[Truncated abstract] Veterinarians have considerable potential for exposure to several known reproductive hazards such as radiation, anaesthetic gases, pesticides, long working hours and occupational stress. Reproductive effects are a concern to female veterinarians, especially now that about 65% of graduates from Australian veterinary science schools are female. In the last two decades, there have been reports on the possible associations between occupational exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians, but most of them have been equivocal and the whole area remains controversial. More evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was conducted as a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools during the 40-year period 1960-2000. Of 5,748 eligible veterinarians who were sent the questionnaires (73% of the whole cohort), 2,800 replied including 1,197 females (42.8%). Among women veterinarians eligible to participate, 59% participated . . . Identification of these associations may provide the opportunity for preventing harmful exposures and thus reduce the risk of any adverse reproductive outcomes not only for veterinarians, but also for other groups exposed to these risks such as veterinary nurses, animal laboratory technicians, anaesthetists, dentists, dental assistants, and other similar professional groups. The author of this thesis, having completely addressed the research objectives of her doctoral candidacy, has set out and acted on a future research agenda designed to explore the association between perceived occupational stress and pregnancy outcomes and infertility in Australian female veterinarians.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol, inst., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T19:56:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marielle Sousa Vilela Bernardes - 2015.pdf: 1981134 bytes, checksum: 8a18ebb5d661b2ad5d695f1f143436c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T11:39:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marielle Sousa Vilela Bernardes - 2015.pdf: 1981134 bytes, checksum: 8a18ebb5d661b2ad5d695f1f143436c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T11:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marielle Sousa Vilela Bernardes - 2015.pdf: 1981134 bytes, checksum: 8a18ebb5d661b2ad5d695f1f143436c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Primary health care workers are exposed to many occupational hazards related to its activities, among them those biological. Understanding and identifying these risks by workers promote behavior change and can make them adhere to safety measures. GOAL: To identify multidisciplinary team workers beliefs of primary health care related to worker safety, the biological risk at workplace. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive study with qualitative approach, performed in seven units of primary health care in the city of Goiânia-GO, in 2014. The study included 43 workers, seven nurses, seven dentists, four doctors, five technicians / assistants in oral health, eight nursing technicians, six administrative assistants and six auxiliary hygiene and cleanliness. We used the technique of critical incident data collection, with semi-structured interviews with two parts: the first looked at data from the subjects characterization and, second, information on the subject. It was conducted content analysis, according to Bardin, discussed based on Health Belief Model of Rosenstock. RESULTS: As to gender, 88.4% were female, aged between 24 and 66 years, mean 46 years. According to vocational training, 16 (37%) were post-graduates; 12 (28%) completed high school; seven (16%) incomplete higher graduation course; four (9%) complete graduation course, and four (9%) primary school. The training ranged from four to 34 years. It was identified that the workers still lack clarity about their vulnerability to biological hazards at workplace. Understanding these workers, on such risks leads to other health facilities as hospitals and emergency services. However, they realized the beliefs related to preventive measures as benefits. This severity was unveiled from previous experiences of workers in working accidents. CONCLUSION: The beliefs of workers in primary health care, related to worker safety at the workplace, expressed basic concepts and are often inconsistent on the subject. These difficulties show health policies of poor investment in human resources on safety perspective. The workers were not able to enter the labor everyday life, a culture of appreciation of biological risks and adherence to preventive measures recommended by the Brazilian guidelines. The evidences in this study make us to rethink the interfaces involved in the work process and biological hazards in low and medium level complexity. Therefore, we propose a continuing education program in health, which instigates the technical improvement and security of organizational culture at the workplace in all health care levels by emphasizing the worker's beliefs. / Los trabajadores que trabajan en la atención primaria de la salud están expuestas a diversos riesgos laborales inherentes a sus actividades, entre las que destacan biológica. La comprensión y la identificación de estos riesgos por los trabajadores a promover el cambio de comportamiento y puede impulsarlos a que se adhieran a las medidas de seguridad. OBJETIVO: identificar las creencias de los trabajadores equipo multidisciplinario de atención primaria de salud con respecto a la seguridad de los trabajadores, fuera del riesgo biológico en el ambiente laboral. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en siete unidades de atención primaria de salud en la ciudad de Goiânia-GO, en 2014. El estudio incluyó a 43 trabajadores, siete enfermeras, dentistas siete, cuatro médicos, cinco técnicos / asistentes en salud oral ocho técnicos de enfermería, seis, seis auxiliares administrativos y auxiliares de limpieza y limpeza.Utilizou la técnica de recolección de datos de incidentes críticos, que se produjo a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas que contienen dos partes: la primera analizaron los datos de la caracterización de los sujetos y el segundo, la información sobre el tema. RESULTADOS: En cuanto al género, el 88,4% eran mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 24 y 66 años, con una media de 46 años. De acuerdo a la formación profesional, 16 (37%) eran posgraduados; 12 (28%) completaron la escuela secundaria; siete (16%) superior incompleta; cuatro (9%) completan la parte superior, y cuatro (9%) de la escuela primaria. El entrenamiento varió de cuatro a 34 años. Fue identificado que los trabajadores aún no tienen claridad acerca de (a) su vulnerabilidad a los riesgos biológicos en el lugar de trabajo; La comprensión de estos trabajadores en tales riesgos conduce a otros centros de salud como hospitales y servicios de emergencia. Sin embargo, las creencias relacionadas con las medidas preventivas fueron percibidos por ellos como beneficios. La gravedad percibida revelado de las experiencias anteriores de los trabajadores accidentes frontales en el trabajo y una fuente de inseguridad que el ámbito de la atención sanitaria. CONCLUSIÓN: Las creencias de los trabajadores de atención primaria de salud, relacionados con la seguridad de los trabajadores en el lugar de trabajo, expresan conceptos básicos y, a menudo inconsistentes sobre el tema. Estas dificultades se refieren las políticas de salud en la inversión enfocados debilidades en recursos humanos desde la perspectiva de la seguridad. Dado que los trabajadores no fueron capaces de entrar en la vida cotidiana de trabajo, una cultura de apreciación de los riesgos biológicos y la adhesión a las medidas preventivas recomendadas por las directrices brasileñas. Evidencia aprovechado este estudio en la unidad de repensar las interfaces que participan en el proceso de trabajo y los riesgos biológicos en el de bajo nivel y mediana complejidad. Por lo tanto, se propone un programa de educación para la salud, que solicita la mejora técnica y la seguridad de la cultura organizacional en el ambiente de trabajo en todos los niveles de atención de salud, haciendo hincapié en las creencias de los trabajadores. / Os trabalhadores que atuam na atenção primária à saúde estão expostos a diversos riscos ocupacionais intrínsecos às suas atividades, entre eles, sobressaem os biológicos. A compreensão e a identificação desses riscos pelos trabalhadores favorecem a mudança de comportamento e podem impulsioná-los a aderir às medidas seguras. OBJETIVO: Identificar as crenças de trabalhadores da equipe multiprofissional da atenção primária à saúde, em relação à segurança do trabalhador, frente ao risco biológico na ambiência laboral. METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em sete unidades de atenção primária à saúde do município de Goiânia-GO, em 2014. Participaram do estudo 43 trabalhadores: sete enfermeiros, sete cirurgiões dentistas, quatro médicos, cinco técnicos/auxiliares em saúde bucal, oito técnicos em enfermagem, seis auxiliares administrativos e seis auxiliares de higienização e limpeza. Utilizou-se a técnica do incidente crítico para a coleta dos dados, que ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas contendo duas partes: a primeira contemplou dados da caracterização dos sujeitos e, a segunda, informação sobre a temática. Realizada Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin, discutida sob o referencial do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde de Rosenstock. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao gênero, 88,4% eram do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 24 e 66 anos e média de 46 anos. De acordo com a formação profissional, 16 (37%) eram pós-graduados; 12 (28%) concluíram o ensino médio; sete (16%) superior incompleto; quatro (9%) superior completo, e quatro (9%) ensino fundamental. O tempo de formação variou de quatro a 34 anos. Identificou-se que os trabalhadores ainda não têm clareza sobre sua vulnerabilidade aos riscos biológicos no ambiente de trabalho. A compreensão desses trabalhadores, sobre tais riscos remete a outros estabelecimentos de saúde, como, hospitais e serviços de emergência. Porém, as crenças relacionadas às medidas preventivas foram por eles percebidas como benefícios. A severidade percebida desvelou-se a partir de experiências prévias dos trabalhadores frente aos acidentes de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: As crenças dos trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde, relacionadas à segurança do trabalhador no ambiente laboral, expressaram conceitos elementares e muitas vezes inconsistentes sobre a temática. Essas dificuldades remetem as fragilidades de investimentos em políticas de saúde focadas nos recursos humanos sob o olhar da segurança no trabalho. Os trabalhadores não foram capazes de incorporar no cotidiano laboral, uma cultura de valorização dos riscos biológicos e de adesão às medidas preventivas recomendadas pelas diretrizes brasileiras. As evidências alavancadas nesse estudo nos impulsionam a repensar as interfaces envolvidas no processo de trabalho e os riscos biológicos no nível de baixa e média complexidade. Assim sendo, propõe-se um programa de educação permanente em saúde, que instigue o aprimoramento técnico e a cultura organizacional de segurança no ambiente laboral em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, mediante a valorização das crenças do trabalhador.

Cette recherche s'est donné pour objectif d’étudier le dialogue entre les différents acteurs de la prévention des risques au travail. Ce champ touchant à plusieurs domaines de connaissance, les entreprises cherchent à maîtriser les risques dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire. Cependant, bien qu'il soit important le regard des différents champs de connaissance, plusieurs facteurs font partie des activités d’un collectif qui s'occupe de la prévention : l'interaction entre les membres du groupe, la circulation et le dialogue entre les savoirs des différents acteurs, un rapport de force entre les membres de l’équipe, etc. On a enquêté sur la circulation de savoirs entre les acteurs du CHSCT du Centre NF-B, et leur contribution à la prévention des risques. Pour que cette étude reflète la réalité du travail du CHSCT, on a pris en compte les savoirs constitués (formels) ainsi que les savoirs de l’expérience des acteurs. En s'appuyant sur la démarche ergologique qui considère ces deux formes de savoirs, on a pris en compte le point de vue de ceux qui participent au CHSCT. L’analyse des données a été centrée sur l’évolution du dialogue au fil du temps à propos de certains thèmes. On a constaté que les acteurs rencontrent plusieurs difficultés qui interfèrent dans les dialogues lors de l'accomplissement de leurs missions. Ainsi, on a vu que la circulation et le dialogue entre les savoirs des acteurs apporte des contributions importantes à la prévention et que cette dernière est également favorisée par la manière dont les acteurs surmontent ces obstacles en mettant finalement leurs savoirs en circulation dans l'ensemble du groupe, afin qu'il y ait un dialogue sur ces savoirs. / This research aimed at studying the dialogue between the actors involved in risk prevention at work. As the preventive field covers several areas of knowledge, companies seek to control occupational hazards within a multidisciplinary perspective. However, despite the importance of viewing from various fields of knowledge, several factors are part of the activities of a collective that deals with prevention: the interaction among group members, circulation and dialogue between the knowledge of the actors, a relationship of power among people or groups that make up this team, etc. The circulation of knowledge between the actors of the CHSCT (Committee for Hygiene, Safety and Working Conditions) of NF-B Center and its contribution to risk prevention was taken into account. So that this study could reflect the reality of CHSCT, the established knowledge (formal) and also the knowledge of the actors experience were considered. Relying on ergological approach that considers these two forms of knowledge the point of view of those who participate in the CHSCT was taken into account. Data analysis was focused on the development of the dialogue on certain topics over time. It showed that the actors find various difficulties that interfere in the dialogues that take place in the fulfillment of their missions. Thus, it was seen that the circulation and dialogue between the knowledge of different actors promote risk prevention, and that this is also favored by the way these actors overcome these obstacles, by placing their knowledge ultimately circulating between various actors of the CHSCT, so there may be a dialogue on this knowledge. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de estudar o diálogo entre as diferentes categorias de atores que intervêm na prevenção de riscos no trabalho. Em razão do campo preventivo abranger vários domínios do conhecimento, as empresas procuram controlar os riscos profissionais dentro de uma prespectiva pluridisciplinar. Contudo, apesar da importância do olhar dediversos campos do conhecimento, observou-se que vários fatores fazem parte das atividades de um coletivo que se ocupa da prevenção, como: a interação entre os membros do grupo, a circulação e o diálogo entre os saberes dos diferentes atores, uma relação de forças entre as pessoas ou os grupos que constituem esta equipe, etc. Investigou-se a circulação de saberes entre o diferentes atores do Comité de higiene, segurança e condições de trabalho (CHSCT)do Centro NF-B e sua contribuição na prevenção de riscos. Este CHCT é composto de atores que representam disciplinas e profissões diferentes e de vários níveis hierárquicos. Para que este estudo refletisse a realidade do trabalho do CHSCT, levou-se em conta os saberes contituídos (formais) e também os saberes da experiência dos atores. Apoiando-se naabordagem ergológica, que considera estas duas formas de saberes, levou-se em conta o ponto de vista daqueles que participam do CHSCT. A análise de dados foi centarada na evolução do diálogo sobre certos temas, ao longo do tempo. Constatou-se que os atores encontram várias dificuldades que interferem nos diálogos que se estabelecem no cumprimento de suas missões. Assim, viu-se que a circulação e o dialogo entre os saberes dos diferentes atores favorecem a prevenção de riscos e que, esta é também favorecida, pela a maneira como os atores superam esses obstáculos colocando, finalmente, seus saberes em circulação entre os diversos atores do CHSCT, para que, assim, haja um dialogo sobre esses saberes.

[ES] La Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de 8 de noviembre de 1995 (LPRL), en vigor desde el 10 de febrero de 1996, establece en su artículo 5: "tendrá por objeto la promoción de la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo dirigida a elevar el nivel de protección de la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores en el trabajo." En esta Tesis se ha investigado la evolución de los índices de siniestralidad laboral y su relación con la evolución de diferentes variables explicativas relacionadas con el desarrollo normativo, el mercado de trabajo, la estructura productiva, las condiciones de empleo y las condiciones individuales, entre otras, para el caso de España y en el periodo 1995-2017, que abarca desde la promulgación de la LPRL hasta fechas recientes donde se disponía de los datos históricos necesarios. La investigación se ha centrado en los índices de salud más relevantes según su significado en términos de riesgo y/o sus componentes. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido el encontrar evidencias sobre relaciones causa-efecto entre índices y variables, a partir de las cuales extraer lecciones que facilitarán una mejor planificación de la acción preventiva. Para ello, se han propuesto varios modelos explicativos utilizando diferentes herramientas estadísticas, que han permitido formular de manera explícita y analizar la relación entre la evolución de los indicadores de salud ocupacional y la evolución de las principales variables explicativas. En términos generales puede concluirse que la implantación de dicha ley y normativa que la acompaña ha tenido un impacto positivo en las condiciones de trabajo y en consecuencia sobre el nivel de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores desde entonces y hasta la fecha. Sin embargo, se observan diferentes comportamientos cíclicos en la evolución de los indicadores, tales como los índices de incidencia, frecuencia y gravedad, que pone de manifiesto su dependencia de la naturaleza y comportamiento cíclico de algunas de las variables explicativas más importantes relacionadas con ciclos económicos, mercado de trabajo, estructura productiva, etc. Además, se observa como aspectos tales como la pertenencia a grupos de edad jóvenes o expertos, el nivel de estudios, determinadas categorías profesionales, y algunos sectores particulares tienen efectos significativos sobre los valores alcanzados por los índices de siniestralidad. En cambio, otros, como el trabajo a tiempo parcial o la contratación temporal no manifiestan tener tanta repercusión sobre los indicadores. / [CA] Partint de les dades corresponents als accidents ocorreguts en el període 1995-2017, es La Llei de Prevenció de Riscos Laborals de 8 de novembre de 1995 (*LPRL), en vigor des del 10 de febrer de 1996, estableix en el seu article 5: "tindrà per objecte la promoció de la millora de les condicions de treball dirigida a elevar el nivell de protecció de la seguretat i la salut dels treballadors en el treball." En aquesta Tesi s'ha investigat l'evolució dels índexs de sinistralitat laboral i la seua relació amb l'evolució de diferents variables explicatives relacionades amb el desenvolupament normatiu, el mercat de treball, l'estructura productiva, les condicions d'ocupació i les condicions individuals, entre altres, per al cas d'Espanya i en el període 1995-2017, que abasta des de la promulgació de la LPRL fins a dates recents on es disposava de les dades històriques necessàries. La investigació s'ha centrat en els índexs de salut més rellevants segons el seu significat en termes de risc i/o els seus components. L'objectiu de la investigació ha sigut el trobar evidències sobre relacions causa-efecte entre índexs i variables, a partir de les quals extraure lliçons que facilitaran una millor planificació de l'acció preventiva. Per a això, s'han proposat diversos models explicatius utilitzant diferents eines estadístiques, que han permés formular de manera explícita i analitzar la relació entre l'evolució dels indicadors de salut ocupacional i l'evolució de les principals variables explicatives. En termes generals pot concloure's que la implantació d'aquesta llei i normativa que l'acompanya ha tingut un impacte positiu en les condicions de treball i en conseqüència sobre el nivell de seguretat i salut dels treballadors des de llavors i fins hui. No obstant això, s'observen diferents comportaments cíclics en l'evolució dels indicadors, com ara els índexs d'incidència, freqüència i gravetat, que posa de manifest la seua dependència de la naturalesa i comportament cíclic d'algunes de les variables explicatives més importants relacionades amb cicles econòmics, mercat de treball, estructura productiva, etc. A més, s'observa com a aspectes com ara la pertinença a grups d'edat joves o experts, el nivell d'estudis, determinades categories professionals, i alguns sectors particulars tenen efectes significatius sobre els valors aconseguits pels índexs de sinistralitat. En canvi, uns altres, com el treball a temps parcial o la contractació temporal no manifesten tindre tanta repercussió sobre els indicadors. / [EN] The Occupational Risk Prevention Act of November 8, 1995 (ORPA), in force since February 10, 1996, establishes in its article 5: "will have as its objective the promotion of the improvement of working conditions aimed at raise the level of protection of the safety and health of workers at work. " This thesis has investigated the evolution of the occupational accident rates and their relationship with the evolution of different explanatory variables related to regulatory development, the labor market, the productive structure, employment conditions and individual conditions, among others, in the case of Spain and in the period 1995-2017, which ranges from the enactment of the LPRL to recent dates where the necessary historical data was available. Research has focused on the most relevant health indices according to their meaning in terms of risk and / or their components. The objective of the research has been to find evidence on cause-effect relationships between indices and variables, from which to extract lessons that will facilitate better planning of preventive action. To this end, several explanatory models have been proposed using different statistical tools, which have made it possible to explicitly formulate and analyze the relationship between the evolution of occupational health indicators and the evolution of the main explanatory variables. In general terms, it can be concluded that the implementation of said law and accompanying regulations has had a positive impact on working conditions and consequently on the level of health and safety of workers since then and to date. However, different cyclical behaviors are observed in the evolution of the indicators, such as incidence, frequency and severity indices, which highlights their dependence on the nature and cyclical behavior of some of the most important explanatory variables related to economic cycles, labor market, productive structure, etc. Furthermore, aspects such as belonging to young age groups or experts, educational level, certain professional categories, and some particular sectors are observed as having significant effects on the values reached by the accident rates. On the other hand, others, such as part-time work or temporary hiring, do not claim to have such an impact on the indicators. / Gallego Blasco, VS. (2021). Análisis de la incidencia de factores causales en la evolución de la siniestralidad laboral en España [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168774 / TESIS

La révolution industrielle du XIXème siècle, marquée par la création des grandes usines, a entraîné une mutation de la classe laborieuse constituée d’ouvriers dont les conditions de travail étaient d’une dureté que l’on peine à imaginer aujourd’hui. L’état de santé des ouvriers représentait pourtant un enjeu économique et politique d’une grande importance. L’Etat a, en conséquence, produit une législation tutélaire visant à protéger les corps des travailleurs : une législation industrielle devenue droit du travail, dans le cadre de ce plus vaste ensemble que l’on dénomme le droit social. Le droit du travail assure un équilibre entre les acteurs des relations du travail. Il est, essentiellement, un droit de compromis à des fins de pacification des relations sociales, un compromis social entre les intérêts des entreprises et ceux des travailleurs salariés. Le « droit social », qui recouvre, au moins, le droit du travail et le droit de la sécurité sociale, est à la fois un droit de protection et un droit de réparation des atteintes portées aux corps des salariés par le travail. L’homme au travail a longtemps été considéré comme une machine de production et le corps perçu uniquement du point de vue mécanique. Mais le corps est le substratum de la personne ; il n’est pas une chose : il est la personne protégée par des règles pénales, les règles composant le droit civil des personnes – au lieu de relever du droit des biens – et celles qui consacrent et garantissent ce que l’on appelle volontiers, aujourd’hui, les droits et libertés fondamentaux. Aujourd’hui, le travail, activité productive, est beaucoup plus diversifié que celui du XIXème siècle. Les conditions sociales et du travail ont évolué avec le droit du travail qui est bien différent d’alors. Les risques professionnels sont différents et l’homme au travail, considéré comme une personne à part entière, peut subir des atteintes à sa santé physique et mentale. Si le droit du travail poursuit les buts partiellement antagonistes de préserver, à la fois, le capital et le travail, la question est de savoir quels instruments juridiques visent à prémunir les salariés des atteintes à leur intégrité physique et mentale que pourrait provoquer le travail. Celui-ci étant, cependant, source d’accidents et de maladies, il s’agit de connaître les outils utilisés par le droit positif afin de permettre la réparation de ces atteintes. / The industrial revolution of the nineteenth century saw the creation of large factories, leading to a change in the living and working conditions for the proletariat, whose working conditions were more difficult than we could imagine today. Worker's health became an economic and political issue of great importance. The State, therefore, passed guardianship legislation to protect workers' health: the industrial legislation become labor law, a subset of broader social laws. The labor law provided a balance between the actors of labor relations. It was essentially a law compromise for the purpose of pacification of social relations, a social compromise between the interests of business and those of employees. "Social law", which incorporates both the labor law and the social welfare law, is composed of laws to protect and rules to govern awards for damages for injuries incurred in the workplace. The working man has long been considered a production machine viewed only from a mechanical point of view, but the body is the substratum of the person; it is not a thing. A person is protected under criminal law and civil law, not property law; what we now call fundamental rights and freedoms. In today's workforce, productive activity is much more diverse than in the Nineteenth Century. Social and labor conditions have evolved, as has labor law. Occupational hazards are different and the working man, considered as a whole person, may suffer damage to his physical and mental health. If labor law continues tries to encourage capital gain and workforce safety at the same time, how effective are the regulations that are in place to protect workers from physical harm. Workplace injuries and illnesses will occur, so it becomes important to know the tools of french positive law created to insure reparations in the instances.

Le concept de « risques psychosociaux au travail » rassemble plusieurs phénomènes de souffrance liés au travail. Ces risques se réfèrent à la fois aux actes porteurs de souffrance et aux expressions de cette souffrance sur la santé des salariés. Malgré sa formulation, ce concept renvoie à des événements qui portent atteinte tant à la santé psychique que physique des travailleurs. Ces atteintes d’origine professionnelle ont pour trait commun leur caractère avant tout social. En effet, les risques psychosociaux sont principalement causés par des organisations du travail, des méthodes de management ou des relations interpersonnelles néfastes. Si l’expression de risques psychosociaux a émergé hors du champ juridique, elle est désormais communément utilisée en droit pour traiter des questions de santé et de sécurité au travail. L’appréhension juridique de ces risques n’est pourtant pas évidente. Ceux-ci sont difficiles à délimiter, teintés de subjectivité et peu enclins à être appréhendés au vu de l’histoire du droit social. Toutefois, le droit est de plus en plus sensible à l’appréhension des différentes dimensions de la personne du salarié. En outre, si la consécration des risques psychosociaux en tant que catégorie juridique est marginale, les événements auxquels renvoie ce concept sont saisis par les textes de droit nationaux et extranationaux ainsi que par la jurisprudence. Dès lors, les dispositifs et solutions juridiques applicables aux relations de travail de droit privé sont en capacité de prévenir ces risques, de les sanctionner ou de les réparer. À ce titre, une multitude d’acteurs internes ou externes à l’entreprise sont en capacité d’agir face à ces risques. / The concept of "psychosocial risks at work" gathers several work-related suffering risks. These risks are, at the same time, related to the generating acts of pain and to the expressions of suchpain on employees’ health. Despite its formulation, this concept refers to events affecting both mental and physical health of workers. Such affecting events share the same social ground. Indeed, psychosocial risks are mainly caused by the companies’ organization themselves, management methods or harmful relationships. Even though the expression of psychosocial risks was formerly developed out of the legal environment, it is now generally used in law to deal with issues of health and safety at work. However, the comprehensive understanding of such risks is not yet obvious from a legal perspective. These are complicated to define and delimit, tinged with subjectivity and unlikely to be understood in light of the employment law history. However, law is increasingly taking into account the different dimensions of the workers’ individuality. Also, if the psychosocial risks fail to be recognized, so far, as an independent and entire legal concept, both laws (domestic and international) and case law are more and more referring to it. Therefore, measures and legal solutions applicable to the working relationships in private companies enable to prevent such risks, punish or compensate them. As such, a wide range of people, whether related or not to the company, are able to duly face these factors.

Este estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo en cinco ciudades examina las condiciones de trabajo, los riesgos, los factores influyentes y los efectos en salud experimentados por trabajadores inmigrantes en España. Se diseñó una muestra por criterio.El tamaño de la muestra final de 158 hombres y mujeres documentados e indocumentados se determinó por saturación del discurso. Los datos fueron recogidos entre septiembre del 2006 y mayo de 2007 mediante entrevistas individuales y grupos focales, ambos semiestructurados y con un guión de temas. Se empleó un análisis narrativo del contenido, siguiendo un esquema de generación mixta. Los datos muestran una exposición frecuente a una variedad de riesgos laborales, horas largas de trabajo y pocos días de descanso, además de prácticas discriminatorias en cuanto a la asignación de tareas. Los informantes carecían de formación en seguridad laboral y de experiencia en sus puestos de trabajo. La mayoría tenía poco control sobre su ambiente de trabajo. Finalmente, relataron abusos en términos de sus condiciones de empleo. Los efectos en salud relatados cubrían un rango, desde la experiencia o el miedo de sufrir lesiones agudas, lesiones de estrés crónico, problemas respiratorios y dermatológicos, la acumulación de fatiga, afectaciones del sueño, síntomas somáticos y síntomas de salud psicológica pobre tales como ansiedad y depresión. Se examinan las diferencias halladas por estatus administrativo y género. Estos resultados no dejan lugar a duda en cuanto a la necesidad de mejorar el apoyo a los inmigrantes trabajadores. También son necesarios mejores datos y vigilancia a la salud de esta población como elementos centrales de tal apoyo. Se discuten áreas específcas que requieren más atención desde la investigación y la polítca. / This qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study in five cities examines the working conditions, hazards, influencing factors and effects on health experienced by immigrant workers in Spain. A criterion sample was designed. The final sample of 158 documented and undocumented immigrant men and women was determined by saturation of the discourse. Data were collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through semistructured individual interviews and focus groups, using a topic guide. We employed narrative content analysis to examine data according to a mixed-generation scheme. The data demonstrated widespread exposure to a variety of occupational hazards, long work hours, and few days off, as well as discriminatory assignation of tasks. Informants lacked worker safety training, appropriate personal protective equipment, and experience in current jobs.Most had very little control over elements of their work environment. Finally, informants reported abuses in terms of employment conditions. Health effects reported ranged from the experience or fear of acute injuries, to chronic strain injuries, respiratory and dermatologic responses, to the accumulation of fatigue, sleep affectations, somatic symptoms, and mental health concerns such as anxiety and depressive mood. Differences by documentation status and gender are discussed. These results leave little doubt about the need for better outreach and support for immigrant workers in Spain. Better data collection and surveillance of this worker population is a centrally necessary element of stronger immigrant worker support. Specific areas in need of more study and policy consideration are discussed.

Work is an essential activity that provides goods or services of value to oneself and others. Paradoxically, in a bid for self-realisation, workers are seriously endangered. Work-related or induced diseases and stresses pose serious threats to workers’ health and the general well-being, hence, the need to seriously consider the issue of occupational health and safety of workers. In terms of safety at work, the experience of small and medium scale enterprises (SMSEs) worldwide is that of neglect. Their incomes are very low and uncertain, coupled with high levels of risk and hazard in their work, with little or no social protection coverage (Chen, 2008). This study therefore examines how environmental and sociological factors determine occupational health and safety of workers in SMSEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Ulrich Beck “Risk Society” theory, Political Economy of Health framework (PEH) (Minkler et al 1994, Linnan et al, 2001) and Labour Process Theory (LPT) (Braverman, 1974; Marx, 1976; Bottome, 1991) underpinned the study. The study adopts both the qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The qualitative method includes field observation of the selected workplaces, six Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and eight In-depth interviews (IDIs). The quantitative involved the use of structured questionnaire. The sample survey involved 180 respondents in a multi-stage sampling technique from purposively selected sawmills, mechanic villages and blacksmith cottages in three Local Government Areas in Lagos State. The quantitative data analysis uses simple percentile and univariate analyses, while the qualitative data are content-analysed, based on the objectives of the study. The findings identified low level of education (60.5%), and poor awareness of OHS in SMSEs (86.1%). It further reveals poor physical (69.5%) and technological environment (70.5%), unavailability of OHS facilities (60.5%) and prevention methods by manager/owners (60.5%), carefree attitudes of workers/managers/owners to OHS (69.5), non-acquaintance of workers to OHS laws (86.1%), workers’ economic incapacitation to deal with issues of occupational hazard (76.1%), lack of enforcement of OHS (88.3%), and transferring knowledge on OHS (82.2%) in the selected SMSEs. The study recommends roles for managers/owners, workers, trade associations, government, non-governmental organisations to promote effective OHS in the selected SMSEs. / Sociology / D.Phil. (Sociology)