc2058f90db22d20fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-05-14T21:16:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rego FGV mestrado profissional biblioteca digital.pdf: 1100282 bytes, checksum: cb859577287a95cc2058f90db22d20fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-15T13:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rego FGV mestrado profissional biblioteca digital.pdf: 1100282 bytes, checksum: cb859577287a95cc2058f90db22d20fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T13:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rego FGV mestrado profissional biblioteca digital.pdf: 1100282 bytes, checksum: cb859577287a95cc2058f90db22d20fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-27 / O presente trabalho de conclusão de mestrado visa contribuir para esclarecer conceitos, propor novos caminhos e fomentar o debate a respeito da busca pela reparação de danos como forma de desestimular a prática de cartel. Para tanto, foram observados alguns os cartéis já condenados e alguns casos ainda em andamento no CADE, bem como a legislação do Brasil e de outras jurisdições. A primeira parte contém breve explicação sobre o Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência e infrações à ordem econômica, bem como a configuração e a punição do cartel perante o CADE. A segunda parte identifica as implicações do Acordo de Leniência e do Termo de Cessação de Conduta - TCC, bem como o prazo de prescrição para propositura de ação indenizatória. Além disso, descreve as características da ação judicial e as dificuldades que precisarão ser enfrentadas, com destaque para a questão do cálculo do dano. Na terceira parte deste trabalho, são apresentadas contribuições de medidas que, se adotadas, poderão desestimular a prática 9de cartel e aumentar o enforcement da reparação de danos à concorrência. Algumas poderão ser implementadas de imediato e outras dependerão de alteração legislativa. Neste aspecto, também foi realizada a análise do projeto de lei do senado que visa alteração a Lei de Defesa da Concorrência – LDC (Lei nº 12.529/2011), para estimular o ajuizamento de ações visando ressarcimento de danos decorrentes de infrações à ordem econômica. Por fim, o trabalho contém três anexos, sendo o primeiro deles referente à legislação aplicável às regras de prazo e contagem de prescrição no Brasil e em outras jurisdições. O segundo anexo trata de jurisprudência, listando, de forma exemplificativa, algumas ações coletivas e ações indenizatórias individuais, bem como traz exemplos de protestos para interromper a contagem do prazo de prescrição. / This dissertation aims to contribute to clarify concepts, discuss practical cases, propose new ways and foster debate regarding the search for damages as a way to discourage cartel practice. In order to do so, we have observed the already convicted cartels and the cases still in progress at CADE and the laws of Brazil and other jurisdictions. The first part contains a brief explanation of the Brazilian System of Defense of Competition and infractions to the economic order, as well as the configuration and punishment of the cartel before CADE. The second part identifies the implications of the Agreement of Leniency and the Term of Cessation of Conduct - TCC, as well as the limitation period for filing a claim. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the lawsuit and the difficulties that will need to be faced, with emphasis on the issue of the calculation of damages. In the third part of this work, contributions of measures are presented that, if adopted, could discourage the practice of cartel and increase the enforcement of the reparation of damages to the competition. Some may be implemented immediately and others will depend on legislative change. Finally, the work contains three annexes, the first of which refers to the legislation applicable to the rules about period limitation and counting of statute limitation in Brazil and in other jurisdictions. The second annex deals with jurisprudence, listing the main issues discussed in collective actions and individual indemnification actions, as well as showing examples of protests to stop the counting of the period of limitation. The last annex contains an analysis of the Senate bill drafting that seeks to amend the Competition Law - LDC (Law nº 12.529/2011), to stimulate the filing of actions to recover damages arising from breaches of the economic order.

INTRODUÇÃO: O abuso sexual infantil pode influenciar na vulnerabilidade para os transtornos mentais na vida adulta, incluindo alterações do humor e exacerbação do comportamento sexual. Nos últimos anos têm surgido evidências de conexões entre os estados negativos do humor e a compulsividade sexual. Porém, faltava investigar se os estados de ansiedade e depressão poderiam ser mediadores da gravidade da compulsão sexual, em homens que referiram abuso sexual na infância/adolescência (ASI/ASA). OBJETIVOS: Investigar a prevalência de ASI/ASA em homens com comportamento sexual compulsivo (CSC); a associação entre o ASI/ASA e depressão/ansiedade; e o efeito mediador da ansiedade e depressão em relação a gravidade dos sintomas de compulsividade sexual e hipersexualidade daqueles que referiram ASI/ASA. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com 222 homens que buscaram tratamento para o CSC no Ambulatório de Impulso Sexual Excessivo e de Prevenção aos Desfechos Negativos Associados ao Comportamento Sexual do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de outubro de 2010 a dezembro de 2017. Os participantes, com idades acima de 18 anos, preencheram o critério para apetite sexual excessivo (CID-10: F52.7) e dependência de sexo, e não preencherem diagnóstico para transtorno de preferência (CID-10 F65), identidade sexual (CID-10 F64), esquizofrenia (CID-10 F20), quadros psicóticos devido a lesão ou doença física (CID-10 F0.6). Eles participaram de entrevistas diagnóstica e investigativa dos aspectos sociodemográficos e preencheram os instrumentos: \"Escala de Compulsividade Sexual\", \"Inventário de Triagem do Transtorno Hipersexual\", \"Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck\", \"Inventário de Depressão de Beck\", \"Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância\", \"Instrumento para Caracterização de Experiências Sexuais Vivenciadas na Infância e Adolescência\". Foram considerados como tendo ASI/ASA aqueles que atingiram o ponto de corte (= 6) para abuso sexual no Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância. Foi utilizada a análise estatística de mediação. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de ASI/ASA foi de 57% (n = 127), sendo que os participantes que referiram ASI/ASA apresentaram menor número médio de anos de educação (p = 0,008) e menor mediana de renda familiar mensal (p = 0,009), comparados aos que não referiram. Os participantes que referiram ASI/ASA apresentaram maior gravidade de compulsividade sexual (p = 0,004), hipersexualidade (p = 0,007), depressão (p = 0,005) e ansiedade (p = 0,004), comparados com os que não referiram. Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão confirmaram todos os pressupostos como fatores mediadores para a variável dependente hipersexualidade e os sintomas de ansiedade para a variável dependente compulsividade sexual. Em relação as características do ASI/ASA, a maioria foi abusada por múltiplos abusadores, que geralmente eram pessoas conhecidas de seu convívio social e familiar. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirmou a alta prevalência de ASI/ASA em homens com CSC, os quais demonstraram maior gravidade dos sintomas depressivos, ansiosos, compulsivos sexuais e hipersexuais, comparados aos que não referiram ASI/ASA. Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão apresentaram efeito mediador para a maior gravidade da hipersexualidade, bem como os sintomas de ansiedade apresentaram efeito mediador para a maior gravidade da compulsividade sexual nos que referiram ASI/ASA / INTRODUCTION: Childhood sexual abuse may influence the vulnerability to mental disorders in adult life, including mood alterations, and exacerbation of sexual behavior. In recent years has emerged evidence of connections between negative mood states and sexual compulsivity. But still lacking to investigate whether anxiety and depression could mediate the severity of sexual compulsion, in men who have suffered child/adolescence sexual abuse (CSA/ASA). OBJECTIVE: We investigate the prevalence of CSA/ASA in men with compulsive sexual behavior (CSB); the association between CSA/ASA and depression/anxiety; the mediating effect of anxiety and depression with respect to the severity of symptoms of sexual compulsivity and hypersexuality of those who reported CSA/ASA. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 222 men who sought treatment for CSB, in the Ambulatório de Impulso Sexual Excessivo e de Prevenção aos Desfechos Negativos Associados ao Comportamento Sexual do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, from October 2010 to December 2017. Participants with ages over 18 years, who met criteria for excessive sexual drive (ICD-10: F52.7) and sex addiction, and did not meet diagnostic criteria for preference (ICD-10 F65), sexual identity disorder (CID-10 F64), schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20), psychotic disorders due to injury or physical disease (ICD-10 F0.6) were included. They underwent to diagnostic and sociodemographic investigative interviews and fulfilled: \"Sexual Compulsivity Scale\"; \"Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory\"; \"Beck Anxiety Inventory\"; \"Beck Depression Inventory\"; \"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire\"; \"Instrument for Characterization of Experiences Experienced in Childhood and Adolescence\". Those who reached the cutoff point (= 6) of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were considered as having CSA/ASA. The statistical analysis of mediation was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of CSA/ASA was 57% (n = 127), and the group of participants who reported CSA/ASA had a lower average number of years of education (p = 0.008), and lower Median of monthly family income (p = 0.009), compared to the group that did not report. Participants who reported CSA / ASA presented greater severity of sexual compulsivity (p = 0.004), hypersexuality (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.004), compared with those who did not. The symptoms of anxiety and depression confirmed all the assumptions as mediating factors for the dependent variable hypersexuality, and the symptoms of anxiety for the dependent variable sexual compulsivity. Regarding CSA/ASA characteristics, the majority were abused by multiple abusers, who were generally known people from their social and family life. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the high prevalence of CSA/ASA in men with CSB, which showed a greater severity of depressive, anxious, sexually compulsive, hypersexual symptoms, compared to those who did not reported CSA/ASA. Symptoms of anxiety and depression showed mediating effect for the severity of the hypersexuality, as well as the symptoms of anxiety showed mediating effect for the severity of sexual compulsivity of those who reported CSA/ASA

La presente ricerca indaga il dibattito sociale, culturale e politico che ha anticipato la legge n. 66 Norme penali contro la violenza sessuale, licenziata dal Parlamento italiano nel febbraio 1996 e che, a quasi settant’anni dall’entrata in vigore del Codice penale Rocco, modificò la normativa vigente in materia di reati sessuali. Quel risultato arrivò a conclusione di un dibattito ventennale che visse due fasi principali: la prima coincise con il decennio degli anni Settanta ed ebbe come protagonista il movimento femminista, la seconda prese avvio all’inizio degli anni Ottanta e spostò il baricentro della discussione all’interno delle aule parlamentari. Nel lavoro di analisi proposto sono state seguite tre direttrici principali. Innanzitutto si è indagato il ruolo giocato dal movimento femminista nell’accendere i riflettori sul tema dello stupro e nel rompere il muro di silenzio che lo aveva relegato a questione privata. In secondo luogo si è tentato di fotografare il fermento sociale e culturale che accompagnò l’iniziativa femminista contribuendo a diffondere nella società civile italiana una nuova consapevolezza sul tema della violenza e degli abusi sessuali. L’attenzione si è infine soffermata sulla pluralità di approcci, punti di vista ed interpretazioni che animarono il dibattito parlamentare sulla riforma in materia di reati sessuali con l’intento di portare alla luce le ragioni più o meno nascoste che per cinque legislature impedirono alle forze politiche di approdare ad una soluzione condivisa. / This research aims to investigate the social, cultural and political debate that has anticipated law no. 66 Norme penali contro la violenza sessuale, dismissed by the Italian Parliament in February 1996. That result amended the current law in sex offenses and it was the final step of a twenty-year debate during which the Italian feminist movement played a crucial role. This research has three principle objectives. Firstly, it investigates the role played by the Italian feminist movement in bringing to light the subject of rape and breaking the wall of silence that had relegated it to a private sphere. Secondly, it aims to photograph the social and cultural turmoil raised by the feminist initiative which spread a new awareness about violence and sexual abuses in the Italian civil society. Thirdly, the research analyses the plurality of opinions and points of view that animated the parliamentary debate and prevented political forces from reaching a shared approach on the reform of criminal sex offenses.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrogation transcripts of interviews with girls between the age of 11 and 16 who are alleged victims of sexual crimes. The examination is done from a gender perspective, by comparing six interrogations by male interrogators and eight interrogations by female interrogators. The study has used linguistic indicators relating to the interrogation methodological guidelines, in order to highlight how the interrogators give girls the opportunity and space to share their experience of the alleged sexual offense. Text material is categorized based on themes and analyzed in detail to find any gender-specific patterns of hearing leaders and if the girls are given space and opportunity for a free storytelling. The results show that in several themes, differences between the male and the female interrogators can be discerned. It has emerged that male interrogators in this study have a greater use of social support, that there are various techniques used by men and women between how the names of sexual words are created and that the female interrogation leaders questioning on average are longer and have a higher frequency of issues. In other dimensions, that has been investigated the differences are not significant.

Syftet med vår studie var att ur ett genusperspektiv undersöka ungdomars konstruktioner och föreställningar kring gärningspersoner och offer vid sexualbrott. Vi gjorde tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt 18 ungdomar i gymnasieåldern. Ungdomarna benämnde genomgående gärningspersoner som män och hade generellt svårt att se kvinnor som gärningspersoner vid sexualbrott. Manliga gärningspersoner konstruerades främst som alfahannar som begår sexualbrott för att få utlopp för sin sexualitet medan kvinnliga gärningspersoner främst konstruerades som sjuka, konstiga och utan självrespekt. Ungdomarna hade lättare att se kvinnor som offer vid sexualbrott, samtidigt framhölls flertalet omständigheter som påverkar kvinnors offerstatus negativt. Att som kvinna utsättas för sexualbrott ansågs resultera i psykiska men och en kränkt sexualitet. Män beskrevs alltid vara okej och tycktes inte påverkas av utsatthet för sexuella övergrepp. Ungdomarna menade att kvinnor som berättar om övergrepp riskerar att betraktas som slampor och förstörda medan män som berättar om övergrepp riskerar att betraktas som homosexuella och omanliga. / Deep down, maybe she wanted it An essay based on qualitative focus group interviews with adolescents in a Swedish high school, regarding their thoughts on and constructions of perpetrators and victims of sexual offenses. The aim of our study was to examine adolescents perceptions and constructions of perpetrators and victims of sexual offenses from a gender perspective. We conducted three focus group interviews with a total of 18 adolescents between the age of 16 and 19. The adolescents consistently referred to perpetrators as men and generally had difficulties seeing women as perpetrators of sexual offenses. Male offenders were primarily depicted as alpha males who commit sexual offenses in order to get a sexual release, while female offenders were primarily depicted as sick, strange and without self-respect. The adolescents more easily perceived women as victims of sexual offenses, still, some circumstances seemed to affect the possibility for a woman to be viewed as an ideal victim, in a negative way. Being a woman subjected to a sexual offense was thought to result in mental issues and breached sexuality, while men were thought not to be as affected by sexual abuse. The adolescents believed that women who reported abuse risked being looked at as sluts and as tainted while men who reported abuse where at risk of being considered as unmanly and as homosexuals.

This research explores whether women offenders who committed property crimes suffer from feminization of poverty, and social deprivations as asserted by the economic marginalization theory. Social deprivations include being a single parent with dependent children at home, being the main financial supporter of a household and being primary caretaker to minor children.

No description available.

Conservation criminology as a derivative of environmental criminology is considered in this dissertation through a strategic/empirical investigation of the illegal exploitation of a cross-section of certain, essentially fiscally attractive marine resources, as a form of environmental crime in the Western Cape province. Through primarily qualitative and quantitative interviewing techniques, augmented by the application of a survey questionnaire, significant and pragmatic insight was obtained from knowledgeable functionaries. The study elucidates the purview and dynamics of the marine crime phenomenon by focussing specifically on issues such as modus operandi, crime scenes, causation, operational efficacy, and social/biological repercussions. Deficient policing capacity and concomitant lack of deterrence, compounded by institutional limitations, emerge as fundamental proclivities impeding proficient marine resource conservation. It is envisaged that this study will broaden the frontiers of marine crime knowledge, contributing not only to the implementation of effective mitigation programmes but also to enriching the criminological discipline as a whole. / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

Conservation criminology as a derivative of environmental criminology is considered in this dissertation through a strategic/empirical investigation of the illegal exploitation of a cross-section of certain, essentially fiscally attractive marine resources, as a form of environmental crime in the Western Cape province. Through primarily qualitative and quantitative interviewing techniques, augmented by the application of a survey questionnaire, significant and pragmatic insight was obtained from knowledgeable functionaries. The study elucidates the purview and dynamics of the marine crime phenomenon by focussing specifically on issues such as modus operandi, crime scenes, causation, operational efficacy, and social/biological repercussions. Deficient policing capacity and concomitant lack of deterrence, compounded by institutional limitations, emerge as fundamental proclivities impeding proficient marine resource conservation. It is envisaged that this study will broaden the frontiers of marine crime knowledge, contributing not only to the implementation of effective mitigation programmes but also to enriching the criminological discipline as a whole. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)