The purpose of the study is to examine weather the South African print media do pictures crime reporting objective. The aim is also to bring fourth if crime reporting is visualized differently in regional newspapers compared to newspapers in metropolitan areas. Two different qualitative methods have been used; in-depth interviews with South African journalists and text analyses of some of their published articles. Theories as the social responsibility ideology and ethical codes, along with theories about crime in the media context are used in the study. The interviews show professional journalists struggling with the task to give a truthful picture of the crime situation in the country. However, crime reporting in South Africa is still covering crime committed against white people in the rich areas, even though crimes against black people in the townships are more commonly reported on to the police. The high amount of violent crime makes the approach quite sensationalistic, because of the high level of news value. The interviewed journalists’ narrative style is corresponding their expressed way of mediate crime and some tend to be more sensational in their style than others. The relationship between the media and the South African police is considered as quite bad. Especially journalists are affected a small city, because of personal relationships tend to influence the professional behaviour. This is a serious problem and it does affect how the journalists are reporting on crime.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Despite the growing numbers and valuable contributions of older individuals to society, they continue to face negative attitudes towards them. Such attitudes are largely influenced by portrayal of older persons in the media. Understanding how the media portrays older people to the public can provide significant insights into the nature of the images from which older people may make comparisons and which inform the perceptions, opinions, and attitudes of other people. There is little knowledge of perceptions of media portrayal in old age, and this study aimed to obtain insight from the point of view of older people regarding how they are portrayed in the printed media. Qualitative research has been applied to gain insight in the older persons’ perceptions. The case study method was chosen since it allowed the researcher to gain an in–depth understanding of older person’s perceptions regarding how they are portrayed in the media. The participants in this study consisted of nine male and 12 female individuals residing in a residential care facility. Persons between the ages of 60 and 85 were purposively chosen since they can contribute to meaningful insight regarding how they are portrayed in the print media. Data was collected by means of conducting focus group discussions and individual interviews. The use of these methods enabled dynamic interactions resulting in the production of rich, detailed information. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and key–word–in–context analysis. Guidelines to ensure the integrity of the findings have been applied. The findings indicated that older persons perceive their portrayal in the media to be minimal in terms of the exposure that they receive. Older persons feel that on the seldom occasion when they are in the media, they are presented as an isolated population separated from younger persons. The portrayal of older persons in the media is also perceived as stereotypical in the sense that older persons are presented as sick, inactive, weak and fragile. The implications of such portrayal according to older persons are that they influence intergenerational relationships and they also confirm stereotypical assumptions about older persons. Older persons feel that they rather want to be portrayed in terms of the valuable contributions that they are making to all spheres of life, despite old age. The media should thus promote positive ageing, which could contribute to the stimulation and motivation of older persons. Findings of this study also indicate that while older persons enjoy reading magazines and newspapers they are often limited to do so due to financial restrictions and physical limitations such as poor eyesight. The findings of this research of older persons perceptions regarding their portrayal in the media has implications for intergenerational relationships as well as to advertisers and marketers who are looking to appeal to the older population. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Despite the growing numbers and valuable contributions of older individuals to society, they continue to face negative attitudes towards them. Such attitudes are largely influenced by portrayal of older persons in the media. Understanding how the media portrays older people to the public can provide significant insights into the nature of the images from which older people may make comparisons and which inform the perceptions, opinions, and attitudes of other people. There is little knowledge of perceptions of media portrayal in old age, and this study aimed to obtain insight from the point of view of older people regarding how they are portrayed in the printed media. Qualitative research has been applied to gain insight in the older persons’ perceptions. The case study method was chosen since it allowed the researcher to gain an in–depth understanding of older person’s perceptions regarding how they are portrayed in the media. The participants in this study consisted of nine male and 12 female individuals residing in a residential care facility. Persons between the ages of 60 and 85 were purposively chosen since they can contribute to meaningful insight regarding how they are portrayed in the print media. Data was collected by means of conducting focus group discussions and individual interviews. The use of these methods enabled dynamic interactions resulting in the production of rich, detailed information. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and key–word–in–context analysis. Guidelines to ensure the integrity of the findings have been applied. The findings indicated that older persons perceive their portrayal in the media to be minimal in terms of the exposure that they receive. Older persons feel that on the seldom occasion when they are in the media, they are presented as an isolated population separated from younger persons. The portrayal of older persons in the media is also perceived as stereotypical in the sense that older persons are presented as sick, inactive, weak and fragile. The implications of such portrayal according to older persons are that they influence intergenerational relationships and they also confirm stereotypical assumptions about older persons. Older persons feel that they rather want to be portrayed in terms of the valuable contributions that they are making to all spheres of life, despite old age. The media should thus promote positive ageing, which could contribute to the stimulation and motivation of older persons. Findings of this study also indicate that while older persons enjoy reading magazines and newspapers they are often limited to do so due to financial restrictions and physical limitations such as poor eyesight. The findings of this research of older persons perceptions regarding their portrayal in the media has implications for intergenerational relationships as well as to advertisers and marketers who are looking to appeal to the older population. / Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dis tede.pdf: 5792426 bytes, checksum: b90942a01c13b5e8ab57ca11617c026e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has as its main objective to show that several statistical information published in print media (newspapers and magazines) suffer distortions, both technical as well as semantic, whether by lack of knowledge of those who publish, either by intentional manipulation. Through the analysis of cases, seeking to show the misconceptions presented in terms of statistical information. It is intended to build a line of analysis which help to obtain more accurate conclusions on the part of readers / Esta dissertação tem por principal objetivo mostrar que várias informações estatísticas veiculadas na mídia impressa (jornais e revistas) sofrem distorções, tanto do ponto de vista técnico quanto semântico, seja por falta de conhecimento daqueles que as publicam, seja por manipulação intencional. Através da análise de casos, busca-se mostrar os equívocos eventualmente apresentados em termos de informações estatísticas. Intenciona-se dessa maneira, construir uma linha de análise que contribuirá para a obtenção de conclusões mais precisas por parte dos leitores

The purpose of this study is ultimately to analyze the influence of cultural attitudes on the treatment of the Scottish estate in the first half of the 18th century (c.1715 – c.1776), making particular reference to the ideology of improvement, through the use of Sir Archibald Grant of Monymusk as a case study. Grant’s improvement of his estate is not understood as literally agricultural or economic development alone, but as a complex ideological commitment to the transformation of land, landscape and society. Whilst Grant of Monymusk has been discussed with reference to economic improvement, the relationship between his role as a publically acknowledged improver and his patronage of art and architecture, as well as his attempts at publication, has not been subject to similar interest. This thesis uses an innovative interdisciplinary approach which draws on archaeological as well as art historical methodologies. It discusses a wider range of estate commissions, in particular Grant’s patronage of the portrait artists John Smibert and William Robertson, the poet John Ogilvie, his commission of the architectural surveyors Alexander Jaffray and Robert Robinson, as well as his work to construct planned villages at Kirktown of Monymusk and Archiestown. The thesis attempts to place these commissions within the context of recent studies of improvement which emphasize its role as an ideology with cultural implications. The use of an individual case study allows for a more in depth discussion of specific reactions to historical and ideological change, providing a narrative of a specific site and thus creating an individual response towards broader cultural and scientific developments.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_mva_me_bauru.pdf: 17255577 bytes, checksum: 61a089d3f19c67866b9c95f1b3ac0e75 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar criticamente a transposição de um relato de um fato real - o assalto ao trem pagador, ocorrido em 1960, no Rio de Janeiro e publicado pelo jornal O Globo - para o meio audiovisual, por meio da reprodução desse mesmo fato no discurso filmico do filme O assalto ao trem pagador, de 1962, obra cinematográfica que apresenta um releitura do factual com o objetivo de atingir o expectador do meio audiovisual. Tal objetivo foi estabelecido, porque percebemos que o discurso filmico tomou como fonte de informação o discurso jornalístico e constituiu outra versão do factual, que ora se aproxima e ora se afasta desse discurso. Tal versão foi adaptada às suas linguagens como meio audiovisual. Por meio da investigação das ocorrências das similaridades e das disparidades entre os discursos midiáticos e da produção de sentido no público-alvo de cada um desses meios, analisamos as estratégias discursivas que foram utilizadas pelos meios midiáticos para recriar um contexto verossímil com o fato real. Como acreditamos que o discurso jornalístico serviu como fonte de informação para a elaboração do discurso filmico, escolhemos um método que nos possibilitasse definir as semelhanças e diferenças entre esses discursos, portanto, optamos pelo método de análise comparativa. Concluímos, com essa análise, que cada meio utiliza a melhor estratégia discursiva na produção do conteúdo de seus produtos midiáticos, visando conquistar o interesse do seu público-alvo / The aim of this work was to examine the implementation of a report about a fact critically: the robbery to a great payer train, which occurred in Rio de Janeiro (BR) in 1960 and whole news was published by O Globo, a Brazilian newspaper. We research how the factual was narrated buy audiovisual media, through the reproduction of that fact itself into a film discourse. We have found out that O assalto ao Trem Pagador presents a new reading of the facts in order to reach the expectator's audiovisual medium. Our goal was set as soon as it has been realized that the film discourse took the media discourse as a source of information to change the real facts into another version of the events, which now approaches and departs from media discourse. Such version had its newspaper language adapted to the audivisual media. Through the investigation of occurrences, similarities and differences between both media discourse and the meaning generation to the target audience of each means, newspaper and cinema, we have analyzed the discursive strategies that were used by the media means to recreate a believable context with the resemblance to the real fact. As we believe the journalistic discourse has served as a source of information for elaborating the film discourse, we chose a method allow us to define the similarities and differences between these discourses, thus we have opted for a comparative analytical methodology. We have concluded from this analysis that each medium tries to use the best communicative strategy, or strategies, in the production of a discursive content for their media products so that the product can capture the interest of their target audience

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4061.pdf: 1338496 bytes, checksum: 45b86054ef27f974b6833e66ecf6b023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / The interfaces between the fields of Education and Communication are gaining prominence and relevance in recent years, either in everyday practices related to professional performance in both areas or in academic literature. This work is inserted in the effort to understand these interfaces, focusing on the practice of scientific communication, analyzed on the basis of theoretical inputs from the area of Science Education especially those identified with the approaches based on the interrelationships between Science, Technology and Society and understood as a space of complementarity between formal and nonformal education. To achieve its goals, the research analyzes the process of recontextualization and interpretation between the reports published in a weekly magazine of updates named CartaCapital and the resulting texts published in Carta na Escola, a monthly magazine that, from these reports, intends to offer high school teachers subsidies to approach the updates in the classroom. The purpose of this analysis conducted from the perspective of discursive textual analysis was, in general, to enrich the understanding of possible and productive relationships between the fields of Media and Education. In addition, we sought to contribute specifically to the understanding of the limits and potencial of using scientific communication products in science teaching and of the roles that the use of media materials aimed at carrying information on science and technology can play in overcoming challenges related to science teaching approaches guided by the interrelationships between Science, Technology, Society and Environment. The results of this analysis showed the dominant presence of recontextualization processes that aim to offer, within Carta na Escola, coordinated, contextualized and historical approaches to updates reported in CartaCapital in a fragmentary way, using a variety of strategies related to the different roles assigned to updates within the teaching proposals presented for the different knowledge areas in Carta na Escola. Specifically in relation to texts identified with the curriculum area of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and its technologies, the research showed different combinations, in Carta na Escola, of scientific, technological and social dimensions concerning the production of science and technology and also of internalist and externalist approaches of science, indicating the potential use of analysis of these dimensions and approaches in the evaluation and critical reading of science dissemination texts. / As interfaces entre os campos da Educação e da Comunicação vêm ganhando destaque e relevância nos últimos anos, seja nas práticas cotidianas relacionadas à atuação profissional em ambas as áreas, seja na produção acadêmica. O presente trabalho está inserido no esforço de compreensão dessas interfaces, com foco na prática da divulgação científica, analisada a partir de aportes teóricos da área de Ensino de Ciências especialmente aqueles identificados com as abordagens fundadas nas inter-relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e entendida como um espaço de complementaridade entre processos formais e não formais de educação. Para tanto, o trabalho analisa como se dão os processos de recontextualização e interpretação entre as reportagens publicadas em uma revista semanal de atualidades a revista CartaCapital e os textos delas decorrentes publicados em Carta na Escola, revista mensal que, a partir dessas reportagens, propõe-se a oferecer a professores do Ensino Médio subsídios para abordagem das atualidades em sala de aula. O objetivo dessa análise realizada na perspectiva da análise textual discursiva foi, de modo geral, enriquecer a compreensão das relações possíveis e produtivas entre os campos da Comunicação Social e da Educação. Além disso, buscou-se especificamente contribuir para a compreensão dos limites e potencialidades do uso de materiais de divulgação científica no ensino das ciências e dos papéis que o uso de materiais midiáticos voltados à veiculação de informações sobre Ciência e Tecnologia pode exercer na superação de desafios relacionados a abordagens do ensino das ciências pautadas nas inter-relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente. Os resultados da análise empreendida evidenciaram a presença preponderante de processos de recontextualização que visam oferecer, em Carta na Escola, abordagem articulada, contextualizada e histórica às atualidades noticiadas em CartaCapital de forma fragmentada, utilizando para isso uma diversidade de estratégias, relacionadas a diferentes papéis atribuídos às atualidades nas propostas didáticas apresentadas para as diferentes áreas curriculares em Carta na Escola. Em relação especificamente aos textos identificados com a área curricular das Ciências Naturais, Matemática e suas Tecnologias, a pesquisa evidenciou diferentes combinações, nos textos de Carta na Escola, das dimensões científica, tecnológica e social da produção de Ciência e Tecnologia e, também, de abordagens internalistas e externalistas da Ciência, indicando o potencial da utilização da análise dessas dimensões e abordagens na avaliação e leitura crítica de textos de divulgação científica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3797354 bytes, checksum: 95660a5548d1b49c6efb8ac973423d78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / We assume that the Scientific Discourse Divulgation - understood as a set of media information produced in communicative situations, distinct from those established between the scientists and their peers, being, therefore a text reformulated by a journalist, or even a scientist, for a reader who is not an expert in the topic being addressed – should be characterized as multimodal and therefore, we aimed to study it considering the match between the semiotic modes used, whether verbal or non-verbal. So we ask: how is the discourse on science appropriated by the newspapers Estado de Minas and Folha de S. Paulo in the concrete and ideological space of these journals? The meeting of the scientific field in the daily social experience requires an exchange of records and a new discursive relationship between enunciation, enunciatee, and enunciating. From these considerations, the research questions guiding this study are: i) What communication strategies are used in the process of recontextualization of the information published in the section Ciência of Estado de Minas and Folha de S. Paulo? ii) What social meanings are represented in the section Ciência of these two newspapers of national circulation, considering both verbal and non-verbal aspects? iii) How visual representations disseminated in the section Ciência of the studied newspapers can contribute to enlarge the meanings of news stories, whether playing challenging or changing values? Our analysis in relation to the verbal text, from the discursive procedure of expansion, sought to demonstrate how the strategies used to present the scientific knowledge in the print media have contributed or not, to the effective comprehension of the reading audience in relation to the topic publicized. The analysis of the non-verbal aspect performed in our corpus of research revealed that the role of science in these texts is quite focused on an attempt to realize the abstraction that the issues addressed are seen by the reader, through the use of graphics and other images that showed no functions others than illustrative. This way, the newspapers Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo, within a time window selected to this study, are characterized as important media to the study of scientific divulgation in the printed media, emphasizing their value to civil society as well as limitations that still impede effective citizen participation in relation to decisions regarding the dissemination of scientific knowledge in Brazil. / Partimos do pressuposto de que o discurso de Divulgação Científica – entendido como o conjunto de informações midiáticas que são produzidas em situações comunicativas distintas das estabelecidas entre os cientistas e seus pares, sendo, pois, um texto reformulado por um jornalista, ou mesmo por um cientista, para um leitor não especializado no assunto que está sendo tratado – deve ser caracterizado como multimodal e, por isso, objetivamos estudá-lo considerando a conjugação entre os modos semióticos utilizados, sejam verbais ou não-verbais. Assim, questionamos: como o discurso sobre ciência é apropriado pelos jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo no espaço concreto e ideológico desses periódicos? O encontro do âmbito científico com a experiência social cotidiana obriga uma troca de registros e uma nova relação discursiva entre enunciado, enunciatário e enunciador. A partir dessas considerações, as perguntas de pesquisa que norteiam este estudo são: i) Que estratégias divulgativas são utilizadas no processo de recontextualização das informações publicadas na seção Ciência dos jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo?; ii) Que significados sociais são representados na estrutura da seção Ciência desses dois jornais de grande circulação nacional, considerando-se tanto os aspectos verbais como os não-verbais?; iii) De que forma as representações visuais veiculadas na seção Ciência dos jornais analisados podem contribuir para ampliar os significados das notícias divulgadas, seja reproduzindo, contestando ou transformando valores? Nossa análise em relação ao texto verbal, a partir do procedimento discursivo de expansão, procurou demonstrar como as estratégias divulgativas utilizadas para apresentar o conhecimento científico na mídia impressa contribuíram, ou não, para a efetiva compreensão do público leitor em relação ao assunto divulgado. A análise do aspecto não verbal realizada em nosso corpus de pesquisa revelou que a representação da ciência nesses textos está bastante voltada para uma tentativa de se concretizar a abstração com que as temáticas tratadas são vistas pelo leitor, por meio da utilização de infográficos e outras imagens que não apresentaram funções apenas ilustrativas. Assim, os jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo, dentro do recorte temporal selecionado para esta pesquisa, caracterizam-se como veículos de comunicação importantes para o estudo da divulgação científica na mídia impressa, revelando seu valor para a sociedade civil, bem como suas limitações que ainda impedem uma efetiva participação cidadã no que concerne às decisões tomadas em relação à divulgação do conhecimento científico no Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCSCS.pdf: 1239912 bytes, checksum: e9dadace97c6294129284d37e25aca2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-13 / This thesis is the result of an extensive research on print media discourse on the inclusion of disabled people in society. Articles published in the newspapers Di?rio de Natal/O Poti and Tribuna do Norte from 1992 to 2002 have been analyzed. Beginning with the very same questions that moved Moscovici (1978) in his classic study La Psychalyse son image et son public , according to which the media play a predominant role in the formation and propagation of social representations as well as in the construction of human behaviors, we have chosen this mass media as our investigation field. Understanding the importance of the communication theory, we intend to associate it to the social representation theory, since communication, as an aspiration, relates to the fundamentals of all humanity (WOLTON, 2004, p. 56). Moreover, means of communication represent an important space for symbolic production and representational process, allowing the analysis of the circulating discourses on social inclusion and disability. Based on these questions, we have determined social representations present in print media on the subject to be our study object. This objective was elected due to the fact that the thematic of disability and inclusion is scarcely and sporadically found in journalistic speech. The research questions have been: which is the representation of disabled people s condition in print media? What changes have occurred during the analyzed period and which was the role played by print media in this process? The research corpus was composed of newspaper articles about various aspects concerning disability and of free word association by reporters. We have analysed: 1) graphical language promoted by the picture of the substances propagated in the period from 1992 a 2002; 2) free word association experiments carried out with reporters of both newspapers; and 3) texts published from 1996 to 1997 using the high-tech program ALCESTE (Contextual Lexical Analysis of a Set of Segments of Texts). The results revealed that the print media in Natal/RN refer to the topic in a discontinuous way, and depend on specific events to highlight disabled people s fight for their rights. Social inclusion is still a great challenge for these people in all levels. We believe that this incapacity to overcome all kinds of obstacles is established in a dialectic relation between society and the media: society remains silent (the manifestation of interest for the cause only attracts some people s or groups attention) and the media, which selects which information is to be broadcasted, gives no evidence to the issue. This representation may be noticed in the infrequency in which articles about the subject are published, as well as in the emphasis to sports, a more important issue for the media. An implication of this study is that a new perspective is opened for analysis and reflection: the Paralympics games as both an inclusive and a segregating social phenomenon. It would be beautiful to have all of us together! / Esta tese ? o resultado de uma exaustiva pesquisa sobre o discurso circulante veiculado na m?dia impressa no per?odo de 1992 a 2002 nos jornais Di?rio de Natal/ O Poti e Tribuna do Norte, sobre a inclus?o das pessoas com defici?ncia. A partir dos questionamentos que moveram Moscovici (1978) na sua cl?ssica obra La Psychalyse son image et son public de que a m?dia tem papel preponderante na forma??o e veicula??o das representa??es sociais e na edifica??o de condutas humanas, elegemos esse meio midi?tico como campo investigativo. Compreendendo a import?ncia da teoria da comunica??o, buscamos fazer sua articula??o com as representa??es sociais, uma vez que a comunica??o, como aspira??o, remete ao fundamento de toda a humanidade (WOLTON, 2004, p. 56), e ainda a comunica??o representa um espa?o importante de produ??o simb?lica e de processo representacional para an?lise dos discursos circulantes sobre inclus?o e defici?ncia. Baseada nestas quest?es, determinamos nosso objetivo de conhecer as representa??es sociais compartilhadas na m?dia impressa sobre o assunto. Este objetivo foi constru?do em face da tem?tica da defici?ncia e inclus?o ser um discurso jornal?stico escasso e espor?dico. As quest?es de pesquisa foram: qual a representa??o sobre a situa??o das pessoas com defici?ncia, no meio de comunica??o m?dia impressa? Que altera??es ocorreram no per?odo analisado e qual o papel da m?dia impressa neste processo? O corpus da pesquisa foi constitu?do de mat?rias jornal?sticas sobre a quest?o da defici?ncia, em seus v?rios aspectos e de associa??o livre de palavras com jornalistas. As an?lises foram: 1) a linguagem gr?fica proporcionada pelo quadro das mat?rias veiculadas no per?odo; 2) a associa??o livre de palavras aplicada com os jornalistas dos dois jornais; e 3) os textos dos anos de 1996 e 1997 pelo programa informatizado ALCESTE (An?lise Lexical Contextual de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Textos). Os resultados revelaram que a m?dia impressa de Natal/RN apresenta a quest?o de forma descont?nua e que depende de eventos espec?ficos para dar visibilidade ? luta das pessoas com defici?ncia em rela??o aos seus direitos. A inclus?o ? ainda um grande desafio para essas pessoas em todos os n?veis. Consideramos que a incapacidade de romper obst?culos de toda ordem e natureza se estabelece numa rela??o dial?tica entre a sociedade e a m?dia: a sociedade silencia (a manifesta??o de interesse pela causa s? atrai aten??o de algumas pessoas ou grupos) e a m?dia que intermedia as informa??es geradas nas pr?ticas dos acontecimentos sociais, n?o d? visibilidade ? quest?o. Essa representa??o revela-se na aus?ncia de regularidade de mat?rias alusivas ao assunto, bem como na alus?o preferencial ao esporte, uma dimens?o valorizada pelas m?dias. Uma implica??o desse estudo ? a abertura de uma nova vis?o para an?lise e reflex?o, qual seja: as paraolimp?adas enquanto fen?meno social de segrega??o e inclus?o. Belo seria estarmos juntos!