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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
401

Skolkuratorers arbete och yrkesroll : En kvalitativ studie om skolkuratorers upplevelser och uppfattningar av skolans elevhälsoarbete utifrån sin yrkesroll / School Counselors' Work and Professional Role : A qualitative study of school counselors' experiences and perceptions of school pupil health work based on their professional role

Ek, Micael, Shatri, Kushtrim January 2018 (has links)
Over the last few decades there has been a significant increase when it comes to mental ill health amongst Swedish schoolchildren. The school counselor has a crucial role both when it comes to detecting and to deal with these social problems. But according to recent studies the school counselors’ profession seems to lack a universal-based defined job description which has led to a decreased autonomy as well as legitimacy-related issues. This made us ask ourselves if the school counselors’ competence is used to its full potential. The overarching purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how school social workers experience and perceive health-promoting work based on their professional role. The specific aims were to answer the following questions: How do school teachers experience health promotion at school? How does the school counselor perceive their professional role? Our method in order to collect our empirical data was to through semistructured interviews with six school counselors in Sweden. To help increase the understanding of our data we used profession-theory and also role-theory. The summarized findings are that the school counselors are a part of a group created to support the schoolchildren’s health. This group is heavily affected by the school organization’s resource assets and the school counselors’ perception is that there aren’t enough time nor enough professionals working with school-based health-promotion compared to the amount of students attending the school. We also found that the school counselors have different room, a different degree of autonomy, in order to influence the structure of the health-promoting work at school. Our conclusion is that this difference seems to depend on the principal as well as on the type of employment the school counselor has. The externally employed school counselor experienced much more autonomy compared to the internal employees. Furthermore, the school principal is proven to have a strong impact on the school counselors’ professional role and the school counselors have experienced legitimacy-related issues towards certain teachers due to their undefined job description.
402

Psicologia: formação e exercício profissional em Angola

Francisco, João Manuel Saveia Daniel 22 October 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-17T12:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE João Manuel Saveia Daniel Francisco.pdf: 1955377 bytes, checksum: 6fd9833e45f348af33ecf09f91fd50b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2014-02-03T14:27:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE João Manuel Saveia Daniel Francisco.pdf: 1955377 bytes, checksum: 6fd9833e45f348af33ecf09f91fd50b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-03T14:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE João Manuel Saveia Daniel Francisco.pdf: 1955377 bytes, checksum: 6fd9833e45f348af33ecf09f91fd50b6 (MD5) / INABE / Em Angola o surgimento da Psicologia é recente. Os primeiros cursos surgiram há treze anos. Considerando esse cenário, esta pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que mapear o campo profissional da Psicologia é condição básica para identificar problemas, discutir questões e prospectar cenários que possam conduzir a um crescente reconhecimento do papel social que a Psicologia, como ciência e profissão, cumpre em Angola. A pesquisa partiu do seguinte questionamento: como se estrutura o exercício profissional e o processo de formação do psicólogo em Angola? Para responder à questão, foi desenvolvido um estudo com o objetivo de descrever a dinâmica da profissão de psicólogo em Angola, caracterizando seu exercício e construindo um quadro atualizado da sua formação acadêmica e complementar. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três estudos articulados, no período de Janeiro a Agosto de 2012, sendo que cada estudo teve características metodológicas próprias. O primeiro descreveu as bases históricas do processo de profissionalização da Psicologia em Angola, o segundo analisou o processo de formação do psicólogo em Angola e o terceiro abordou três temáticas: inserção dos psicólogos no mercado de trabalho, competências profissionais e estratégias de qualificação e requalificação e vínculos com a profissão e área de atuação. Nessa última temática, foi pesquisada a escolha profissional dos psicólogos e o valor social atribuído à profissão e o comprometimento dos psicólogos com a profissão e área de atuação. Constatou-se que a profissionalização da Psicologia é um percurso ainda em construção, com vários desafios, dentre eles a despartidarização da profissão, a criação de uma entidade que congregue os profissionais e que regule a profissão e a “demarcação das águas” entre o exercício profissional do psicólogo e o do profissional formado em Ciências da Educação. Quanto à formação em Psicologia, verifica-se uma expansão de cursos, mas sem a necessária qualidade de formação. Por outro lado, a profissão apresenta muitas fragilidades, a saber: alto índice de desemprego, como reflexo da pouca oferta de trabalho e do descompasso entre habilidades e demandas do mercado; fraco investimento dos profissionais em qualificação profissional; baixa remuneração; inserção em várias organizações, comprometendo a qualidade do trabalho; e o foco em atividades consideradas tradicionais. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de competências e estratégias de qualificação, a pesquisa mostrou que competências críticas para a inserção do psicólogo no trabalho não têm recebido a devida atenção durante a formação, nem têm sido buscadas por um bom número de profissionais em outras formas de qualificação. Quanto à escolha da profissão, os resultados somam-se aos demais estudos a respeito, ao se constatar que os psicólogos escolhem esse campo de atuação de forma livre, guiando-se pela vocação, habilidades e interesses. Quanto ao comprometimento com a profissão, verificou-se que os psicólogos estão comprometidos com a profissão, sendo que a base afetiva é mais elevada que a base calculativa, tanto no comprometimento com a profissão quanto com a área de atuação. Outro aspecto relevante é o fato de os que exercem a profissão estarem mais fortemente comprometidos e, entre eles, a intensidade do vínculo ser maior no grupo que atua exclusivamente no campo da Psicologia. Em relação ao valor social atribuído à profissão, a pesquisa mostrou que os profissionais percebem a profissão com uma imagem positiva, apesar de considerarem ser mal remunerada. Finalmente, a pesquisa constatou que a maior parte dos psicólogos não pretende abandonar a profissão nem a área de atuação. In Angola the emergence of psychology is recent. The first courses were taught thirteen years ago. Thinking about this scenario, this research assumed that map the professional field of Psychology is a basic condition to identify problems, discuss issues and exploring scenarios that could lead to a growing recognition of the social role of Psychology as a science and profession, in Angola. The research started from the following question: how is structured the professional and the formation process of the psychologist in Angola? To answer the question, the study was conducted in order to describe the dynamics of the psychologist profession in Angola, by describing its activity and create an updated picture of its’ academic and complementary education. The research was conducted in three studies articulated in the period between January and August 2012, in which each study had their specific methodological characteristics. The first study described the historical bases of the process of professionalization of psychology in Angola, the second analyzed the process of training of psychologists in Angola and the third addressed three themes: integration of psychologists in the labor market, skills and strategies for training and retraining and links with the profession and area of expertise. In this last theme was researched the choice of professional psychologists and social value attributed to the profession and commitment of the psychologists to the profession and area of expertise. It was found that the professionalization of psychology is a route under construction, with several challenges, among them to limit the political parties’ influence, the creation of an entity that brings the professionals together and that regulates the profession and distinguish between the activities of professional psychologist and professional graduated in Education Science. As for the degree in psychology, there is an expansion of courses, but without the necessary quality training. In the other hand, the profession has many weaknesses, namely: high unemployment, reflecting on the low labor supply and the mismatch between skills and market demand; weak investment from professionals in professional training; low pay; inclusion in various organizations compromising the quality of work; and focus on activities considered traditional. With regard to skills development and training strategies, research has shown that critical skills required for psychologist to enter in the workplace have not been receiving the proper attention during training; neither are been pursued by a significant number of professionals in other forms of qualification. As for the choice of the profession, the results add to the others on the point, to note that psychologists choose this field of work freely, guided by vocation, ability and interests. As for the commitment to the profession, it was verified that psychologists are committed to the profession, being the affective basis higher than the continuance base, both in commitment to the profession and with the area of expertise. Another relevant aspect is the fact that those who practice the profession are strongly committed, among these, the intensity of the bond is greater in the group that operates exclusively in the field of Psychology. Regarding to social values attributed to the profession, research has shown that professionals perceive the profession has having a positive image, although they consider to be underpaid. Finally, the survey found that most psychologists do not intend to leave the profession or area of expertise.
403

L'innovation comme levier de la performance durable dans la profession comptable libérale en France / Innovation as a lever for sustainable performance in the french accounting profession

Blum, Brigitte 10 September 2015 (has links)
La profession comptable libérale, caractérisée pendant longtemps par des évolutions relativement lentes, est confrontée à des défis stratégiques majeurs pour aligner durablement sa performance sur les réalités et les mutations de l'environnement. Dans ce contexte, la profession comptable se doit d'anticiper, de réfléchir aux futurs souhaitables pour ne plus subir les événements en adoptant une logique entrepreneuriale. Pour préparer les cabinets de demain, l'innovation est un facteur clé pour consolider, voire améliorer leur performance sur le long terme. La présente thèse étudie la contribution de l'innovation, menée dans le cadre d'une démarche prospective stratégique, à la performance durable de la profession comptable. Combinant une phase qualitative (notre expérience professionnelle en cabinets comptables de 1991 à 2009) et une phase quantitative basée sur un questionnaire de recherche (146 répondants), la thèse met en évidence l'existence de nombreuses innovations et leur impact sur quatre dimensions de la performance durable dans les cabinets comptables en France. / Accounting profession characterized for a long time by relatively slow changes is facing major strategic challenges to sustainably align its performance on the realities and changing environment. In this context, the accounting profession has to anticipate, think about the desirable future and not to suffer any more the events. Therefore, it must adopt an entrepreneurial logic. To prepare the firms of tomorrow, innovation is a key factor to consolidate or improve their performance on the long term. This thesis examines the contribution of innovation, conducted as part of a strategic prospective approach to sustainable performance of the liberal accounting profession. Combining qualitative phase (our experience in several accounting firms from 1991 to 2009) and a quantitative phase based on a research questionnaire (146 respondents), the thesis highlights the existence of numerous innovations and their influence on the sustainable performance in French accounting firms.
404

Tillhandahållande av olika rådgivningstjänster i revisorns föränderliga yrkesroll : en kvalitativ studie av revisorers uppfattningar på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer / Provision of various advisory services in the auditor’s changing role : a qualitative study of auditors’ perceptions at small and medium-sized audit firms

Mattisson, Andreas, Lu, Kwok January 2018 (has links)
EU:s revisionspaket begränsar kraftigt revisorernas möjlighet att tillhandahålla non-audit services (NAS) gentemot företag av allmänt intresse. Revisorer på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer påverkas dock inte av reglerna, varför det är intressant att studera hur dessa hanterar vilka tjänster man ska tillhandahålla och hur det påverkar revisorns roll.   Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur revisorn, på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer, hanterar olika rådgivningstjänster och det relaterade oberoendehotet i sin roll som konsult, som ett led i att försöka erhålla en förståelse för hur revisorn uppfattar växlingen mellan sin roll som revisor och den allt mer förestående konsultrollen. Studien baseras på kvalitativ forskning, för att försöka förstå och tolka revisorns upplevelser, varför intervjuer genomförts med sex kvalificerade revisorer.    Studiens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att revisorerna har svårt att definiera vilka tjänster som är revisionsnära och vilka som är av mer fristående karaktär. Revisorn måste tillhandahålla rådgivning för att upprätthålla revisionen, varför rådgivningstjänsterna kan betraktas som en integrerad del av revisorns tjänster. Revisorn tvingas i viss mån att växla mellan sin roll som revisor och konsult, till följd av att klienterna har höga förväntningar på rådgivning, medan revisionens övriga intressenter förväntar sig att klientföretagen kontrolleras genom en oberoende granskning. I slutändan anser respondenterna ändå sig vara revisorer även i utförandet av konsulttjänster. / The audit rules adopted by the EU strongly limit the auditors’ ability to provide non-audit services (NAS) to audit clients of public interest. Auditors in small and medium-sized audit firms are not affected by those rules. Therefore, it is interesting to study how they handle which services to provide and how it affects the auditor's role.   The purpose of the study is to investigate how auditors of small and medium-sized audit firms manage various advisory services and the related threat to independence in the role of consultant. Consequently, the study also seeks to gain an understanding of how the auditors perceive the issue of having to shift between the role as auditor and the increasingly imminent role as consultant. The study is based on qualitative research, in order to understand and interpret the auditor's experiences, which is why interviews were conducted with six auditors.   The main conclusions of the study are that the auditors have difficulty defining which services are audit-related and which are less audit-related. The auditor must provide advice to maintain the audit. Advisory services can therefore be regarded as an integral part of the auditor's services. The auditor is forced to shift between the roles of auditor and consultant, as a result of the clients’ high expectations for advisory services. This is in contradiction with the audit's other stakeholders’ expectations for the companies to be checked through an independent examination. However, the respondents still consider themselves to be auditors even in the performance of consulting services.
405

Karriären inom revisionsbranschen : vem är det som lyckas att bli partner i en stor revisionsbyrå? En kvalitativ analys av individens kulturella kapital och habitus. / The career in the Audit Industry : who is successful in becoming a partner in a large auditing firm? A qualitative analysis of the individual's cultural capital and habitus.

Shabani, Ardita, Josef, Jasmin January 2018 (has links)
De stora revisionsbyråerna kännetecknas av strikt hierarki med en tydlig karriärstege. Att bli partner i en stor revisionsbyrå innebär att nå den högsta positionen inom byrån och bli en del av firman. Av de hundratals ekonomer som börjar sin karriär i någon av de stora revisionsbyråerna är det ungefär bara var tionde person som blir partner. Syftet med studien är att skapa en djupare förståelse för vem det är som lyckas att bli partner och vad som krävs för att bli utvald. Syftet är även att förstå vilken roll det kulturella kapitalet och habitus har för en individs möjligheter att lyckas bli partner i en stor revisionsbyrå.   I studien har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt använts för att få en djupgående förståelse om vem det är som blir partner och uppfylla studiens syfte. Vi har genomfört åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer varav tre manager och fem partners. I studien har professionsteorin och organisationsteorin till största del använts som en bakgrundsbeskrivning. Studiens största fokus ligger dock på Bourdieus teori om det kulturella kapitalet och habitus.   Slutligen kom vi fram till att den som lyckas bli partner är den som har förmågan att driva firman framåt och generera intäkter till firman. Det är därför viktigt att vara marknadsorienterad och tycka om att göra affärer. / The largest auditing firms are characterized by strict hierarchy with a career ladder. Becoming a partner in a large auditing firm means reaching the highest position within the firm and becoming a part of the firm. Of the hundreds of economists who start their career in one of the large auditing firms, it's only about one of ten who become partners. The purpose of the study is to create a deeper understanding of who makes partner in a large auditing firm and what it takes to be chosen. The purpose is also to understand the role of cultural capital and habitus for an individual's ability to succeed in becoming a partner in a large auditing firm.   In the study, a qualitative approach has been used to gain a deeper understanding of who makes partner in a large auditing firm and to fulfill the purpose of the study. In the study eight semi-structured interviews were conducted, including three managers and five partners. Both profession theory and organizational theory has been used mostly as a background description. The main focus of the study is Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital and habitus.   Finally, we found that the one who makes partner is the one who has the ability to run the company and generate revenue for the company. It is therefore important to be market-oriented and to like doing business.
406

Om manualbaserade behandlingsprogram i Kriminalvården : En kvalitativ studie om programledares förhållningssätt och syn på behandlingsprogrammen / About manualbased treatment programs in the Swedish Probation Service : A qualitative study on professionals approach and view on the treatment programs

Eriksson, Felicia, Fredriksson, Petra January 2018 (has links)
The purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of professionals view on manualbased treatment programs in pratice. In addition, we also want to highlight their approaches to the manualbased treatment programs in their work. The study is based on eight qualitative interviews with professionals working in the Swedish Probation Service. In this study we used three theoretical frameworks in order to analyze the result. The theories we used were profession, organization professionalism and occupational professionalism, and tacit knowledge as we supplemented with the concept naiva theory. The result showed that the manualbased treatment programs were designed in different ways. It became clear that the different manualbased treatment programs influenced the professioneals view on the advantages and disadvantages that they could identify in working with these programs. Furthermore, it also became clear that their use of different strategies also was influenced by the design of the programs.
407

Förtroendet för revisorer : En kvantitativ studie om faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende för revisorer / Trust of auditors : A quantitative study about factors affecting large companies' trust of auditors

Jönsson, Josefin, Lahger, Linda January 2018 (has links)
The audit industry is not any industry; it is crucial to all business activities. However, the trust of the auditors has been questioned following the noted corporate scandals which revealed financial crime and accounting fraud. Since the scandals affected large companies the most, and that large companies have auditing obligations, it is important to investigate how the trust of auditors appears in this group. The purpose of the study is therefore to explore factors that affect large firm's trust in auditors. The study is however limited to only investigate this nationally. Based on previous research, it can be assumed that the auditor's competence, independence, confidentiality and laws and norms affect the large companies’ trust. The four factors constitute the study's independent variables and thus the developed model. To empirically test the model, a web-based survey has been conducted, resulting in 78 answers. All independent variables proved to be positively significant, which means that there is a statistically positive connection between each independent variable and the dependent variable trust. The conclusion of the study is therefor that large companies have greater trust for an auditor who has good competence, acts independently, maintains the confidentiality and follow laws and norms of the audit industry. Since we investigated factors that affect large firm's trust, it would be interesting to read a comparative analysis of factors affecting the trust of small, medium and large companies. Another interesting study would be to investigate how the auditor agencies market to reach both existing and potential clients. / Revisionsbranschen är inte vilken bransch som helst, den är nämligen avgörande för all näringsverksamhet. Däremot har förtroendet för revisorerna ifrågasatts efter de uppmärksammade företagsskandalerna som innebar att ekonomisk brottslighet och redovisningsfusk avslöjades. Då skandalerna berörde stora företag mest samt att stora företag har revisionsplikt, är det av betydelse att undersöka hur förtroendet för revisorerna ser ut i denna grupp. Studiens syfte är därför att utforska faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende för revisorer. Dock avgränsas studien till att enbart undersöka förtroendet för revisorer nationellt. Utifrån tidigare forskning kan det antas att revisorns kompetens, oberoende, tystnadsplikt samt lagar och normer påverkar de stora företagens förtroende. De fyra faktorerna utgör således studiens oberoende variabler och därmed utvecklade modell. För att empiriskt testa modellen har en webbaserad enkätundersökning genomförts, vilket resulterade i 78 fullständiga svar. Samtliga oberoende variabler visade sig vara positivt signifikanta, vilket tyder på att det finns ett statistiskt positivt samband mellan varje oberoende variabel och den beroende variabeln förtroende. Studiens slutsats är således att stora företag har högre förtroende för en revisor som har god kompetens, agerar oberoende, upprätthåller tystnadsplikten samt följer revisionsbranschens lagar och normer. Då vi undersökt faktorer som påverkar stora företags förtroende, hade det varit intressant att läsa en jämförande analys gällande faktorer som påverkar små, medelstora och stora företags förtroende. En annan intressant studie hade varit en undersökning om hur revisionsbyråer marknadsför sig för att nå både befintliga och potentiella klienter.
408

A política de valorização e de profissionalização dos professores da educação básica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (1995-2006): convergências e divergências / The policy of valorization and professionalization of teachers of basic education of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (1995-2006): convergences and divergences

Mello, Elena Maria Billig January 2010 (has links)
A presente pesquisa investigou o sentido e as “forças” políticas da política de valorização e profissionalização dos professores públicos estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram mapeadas as políticas educacionais de três governos estaduais: governo Britto (1995/1998), governo Olívio (1999/2002) e governo Rigotto (2003/2006), sob o olhar de diferentes atores institucionais: secretários estaduais de educação, conselheiros estaduais de educação, formadores de docentes, representantes do sindicato de professores, representante da associação de professores e professores estaduais. Este trabalho investigativo é de caráter descritivo-interpretativo, com abordagem qualitativa. Como suporte teórico-metodológico, utilizei o Ciclo de Políticas proposto por Ball e seus colaboradores (1992), apresentado em três etapas interligadas: etapa da influência da política, etapa da produção da política e etapa dos efeitos da política. Foram escolhidas quatro categorias investigativas: política educacional, valorização profissional, profissionalização dos professores, formação acadêmico-profissional. Na etapa da influência da política, apresento instrumentos conceituais e composições no território da gestão da educação internacional e nacional, que interferiram na proposição e/ou efetivação da política na área educacional; na etapa da produção da política, é evidenciado o ordenamento da valorização, profissionalização e formação dos professores em âmbitos nacional e estadual; e, na etapa dos efeitos da política, com o (entre)cruzamento dos olhares dos diferentes atores, desafiei-me a discutir as divergências e convergências que se fizeram presentes. Com base na orientação conceitual-analítica (SANDER, 2007), composta por quatro modelos de gestão da educação, concedidos à luz dos critérios de desempenho administrativo, respectivamente: eficiência econômica, eficácia pedagógica, efetividade política, relevância cultural; complementado pelo paradigma multidimensional democrático, foi possível explicitar um mapeamento das “forças” políticas que se fizeram presentes na política educacional de valorização e profissionalização dos professores estaduais do RS, no período de 1995 a 2006. Pude constatar que foram períodos inconstantes, que receberam influências da política internacional indiretamente e/ou diretamente do contexto neoliberal vivenciado pela política nacional. Assim, parte-se de um contexto de regulação do Estado, evidenciando a efetividade política e a eficiência econômica, complementadas pela eficácia pedagógica, sob uma gestão democrática representativa; passa-se ao contexto da regulamentação do Estado, em que a efetividade política e a relevância cultural são destacadas, complementadas pela eficácia pedagógica e pela eficiência econômica, constituindo, assim, a multidimensionalidade da gestão democrática; e, por último, chega-se ao contexto da desregulação do Estado, em que a eficiência econômica é evidenciada, complementada pela eficácia pedagógica, com ausência da efetividade política e da relevância cultural, indícios da gestão gerencialista. A política educacional investigada apresentou uma descontinuidade administrativa: passou de uma fase de estabilidade ao constituído para uma fase de mudança constituinte e retrocedeu a uma fase do “não-constituído”. As policies educacionais estiveram engendradas às politics, sob a influência de ideologias político-partidárias, movimentos do sindicato da categoria, imposições dos contextos nacional e internacional, crise socioeconômica. Isso evidenciado em graus de influência maiores ou menores dependendo da organização da polity nas diferentes gestões governamentais. / This research investigated the meaning and the political “forces” of the valorization and professionalization policy of the state public school teachers of Rio Grande do Sul. Were mapped the education policies of three governments: government Britto (1995/1998), government Olívio (1999/2002) and government Rigotto (2003/2006), from the perspective of different institutional actors: state secretaries of education, counselors of education, teacher trainers, representatives of the teachers union, representing of teachers' association and state teachers. This investigative work has a descriptive-interpretive character, with qualitative approach. As theoretical-methodological support, I used the Policy Cycle proposed by Ball e cols. (1992), presented in three interrelated stages: stage of policy's influence, stage of policy‟s production and stage of policy's effect. Four investigative categories were chosen: educational policy, professional appreciation, teacher professionalization, academic and professional training. In the phase of policy influence, I present conceptual instruments and compositions in the dominion of international and national education management, that interfere in the proposition and/or realization of policy in education area; in the policy production stage, is evidenced in the planning of valorization, professionalization and teachers‟ formation in national and state areas; and, in step of the policy's effects, with the (among)crossing of the eyes of different actors, challenged me to discuss the differences and similarities that were present. Based on the conceptual-analytical orientation (SANDER, 2007), consists of four models of education management, granted under the criteria of administrative performance, namely: economic efficiency, educational effectiveness, political effectiveness, cultural relevance; supplemented by a multidimensional democratic paradigm, it was possible to clarify a mapping of the "strength" policies that were present in the educational policy of RS state teachers' valorization and professionalization, from 1995 to 2006. I found that were unstable periods, which were influenced by international policy indirectly and/or directly from the neoliberal context, experienced by national policy. So, starts of a context of government regulation, showing the policy effectiveness and the economic efficiency, complemented by pedagogic effective, under a representative democratic management; go to the context of State regulation, in which the policy effectiveness and cultural relevance are highlighted, complemented by the pedagogic effectiveness and economic efficiency, thus constituting the multidimensional aspect of democratic management; and, finally, arrives at the context of the state deregulation, where economic efficiency is demonstrated, complemented by pedagogic effective, with the absence of policy effective and cultural relevance, evidence of the managerial management. The educational policy investigated showed a lack of administrative continuity: increase from one phase of stability up to a phase of constituent change and back to a phase of “non-constituent”. The educational policies were engendered to the politics, under the influence of political-party ideologies, movements of the labor union, charges of national and international context, socioeconomic crisis. This is evidenced in degrees of influence larger or smaller depending on the organization of the polity in the different government administrations. / La presente pesquisa investigó el sentido y las "fuerzas” políticas de la política de valoración y profesionalización de los profesores públicos estatales en Rio Grande do Sul. Fueron mapeadas las políticas educativas de tres gobiernos estatales: el gobierno Britto (1995/1998), el gobierno Olívio (1999/2002) y el gobierno Rigotto (2003/2006), desde la perspectiva de diferentes actores institucionales: secretarios estatales de educación, consejeros estatales, formadores de docentes, representantes del sindicato de maestros, representante de la asociación de profesores y maestros del estado. Esta investigación tiene un carácter descriptivo-interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo. Como apoyo teórico-metodológico fue utilizado el Ciclo de la Política propuesta por Ball y sus colaboradores (1992), presentando tres etapas relacionadas entre sí: la etapa de influencia política, la etapa de la producción de la política y la etapa de los efectos de la política. Fueron elejidas quatro categorías de investigación: política educativa, valoración profesional, formación docente, formación académica-profesional. En la etapa de influencia de la política, se presentan instrumentos conceptuales y composiciones dentro del terreno de la gestión de la educación internacional y nacional que interfirieron con la propuesta y/o efectivación de la política en el area educacional; en la etapa de la producción de la política se evidencia la organización legal de la valorización, profesionalización y capacitación de los maestros a nível nacional y estadual; y, en la etapa de los efectos de la política, con el (entre)cruzamiento de las visiones de diferentes actores, me desafié a discutir las diferencias y similitudes que estaban presentes. Basándose en la orientación conceptual de análisis (SANDER, 2007), compuesta por cuatro modelos de gestión de la educación, concebidos bajo la luz de los criterios de desempeño administrativo, respectivamente: eficiencia económica, la eficacia pedagógica, la efectividad política, la relevancia cultural, complementado por el paradigma democrático multidimensional fue posible diseñar un mapa de las "fuerzas" políticas que estaban presentes en la política educacional de valoración y profesionalización de los profesores estatales de RS, en el período de 1995 a 2006. Constaté que fueron períodos inconstantes, que recibieron influencias de la política internacional indirecta y/o directamente en el contexto neoliberal experimentado por la política nacional. Así, se inicia un marco de regulación del gobierno del Estado, verificando la efectividad política y la eficiencia económica, complementadas por la eficacia pedagógica, bajo una democracia representativa; se pasa al contexto de reglamentación del Estado, en que la efetividade política e la relevancia cultural son destacadas, complementadas por la eficacia pedagógica y por la eficiencia economica, constituyendo el aspecto multidimensional de la gestión democrática; y, finalmente, se llega al contexto de la desreglamentación del Estado, donde la eficiencia económica es verificada, complementada por la eficacia pedagógica, con la falta de la efetividade política y de la relevancia cultural, indícios de una gestión gerencialista. La política educacional investigada presentó descontinuidad administrativa: pasando de la fase de estabilidad “constituida” para una fase de cambio “constituyente” y retrocedió a una fase del “no-constituido”. Las policies educativas fueron engendradas en las polics, bajo la influencia de las ideologías político-partidarias, los movimientos de los sindicatos de la categoria, imposiciones de los contextos nacional e internacional, la crisis socioeconómica. Esto se evidencia en grados de influencia mayor o menor dependiendo de la organización de la polity en las diferentes administraciones gubernamentales.
409

A política de valorização e de profissionalização dos professores da educação básica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (1995-2006): convergências e divergências / The policy of valorization and professionalization of teachers of basic education of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (1995-2006): convergences and divergences

Mello, Elena Maria Billig January 2010 (has links)
A presente pesquisa investigou o sentido e as “forças” políticas da política de valorização e profissionalização dos professores públicos estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram mapeadas as políticas educacionais de três governos estaduais: governo Britto (1995/1998), governo Olívio (1999/2002) e governo Rigotto (2003/2006), sob o olhar de diferentes atores institucionais: secretários estaduais de educação, conselheiros estaduais de educação, formadores de docentes, representantes do sindicato de professores, representante da associação de professores e professores estaduais. Este trabalho investigativo é de caráter descritivo-interpretativo, com abordagem qualitativa. Como suporte teórico-metodológico, utilizei o Ciclo de Políticas proposto por Ball e seus colaboradores (1992), apresentado em três etapas interligadas: etapa da influência da política, etapa da produção da política e etapa dos efeitos da política. Foram escolhidas quatro categorias investigativas: política educacional, valorização profissional, profissionalização dos professores, formação acadêmico-profissional. Na etapa da influência da política, apresento instrumentos conceituais e composições no território da gestão da educação internacional e nacional, que interferiram na proposição e/ou efetivação da política na área educacional; na etapa da produção da política, é evidenciado o ordenamento da valorização, profissionalização e formação dos professores em âmbitos nacional e estadual; e, na etapa dos efeitos da política, com o (entre)cruzamento dos olhares dos diferentes atores, desafiei-me a discutir as divergências e convergências que se fizeram presentes. Com base na orientação conceitual-analítica (SANDER, 2007), composta por quatro modelos de gestão da educação, concedidos à luz dos critérios de desempenho administrativo, respectivamente: eficiência econômica, eficácia pedagógica, efetividade política, relevância cultural; complementado pelo paradigma multidimensional democrático, foi possível explicitar um mapeamento das “forças” políticas que se fizeram presentes na política educacional de valorização e profissionalização dos professores estaduais do RS, no período de 1995 a 2006. Pude constatar que foram períodos inconstantes, que receberam influências da política internacional indiretamente e/ou diretamente do contexto neoliberal vivenciado pela política nacional. Assim, parte-se de um contexto de regulação do Estado, evidenciando a efetividade política e a eficiência econômica, complementadas pela eficácia pedagógica, sob uma gestão democrática representativa; passa-se ao contexto da regulamentação do Estado, em que a efetividade política e a relevância cultural são destacadas, complementadas pela eficácia pedagógica e pela eficiência econômica, constituindo, assim, a multidimensionalidade da gestão democrática; e, por último, chega-se ao contexto da desregulação do Estado, em que a eficiência econômica é evidenciada, complementada pela eficácia pedagógica, com ausência da efetividade política e da relevância cultural, indícios da gestão gerencialista. A política educacional investigada apresentou uma descontinuidade administrativa: passou de uma fase de estabilidade ao constituído para uma fase de mudança constituinte e retrocedeu a uma fase do “não-constituído”. As policies educacionais estiveram engendradas às politics, sob a influência de ideologias político-partidárias, movimentos do sindicato da categoria, imposições dos contextos nacional e internacional, crise socioeconômica. Isso evidenciado em graus de influência maiores ou menores dependendo da organização da polity nas diferentes gestões governamentais. / This research investigated the meaning and the political “forces” of the valorization and professionalization policy of the state public school teachers of Rio Grande do Sul. Were mapped the education policies of three governments: government Britto (1995/1998), government Olívio (1999/2002) and government Rigotto (2003/2006), from the perspective of different institutional actors: state secretaries of education, counselors of education, teacher trainers, representatives of the teachers union, representing of teachers' association and state teachers. This investigative work has a descriptive-interpretive character, with qualitative approach. As theoretical-methodological support, I used the Policy Cycle proposed by Ball e cols. (1992), presented in three interrelated stages: stage of policy's influence, stage of policy‟s production and stage of policy's effect. Four investigative categories were chosen: educational policy, professional appreciation, teacher professionalization, academic and professional training. In the phase of policy influence, I present conceptual instruments and compositions in the dominion of international and national education management, that interfere in the proposition and/or realization of policy in education area; in the policy production stage, is evidenced in the planning of valorization, professionalization and teachers‟ formation in national and state areas; and, in step of the policy's effects, with the (among)crossing of the eyes of different actors, challenged me to discuss the differences and similarities that were present. Based on the conceptual-analytical orientation (SANDER, 2007), consists of four models of education management, granted under the criteria of administrative performance, namely: economic efficiency, educational effectiveness, political effectiveness, cultural relevance; supplemented by a multidimensional democratic paradigm, it was possible to clarify a mapping of the "strength" policies that were present in the educational policy of RS state teachers' valorization and professionalization, from 1995 to 2006. I found that were unstable periods, which were influenced by international policy indirectly and/or directly from the neoliberal context, experienced by national policy. So, starts of a context of government regulation, showing the policy effectiveness and the economic efficiency, complemented by pedagogic effective, under a representative democratic management; go to the context of State regulation, in which the policy effectiveness and cultural relevance are highlighted, complemented by the pedagogic effectiveness and economic efficiency, thus constituting the multidimensional aspect of democratic management; and, finally, arrives at the context of the state deregulation, where economic efficiency is demonstrated, complemented by pedagogic effective, with the absence of policy effective and cultural relevance, evidence of the managerial management. The educational policy investigated showed a lack of administrative continuity: increase from one phase of stability up to a phase of constituent change and back to a phase of “non-constituent”. The educational policies were engendered to the politics, under the influence of political-party ideologies, movements of the labor union, charges of national and international context, socioeconomic crisis. This is evidenced in degrees of influence larger or smaller depending on the organization of the polity in the different government administrations. / La presente pesquisa investigó el sentido y las "fuerzas” políticas de la política de valoración y profesionalización de los profesores públicos estatales en Rio Grande do Sul. Fueron mapeadas las políticas educativas de tres gobiernos estatales: el gobierno Britto (1995/1998), el gobierno Olívio (1999/2002) y el gobierno Rigotto (2003/2006), desde la perspectiva de diferentes actores institucionales: secretarios estatales de educación, consejeros estatales, formadores de docentes, representantes del sindicato de maestros, representante de la asociación de profesores y maestros del estado. Esta investigación tiene un carácter descriptivo-interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo. Como apoyo teórico-metodológico fue utilizado el Ciclo de la Política propuesta por Ball y sus colaboradores (1992), presentando tres etapas relacionadas entre sí: la etapa de influencia política, la etapa de la producción de la política y la etapa de los efectos de la política. Fueron elejidas quatro categorías de investigación: política educativa, valoración profesional, formación docente, formación académica-profesional. En la etapa de influencia de la política, se presentan instrumentos conceptuales y composiciones dentro del terreno de la gestión de la educación internacional y nacional que interfirieron con la propuesta y/o efectivación de la política en el area educacional; en la etapa de la producción de la política se evidencia la organización legal de la valorización, profesionalización y capacitación de los maestros a nível nacional y estadual; y, en la etapa de los efectos de la política, con el (entre)cruzamiento de las visiones de diferentes actores, me desafié a discutir las diferencias y similitudes que estaban presentes. Basándose en la orientación conceptual de análisis (SANDER, 2007), compuesta por cuatro modelos de gestión de la educación, concebidos bajo la luz de los criterios de desempeño administrativo, respectivamente: eficiencia económica, la eficacia pedagógica, la efectividad política, la relevancia cultural, complementado por el paradigma democrático multidimensional fue posible diseñar un mapa de las "fuerzas" políticas que estaban presentes en la política educacional de valoración y profesionalización de los profesores estatales de RS, en el período de 1995 a 2006. Constaté que fueron períodos inconstantes, que recibieron influencias de la política internacional indirecta y/o directamente en el contexto neoliberal experimentado por la política nacional. Así, se inicia un marco de regulación del gobierno del Estado, verificando la efectividad política y la eficiencia económica, complementadas por la eficacia pedagógica, bajo una democracia representativa; se pasa al contexto de reglamentación del Estado, en que la efetividade política e la relevancia cultural son destacadas, complementadas por la eficacia pedagógica y por la eficiencia economica, constituyendo el aspecto multidimensional de la gestión democrática; y, finalmente, se llega al contexto de la desreglamentación del Estado, donde la eficiencia económica es verificada, complementada por la eficacia pedagógica, con la falta de la efetividade política y de la relevancia cultural, indícios de una gestión gerencialista. La política educacional investigada presentó descontinuidad administrativa: pasando de la fase de estabilidad “constituida” para una fase de cambio “constituyente” y retrocedió a una fase del “no-constituido”. Las policies educativas fueron engendradas en las polics, bajo la influencia de las ideologías político-partidarias, los movimientos de los sindicatos de la categoria, imposiciones de los contextos nacional e internacional, la crisis socioeconómica. Esto se evidencia en grados de influencia mayor o menor dependiendo de la organización de la polity en las diferentes administraciones gubernamentales.
410

Du travail sur l'identité aux identités du travail : stratégies et types de négociation identitaire chez les éducateurs spécialisés d'Ille et Vilaine / From work on identity to identities at work : strategies and types of identity-based negotiation observed among the Special Education Teachers of Ille-et-Vilaine

Lecaplain, Patrick 18 June 2012 (has links)
L'éducation spécialisée est traversée, depuis une dizaine d'années, par de profondes mutations institutionnelles. Les éducateurs spécialisés, qui en sont des acteurs parmi d'autres, ont tendance à leur imputer les effets de la « crise identitaire » qui gagnerait leur profession. Nous démontrons, pour notre part, que celle-ci est surtout la résurgence d'une disjonction originelle entre leur identité pour soi et leur identité pour autrui. Plus qu'une déprofessionnalisation, nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle les éducateurs spécialisés, sous l'effet des changements à l'œuvre, sont confrontés aux limites de leur professionnalisation historiquement inachevée. Nous montrons ainsi que nos enquêtés jouent de leur autonomie, se saisissant des opportunités offertes par ces mutations institutionnelles, pour réduire les brouillages originels de leur identité sociale et professionnelle. Il reste que l'enjeu identitaire n'est pas un objet de négociation ordinaire puisqu'il engage des conceptions professionnelles, la perception de son utilité sociale et, plus fondamentalement encore, l'image de soi. Présentant les caractéristiques majeures de l'éducation spécialisée et des mutations systémiques en cours, nous exposons, dans notre première partie, les fondements de notre problématique de recherche. Dans la seconde, nous dévoilons les dynamiques de négociation institutionnelles et organisationnelles dans lesquelles sont engagés nos interviewés au sein de leurs établissements ou services. Enfin, dans notre troisième partie, nous démontrons que les dynamiques identitaires de nos enquêtés participent de la recomposition des pratiques et de la profession d'éducateur spécialisé elle-même. / In the last ten years, the field of special education has undergone profound institutional changes. The special education teachers, who are among the actors of this field, would tend to attribute the effects of the « identity crisis » that could be encroaching on their profession to these changes. We shall demonstrate that this crisis is essentially the re-emergence of what is first a disjunction between their personal identity and their virtual identity. In our thesis, we shall defend the idea that, rather than a de-professionalization, special education teachers, under the influence of on-going changes, are confronted with the limitations of their historically incomplete professionalization. We shall thus show that our interviewees use their personal autonomy to seize opportunities proffered by these institutional changes, to reduce the gap between their personal and virtual identity. Nevertheless, identity is not a matter of ordinary negotiation as it involves professional conceptions, perception of one's social utility, and even more fundamentally, one's self-image. With an introduction to the main features of the field of special education and the on-going system changes, we shall outline the basis of our research analysis in the first part. In the second part, we shall reveal the dynamics of institutional and organisational negotiation that our interviewees are involved in, in their respective institutions or service centres. Finally in our third part, we shall show that the identity-based dynamics of our interviewees play a role in reconstructing practices and the job of special education teacher itself.

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