Nesta pesquisa descrevem-se e exploram-se pela primeira vez os papéis de controle, direcionamento (estratégia e política) e prestação de serviços dos Conselhos de Administração (CAs) e sua relevância no sistema de governança corporativa nas empresas listadas na BOVESPA. Estuda-se, ainda, também pela primeira vez, de um lado a relação entre os papéis do CAs e a estrutura e tipo de propriedade, tamanho e idade da empresa, determinantes da qualidade de governança no nível do CA e de outro a relação entre os papéis e a participação de investidores institucionais. Os resultados, dada a concentração da amostra, são principalmente aplicáveis às empresas listadas no Novo Mercado ou que emitem ADRs na Bolsa de Nova Iorque. No estudo quantitativo, de caráter descritivo e correlacional, considerou-se uma amostra não probabilística, por conveniência composta por 65 empresas listadas e 122 administradores. O Modelo de Equações Estruturais foi usado inicialmente, mas suspeitas sobre sua adequação levaram a um segundo modelo - o Modelo de Equações Simultâneas. Devido à ausência de dados, o modelo estatístico acabou por utilizar um total de 88 observações. Os CAs em grande parte são dominados pelos acionistas controladores. A participação de conselheiros independentes ainda está abaixo da recomendação das melhores práticas e a presença de acionistas minoritários nos CAs é pequena. O acúmulo dos cargos de presidente do conselho e presidente executivo não é um problema maior, porém mais importante é o acúmulo de poder verificado já que a presidência do CA é, em grande parte, ocupada por familiar do acionista controlador ou por ele próprio. A frequência relevante de presidentes executivos que também são familiares do controlador é outro elemento de concentração de poder. O papel de controle predomina nos CAs estudados, mas o papel de direcionamento também é relevante. O papel de serviço é o menos importante. O papel de controle pode ser enfraquecido nas empresas onde o presidente executivo e o presidente do conselho são familiares dos acionistas controladores. CAs com maiores níveis decisórios estão associados a um número maior de melhores práticas de governança. Os resultados não confirmaram as hipóteses de relação entre os elementos estudados e o papel das empresas listadas brasileiras. A pesquisa traz contribuições práticas aos agentes de mercado, indicando prioridades para a melhoria das práticas do CA e introduzindo não só o conceito de estilo do CA, mas também seu nível decisório. Para a pesquisa acadêmica, contribui-se com a construção de dois indicadores de concentração de poder e de endogenia/exogenia dos CAs que poderão ser utilizados não só em futuras pesquisas, como também pelas empresas. Os papéis do conselho de administração devem ser mais explorados e, já que o entendimento do órgão central do sistema de governança está apenas se iniciando, conclui-se esta dissertação com proposições de caminhos de pesquisa. / This study is the first to describe and to explore the control, guidance (strategy- and policydirecting), and service roles of boards of directors (BoD) and their relevance to the corporate governance system of companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA). It also studies on one side the relationship between the roles of the boards and structure and type of ownership, company size and age, board-level determinants of governance quality and on the other, the role of boards and institutional investor participation, and was also the first study to analyze this. Due to the concentration of the study sample, results are mainly applicable to companies listed on the Novo Mercado or issuing ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange. This quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study used a nonprobabilistic convenience sample of 65 listed companies and 122 executives and board directors. Structural equation modeling was initially employed, but suspicion on its adequacy led to an alternative one, the simultaneous equation model. Because there was an absence of data, a total of 88 observations were used in the statistical model. Boards are mostly dominated by controlling shareholders; participation of independent directors is still below the best practice recommendations levels, and minority shareholder participation is low. The functions of CEO and chairman played by the same person is not a major concern; the power concentration is more important, as boards are often chaired by relatives of controlling shareholders or by controlling shareholders themselves. Another element that concentrates power is the relevant frequency with which controlling shareholders relatives hold CEO positions. In the selected boards, the control role is dominant, with guidance also playing a relevant part; the service role was the least important. The control role may be weakened in companies where CEO and chairmen are from controlling shareholders family. Boards with higher decision-making levels are associated with a higher number of best governance practices. Results did not confirm the hypotheses of a relation between the studied elements and the role of listed Brazilian companies. This dissertation provides practical contributions for market agents, suggesting priorities for the improvement of board practices and introducing the concept of board style and decision-making level. The study also contributes to the academic literature by constructing two indicators concentration of power and board endogeny/exogeny which may be used in future researches and in the corporate environment. The roles of the BoD must be explored further, as we have only just begun to understand this central body of the corporate governance system. This dissertation concludes by proposing several possible research directions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os condicionantes das decisões de investimento das empresas familiares. Para tanto, utilizou-se de um referencial teórico baseado em conceitos como estrutura de propriedade e controle familiar, heterogeneidade das empresas familiares, choques exógenos causados por crises econômicas e situação de restrição financeira. Esses conceitos foram empregues com o propósito de dimensionar seus impactos nas decisões de investimento das empresas familiares listadas em bolsa nos períodos entre 2006-2016. Em termos teóricos, os investimentos foram separados em dois tipos: investimentos em CAPEX e capital circulante líquido. Embora nem todos tenham sido utilizados em todas as fases da pesquisa, esses dois tipos de investimento foram o cerne e a variável dependente da pesquisa. Outras variáveis importantes foram Empresa Familiar, bem como suas outras sete configurações, e as variáveis de interação como idade, grau de maturidade, tamanho, tangibilidade e situação financeira. Outro ponto considerado pela pesquisa foi o impacto do cenário macroeconômico sobre as decisões de investimento. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que as empresas familiares investem menos do que as empresas não familiares em CAPEX, ocorrendo o inverso para o capital circulante líquido. Isso corrobora com as análises teóricas promovidas por Anderson, Duru e Reeb (2012) e Chrisman e Patel (2012) sobre os ideais de autopreservação e aversão ao risco aos quais as empresas familiares estão sujeitas. Quanto aos períodos de choques de liquidez, as empresas familiares apresentaram quedas severas para investimentos em CAPEX e quedas menos acentuadas para o capital circulante líquido. Por fim, em relação à situação de restrição financeira e os resultados financeiros passados evidenciou-se que empresas familiares com maior tangibilidade e com resultados passados positivos investem mais do que as empresas não familiares, o que também está de acordo com a teoria sobre autoconfiança e busca pela perenidade em empresas de controle familiar. / The objective of this study was to answer the following research problem: what are the determinants of the investment decisions of family companies? To do so, the research used a theoretical framework based on concepts such as family ownership and control, the heterogeneity found in the various types of family businesses, exogenous shocks caused by economic crises and the situation of financial constraint of the companies. These concepts were used to understand how each of them impacted the investment decisions of listed companies in the period between 2006-2016. In conceptual terms, the investments were divided into two types: investments in CAPEX and working capital ratios. Although not all were used at all stages of the research, these three types of investment were at the heart and the research-dependent variable. In addition to this variable, other important variables were both the Family Enterprise variable (as well as its other seven configurations) and the variables of interaction with age, maturity level, size, tangibility and financial situation. Another point considered by the research consisted in analyzing how the macroeconomic scenario impacted investment decisions. The results found that family firms invest less than non-family firms (in all configurations) in CAPEX. However, the opposite occurs for the working capital ratios. This corroborates theoretical analyzes promoted by Anderson, Duru and Reeb (2012) and Chrisman and Patel (2012) on the ideals of self-preservation and risk aversion to which family firms are subject to making decisions involving risks and uncertainties. Comparing the results in periods of liquidity shocks, the results of the family companies showed severe declines for investments in CAPEX and less declines in working capital index. Finally, the results found when considering the situation of financial constraint and the past results provided that family companies with greater tangibility and with positive past results invest more than non-family companies, which is also in accordance with the theory on self-preservation and search for perpetuity in family businesses.

Submitted by Tiago Cunha (tiago.sampaio.cunha@gmail.com) on 2012-09-19T21:50:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS INVESTIDORES ESTRANGEIROS NAS COMPANHIAS.pdf: 305107 bytes, checksum: 09a43be24f4fb45fa7dce08eb2a8053b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-09-20T12:26:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS INVESTIDORES ESTRANGEIROS NAS COMPANHIAS.pdf: 305107 bytes, checksum: 09a43be24f4fb45fa7dce08eb2a8053b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-20T13:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E A PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS INVESTIDORES ESTRANGEIROS NAS COMPANHIAS.pdf: 305107 bytes, checksum: 09a43be24f4fb45fa7dce08eb2a8053b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-22 / This paper examines the existence of; if any, aspects of corporate governance that may influence the decision and selection criteria of foreign investors when allocating in Latin American companies. For this purpose, these investors’ holdings were analyzed through the years of 2010 and 2011, for 102 Latin American companies, covering approximately 59% of the total market capitalization in the region. The result points towards an influence of corporate governance characteristics, specifically linked to the ownership structure, to the allocation decision of these foreign investors. The study also complements and tries to update the corporate governance’s discussion in Latin America, adding questions about the representativeness and supervisory empowerment of minority shareholders, and effectiveness’ and transparency of the board of directors. / Este trabalho busca verificar se existem aspectos de governança corporativa que influenciam a decisão de alocação de investimentos dos investidores estrangeiros nas empresas da América Latina e, em caso afirmativo, quais são eles. Para esse propósito, foram observadas as participações desses investidores, em 2010 e 2011, em 102 empresas latino-americanas, contemplando aproximadamente 59% da capitalização total da região em bolsa. Os resultados apontam que a decisão de alocação desses investidores é influenciada por características de governança ligadas especificamente a estrutura de propriedade e controle das empresas. O estudo também complementa e tenta atualizar a discussão sobre governança corporativa para a América Latina ao adicionar questões ligadas à representatividade e ao poder de fiscalização dos acionistas minoritários e à efetividade do conselho de administração.

Submitted by Silvia Molinar de Almeida Braga (silviamolinar@hotmail.com) on 2012-09-27T22:15:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_Dissertacao_SilviaMolinar de Almeida Braga.doc: 364032 bytes, checksum: 10e0cb5b2fb8a4a8391669e307dbddad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-09-28T12:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_Dissertacao_SilviaMolinar de Almeida Braga.doc: 364032 bytes, checksum: 10e0cb5b2fb8a4a8391669e307dbddad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-28T12:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_Dissertacao_SilviaMolinar de Almeida Braga.doc: 364032 bytes, checksum: 10e0cb5b2fb8a4a8391669e307dbddad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-28 / The foreign investment flows have suffered significant changes in the recent years and Brazil has become one of the main destinations for foreign direct investments. This paper aims to analyze multinational companies’ choice of property structure when merging, acquiring or investing directly in their Brazilian subsidiaries, also considering the possibility of financing through the Brazilian development bank (BNDES). The effect of contingencies on the companies’ investment decision was empirically tested for the period between 2005 and 2011. The result suggests that the real options theory would not be confirmed without the BNDES’ financing, especially when considering other contingencies in sectors of big volatility and growth. In other words, companies tend to chose more committed structures in high growth scenarios and less committed strategies when higher demand volatility is observed. / O fluxo de capitais estrangeiros sofreu grandes mudanças nos últimos anos, e o Brasil tornou-se um dos principais destinos dos recursos internacionais para investimento direto. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como as multinacionais escolhem a estrutura de propriedade ao fazerem fusões, aquisições e investimentos diretos em subsidiárias no Brasil diante da existência de financiamento pelo banco de desenvolvimento local (o Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social — BNDES). Testou-se empiricamente o efeito das contingências sobre decisões tomadas pelas empresas no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2011. Os resultados sugerem que a teoria de opções reais não teria sido confirmada se o financiamento pelo BNDES na empresa-alvo não tivesse sido incluído nas interações em cenários de grande volatilidade e crescimento. Em outras palavras, as empresas optam por estruturas que exigem nível mais alto de comprometimento quando estão diante de cenários de alto crescimento e por estratégias que envolvem nível mais baixo de comprometimento quando se observa grande volatilidade de demanda nos mercados estudados.

Submitted by José Marcos Carrera Junior (josemarcoscj@gmail.com) on 2014-01-06T14:16:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado MPA FGV - Jose Marcos Carrera Junior.pdf: 2932357 bytes, checksum: 6408f2d692015e1ef7dfd98c321a4f4f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2014-01-06T14:58:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado MPA FGV - Jose Marcos Carrera Junior.pdf: 2932357 bytes, checksum: 6408f2d692015e1ef7dfd98c321a4f4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-06T15:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado MPA FGV - Jose Marcos Carrera Junior.pdf: 2932357 bytes, checksum: 6408f2d692015e1ef7dfd98c321a4f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04 / A internacionalização é um tema cada vez mais em pauta nas empresas. A teoria existente mostra que há um potencial problema de agência na decisão de internacionalização. Enquanto os executivos, visando maximizar sua utilidade, tendem a buscar um alto grau de internacionalização, os acionistas tendem a ser mais seletivos e criteriosos neste tipo de decisão estratégica. Neste cenário o poder de barganha de cada uma das partes e a liberdade dos administradores para buscar seus interesses será dado em função da concentração de propriedade. Não obstante, fatores institucionais de um mercado emergente também podem afetar características corporativas, e a estrutura de propriedade das firmas é um aspecto que é impactado por tais fatores. Portanto não somente a concentração de propriedade, como também o tipo da mesma pode influenciar o grau de internacionalização das firmas. Consequentemente este trabalho se propõe a examinar a influência que a estrutura de propriedade tem no grau de internacionalização das empresas brasileiras. Através da análise de 184 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto entre 2002 e 2011 concluímos que o problema de agência não foi tão relevante. Além disso, mostramos que empresas familiares e com forte participação do governo via fundos de pensão apresentaram em média um maior grau de internacionalização, o que sugere a importante atuação do governo junto a grupos privados para impulsionar a internacionalização. / Internationalization is a strategic topic that is gaining in importance on the corporate agendas. The existing theory shows that there is a potential agency problem in the decision of internationalization. While executives, wanting to maximize their utility, tend to seek a high degree of internationalization, shareholders, on the other hand, tend to be more selective and conservative in this type of strategic decision. In this scenario the bargaining power of each party and the freedom of the directors to pursue their interests will be given as the function of the ownership concentration. Notwithstanding, institutional factors of an emerging market may also affect corporate characteristics, and the ownership structure of firms is an aspect that is impacted by such factors. Thus not only the ownership concentration, but also, the classification of the ownership structure can influence the degree of internationalization of firms. Therefore this study aims to examine the influence of ownership structure on the degree of internationalization of Brazilian companies. By the analysis of 184 Brazilian public firms between 2002 and 2011, we concluded that the agency problem involving managers and shareholders was not so relevant. Furthermore, we show that family businesses and firms with strong government involvement by means of pension funds had, on average, a higher degree of internationalization, which suggests the important role of the government with respect to stimulating the internationalization of private groups.

La présente étude vise à examiner les facteurs qui déterminent la nomination de femmes au conseil d'administration et à explorer le lien entre la diversité du genre dans le conseil et la performance de l’entreprise. En utilisant des données sur la composition du conseil d'administration et la performance financière des sociétés appartenant à l'indice boursier SBF120 entre 2007 et 2012, nous trouvons que la nomination de femmes administrateurs est fortement associée aux caractéristiques du conseil et à la structure de propriété. En effet, la propriété managériale, la propriété institutionnelle, la propriété familiale, la taille du conseil, et l'indépendance du conseil sont tous fortement corrélés avec la représentation des femmes au sein du conseil d'administration d'une entreprise. En outre, nos résultats montrent que l’impact de la diversité du genre se manifeste dans deux directions contradictoires : elle affecte positivement la performance comptable et influence négativement la performance du marché. Apparemment, les administratrices sont l’objet d’une évaluation biaisée par le marché qui sous-estime leur présence dans les conseils d’administration. Ce qui est encore plus intéressant, c’est que nos analyses montrent une double nature de la représentation des femmes au sein des conseils d’administration des entreprises françaises cotées. Autrement dit, l'effet de la présence de femmes dans le conseil d’administration sur la performance de l’entreprise varie en fonction de l'affiliation des administratrices avec l’actionnaire majoritaire. / The current study aims at examining the factors that determine the appointment of women to the board of directors and at exploring the link between board gender diversity and financial performance. Using data on the board composition and the firm performance of companies belonging to the SBF120 stock market index between 2007 and 2012, we find evidence that the appointment of women directors is strongly associated with ownership structure and board characteristics. Indeed, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership, board size, and board independence are all strongly correlated with the representation of women directors on a firm's board. Furthermore, our results show that the impact of gender diversity manifests in conflicting directions, positively affecting accounting performance and negatively influencing market performance. Apparently, female directors are subject to a biased evaluation by the market, which undervalues their presence on boards. More surprisingly, our analyses show a twofold nature of female representation in the French market. That is, the effect of female directorship on firm performance varies with the affiliation of women on the board.

Le Capital-Investissement et plus particulièrement les opérations de LBO, occupent une place importante dans l'économie mondiale et française. Ce travail de recherche a pour objet l'analyse de l'impact des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la performance opérationnelle et la rentabilité des entreprises françaises sous LBO. Nous présentons ainsi, en premier lieu, dans les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse, une revue complète de la littérature, ainsi que le modèle théorique de l'impact des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la performance opérationnelle et la rentabilité des entreprises sous LBO en privilégiant une approche actionnariale de la gouvernance.Ensuite, dans le cadre des troisième et quatrième chapitres de cette thèse, nous examinons de façon empirique, d'une part, l'impact de la mise en place des opérations de LBO sur la performance opérationnelle des entreprises françaises, et, d'autre part, les effets des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la rentabilité des entreprises françaises sous LBO.Nos résultats confirment en partie les résultats anglo-saxons concernant l'impact positif des opérations de LBO sur la performance de la société cible, ils sont obtenus en effectuant une double analyse comparative : la première en comparant l'évolution de la performance avant et après la mise en place du LBO, et la deuxième en effectuant une comparaison par rapport à un groupe de contrôle composé d'entreprises aux caractéristiques comparables mais qui n'ont pas fait l'objet d'un LBO.Enfin, nous proposons un modèle explicatif des effets des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la rentabilité des entreprises sous LBO. / Private Equity, especially Leverage Buyout activity (LBO), is now an important concern in the world economy and also in France. This kind of investment is an important alternative to capital market.The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of corporate governance and organizational mechanisms on the performance of French firms leveraged buyout.We presented in the first part of this thesis, the first and second chapter of it, the history of the emergence of these investments in the world and especially in France, and an overview of the literature on private equity and leveraged buyouts, focusing on our theoretical framework which is based on corporate governance theories, especially on agency theory and financial performance.Moreover, we discussed the literature about the relation between operating performance, corporate governance and Leverage Buyout. As part of this thesis and in the third and fourth chapters, we proposed an empirical study of the impact of LBO on operating performance.This research also proposes a new approach to the relationship governance-performance by a financial modelling of the relation between corporate governance and performance in the case of leveraged buyout firms in France.This thesis is a contribution to the Leverage Buyout and Private Equity literature from a theoretical and empirical point of view. It also has implications for the managers of private firms.

Les scandales comptables et financiers des années 2000 et l'actualité récente ont montré toute l'importance d'une information fiable délivrée aux actionnaires et les effets très dommageables que peut provoquer le manque de transparence. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le lien entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat et de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de ces deux dimensions de la politique comptable. En ce sens, l’impact de la structure de propriété a été examiné et notamment son effet modérateur dans la relation entre ces dernières. Introduite comme mesure indirecte de la divulgation financière volontaire pour étudier les déterminants de la gestion du résultat, la couverture des analystes financiers est également analysée en tant que variable médiatrice de la relation entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat. En examinant la littérature relative aux déterminants de la politique comptable, et à la lumière de la théorie positive de la comptabilité et de la théorie de l’information, cette thèse propose un cadre d’analyse différent des travaux de recherche menés dans le contexte français. Il est appuyé par une modélisation en Équations Structurelles (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)) et plus précisément par la méthode d’estimation des modèles structurels basée sur la variance (Partial Least Squares (PLS)), très peu utilisée en recherche comptable. / The financial scandals of the last decade and recent headlines have clearly shown the full importance of reliable reporting to shareholders and the very damaging effects that a lack of transparency can have. The objective of this thesis is to study the link between voluntary financial disclosure and earnings management, and contribute to the study of the determinants of these two dimensions of accounting policy. The impact of ownership structure is examined, including its moderating effect on the relationship between voluntary disclosures and earnings management. Analyst coverage is introduced as an indirect measure of voluntary financial disclosures to investigate the determinants of earnings management, and also examined as a mediating variable in the voluntary disclosures-earnings management relationship. By reviewing the literature on the determinants of accounting policy in the light of positive accounting theory and information theory, this thesis proposes a different analytical framework for research in the French context. This framework is underpinned by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and more precisely the variance-based method for estimation of structural models (Partial Least Squares (PLS), which is very rarely used in accounting research.

博士（経済学） / 甲第98号 / xiii, 148p / Hitotsubashi University

[pt] O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar o valor, rentabilidade e dividend yield dos bancos brasileiros e sua relação com a origem do capital do acionista controlador e com a qualidade das práticas de governança. A amostra analisada contém 40 bancos de capital aberto de 1995 a 2013. Foram realizados testes estatísticos e estimados modelos probit e regressões em painel para verificar se existem diferenças significativas entre bancos estatais, estrangeiros e privados nacionais bem como bancos listados no mercado tradicional e no Novo Mercado. Os resultados indicam que existe diferença significativa entre o valor, rentabilidade e dividend yield dos bancos estatais, estrangeiros e privados nacionais. Os bancos privados nacionais possuem maior valor (price-to-book) do que bancos estatais e estrangeiros. Além disso, existe evidência estatística, ainda que fraca, que a rentabilidade e o dividend yield dos bancos estrangeiros são maiores do que dos bancos estatais e privados nacionais. Os bancos com melhores práticas de governança possuem maior rentabilidade, mas os resultados para valor e dividendos não são significativos. Além disso, bancos maiores, mais alavancados e com maior concentração acionária possuem maior price-to-book. Por sua vez, bancos maiores e menos alavancados possuem maior rentabilidade, enquanto bancos menores pagam mais dividendos. / [en] The purpose of this research is to analyze the value, profitability and dividend yield of Brazilian banks and their relation to the origin of controlling shareholder and the quality of governance practices. The sample contains 40 banks from 1995 to 2013. Statistical tests, probit models and panel regressions were run to check for significant differences between state-owned banks, foreign and domestic private banks as well as banks listed on the traditional market and on the Novo Mercado. The results indicate that there is significant difference between the value, profitability and dividend yield of state banks, foreign and domestic private banks. The domestic private banks have higher price-to-book than state and foreign banks. Furthermore, there is statistical evidence, despite weak, that the profitability and dividend yield of foreign banks are higher than those of state and domestic private banks. Moreover, banks with better governance have improved profitability, but the results for value and dividend yield are not significant. In addition, larger banks, with higher leverage and greater ownership concentration have higher price-to-book. Finally, larger and less leveraged banks have increased profitability, while smaller banks pay more dividends.