This thesis is a study of proverbs and their use in dialogue. Proverbs have a long history but have not been the subject of much linguistic research in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine how proverbs are used, who uses them and to what extent they are used. The focus is on the communicative functions of the proverb and on how information is disseminated through proverbs. The theoretical basis of the study is systemic-functional linguistics and its view of language use, with focus on the interpersonal metafunction. A qualitative analysis has been performed using the principles and perspectives of conversation analysis. The source material consists of 45 Swedish plays published between 1700 and 2000, which form part of the corpus Svensk dramadialog (Swedish drama dialogue). Proverbs are used among other things to argue, criticise, comment, comfort, defend, object or explain. Their use varies over time in terms of frequency as well as to which speech functions are expressed, but they are predominantly used in much the same way today as 300 years ago. The results of the study show a clear decline in use over time in the number of proverbs in the material. They are used most frequently in the 18th century to argue and object, while in the 20th century they tend to be used to criticise. Their most common function in all periods is to comment. Older people use proverbs in speech more than younger people, and there is a frequent tendency for proverbs to be aimed at other people of the same generation. Equally as many women as men use proverbs in speech in relation to their speaking space in the corpus. Proverbs are frequently multifunctional and act as a linguistic resource in the dialogue.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-16T11:56:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu Castelo Vieira dos Paxe.pdf: 3080748 bytes, checksum: 5a882d79c0c3fc7df61fc5d3c39b6acf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T11:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu Castelo Vieira dos Paxe.pdf: 3080748 bytes, checksum: 5a882d79c0c3fc7df61fc5d3c39b6acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / This research proposes to investigate the translations between textualities of the proverb from the Angolan and African contexts and discourses that these ones cross: from a model of experimentation of avant-garde art that mix between chromaticism and sounds to the graphicvisual forms. In the corpus are listed bases of these textualities of three regions: the pot script, mats, in Cabinda, northern Angola; the sand on drawings or lusona, and rock art in Lunda, east of Angola; the dances of shepherds in the southern region of Angola. These cases are analyzed from the perspective of cultural miscegenation, of baroque cultures mechanisms in Africa and how assumptions of border cultures. The narratives in vehicles of different media are examined taking for granted the assumption the hypothesis that the images and textualities are constantly created, recreated and updated by each other, with this vehicle to take up the role of traditional artistic forms with intersecting forms. As Amalio Pinheiro, this circularity is treated by zigzags in reframing of cultural elements, being Africa the place of miscegenation and intersecting par excellence. Investigate these media-art procedures noncanonical from primitive realities also means understanding the processes of abstraction and migration of things in relation nature-human-culture-city, it sets the fictionalization of the life and textualization of quotidian elements. Ana Hatherly speaks of the need to reconnection between people and the tradition, which it can be dynamic. To some extent, these media practices carried out by the proverb suggests to reformulate the social reality with reallocations and changes of power in a spectacular way and into the fantastic and fable by the hypertext formation, which is dynamic and has several meanings. The role of the media has proved preponderant as a guide for these elaborations. But it is precisely from there that the problem this study arose: what are the translations undertaken for the media used by the proverb also converted on the way to the various textualities? This work is linked to the study of culture and media environments and their methodology is based on immersion in printed and oral literature through collected documents and meetings with popular storytellers and professionals who are involved in this important episode of the culture. This research revealed the expanded notion of proverb in the cultural tissue / Esta pesquisa propõe-se a investigar as traduções entre as textualidades do provérbio a partir dos contextos angolano e africano e os discursos que a essas atravessam: de um modelo das experimentações das vanguardas artísticas que mesclam entre cromatismos e sonoridades às formas gráfico-visuais. No corpus estão elencadas bases destas textualidades de três regiões: os testos de panela, as esteiras, em Cabinda, norte de Angola; os desenhos sobre areia, ou lusona, e artes rupestres, na Lunda, leste de Angola; as danças de pastores, na região sul de Angola. Estes casos são analisados sob a perspectiva da mestiçagem cultural, dos mecanismos barroquizantes da cultura em África e como pressupostos das culturas das bordas. As narrativas em veículos de diferentes mídias são examinadas tendo como pressupostos a hipótese de que as imagens e textualidades são constantemente criadas, recriadas e atualizadas umas pelas outras, com esse veículo a ocupar o papel das tradicionais modalidades artísticas com formas entrecruzadas. Como diz Amálio Pinheiro, essa circularidade é tratada por ziguezagues na ressignificação dos elementos da cultura, sendo a África também o lugar de mestiçagens e dos entrelaçamentos por excelência. Investigar esses procedimentos midiáticoartísticos não canônicos a partir das realidades primitivas significa também compreender os processos de abstração e migração das coisas na relação natureza-homem-cultura-cidade, isso configura a ficcionalização da vida e a textualização dos elementos do cotidiano. Ana Hatherly fala da necessidade de reatar com a tradição no que ela pode ter de dinâmica. Em alguma medida, essas práticas mediáticas realizadas pelo provérbio sugerem a reelaboração da realidade social com realocações e trocas de poder, de uma maneira espetacular e adentrando pelo fantástico pelo fabulatório na formação de hipertexto vivo e plurissignificante. O papel das mídias revelou-se preponderante como roteiro para essas elaborações. Mas é justamente daí que surgiu o problema deste estudo: quais são as operações de tradução empreendidas para que as mídias usadas pelo provérbio se convertam também em caminho para as várias textualidades. Este trabalho está vinculado aos estudos sobre cultura e ambientes midiáticos e sua metodologia se apoia na imersão em literatura impressa e oral, por meio de documentos recolhidos e de encontros com narradores populares e com profissionais que se ocupam deste importante capítulo da cultura. A pesquisa revelou a noção expandida do provérbio no tecido da cultura

This diploma thesis focuses on teaching phrasemes in Czech language lessons in elementary schools especially in 7th grade. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical one and research. The main goal of the theoretical part is to present the basic overview of phraseology as a linguistic discipline and didactic games as activating methods of education. The empirical part describes the creation and usage of didactical tools for teaching phrasemes and also summarizes the results of a survey.

Many thinkers argue that major differences among languages lead to major differences in experience and thought. Each speech community possibly embodies a distinct world view. The purpose of this study was to explore, through the use of proverbs, the relationship between acculturation and world views among monolingual and bilingual Chinese, with proficiency in Chinese and/or English used a proxy for level of acculturation. Data were collected through questionnaires and qualitative interviews regarding attitudes to English and Chinese proverbs. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS and modified grounded theory methodology. The statistical and qualitative findings contradicted each other: the former found a significant effect for monolingual English speakers, while the latter indicated much more mixed responses with no clear patterns related to language. Implications of findings were discussed and a “global view” was proposed to take the place of a culturally-based world view.

No description available.

Orientador: Claudia Maria Xatara / Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino / Banca: Waldenice Cano / Resumo: Esse trabalho visou selecionar e analisar os provérbios da língua portuguesa referentes aos sete pecados capitais, apresentados em seis obras paremiológicas e contextualizados por meio de pesquisa em bases textuais informatizadas. Se o provérbio é uma unidade fraseológica que expressa uma sabedoria popular ao retratar as tradições de um povo, e o pecado, fruto de convenções sociais e religiosas, acreditamos que conhecer esse tipo de criação proverbial possibilite avaliar os valores que a sociedade brasileira realmente confere aos mais importantes desvios de conduta social condenados pela Igreja. Nesse intuito de abordar as características dos provérbios e a temática do pecado, procuramos: 1) inventariar os provérbios em língua portuguesa do Brasil, referentes ao tema escolhido; 2) atestar os provérbios em corpora para verificar sua freqüência na língua; e 3) analisar, por meio do uso de contextos com provérbios, os valores atribuídos aos sete pecados capitais pela sociedade brasileira. Para a atestação de cada um dos provérbios inventariados, consultamos fontes primárias de pesquisa: duas bases textuais informatizadas, a web e o corpus do Laboratório Lingüístico da UNESP de Araraquara. Enfim, além de nos aventurarmos numa proposta de definição de provérbio, concluimos quais provérbios relativos aos sete pecados são realmente freqüentes, verificamos para que fins os provérbios de cada pecado são utilizados e chegamos aos valores que a sociedade atribui a cada um dos sete pecados por meio de contextos em que ocorrem os provérbios. / Abstract: This research was carried out to select and analyze the proverbs in Portuguese related to the seven capital vices, presented in six books on the subject of proverbs. The proverbs were put into context by means of computer textual database research. A proverb is a phraseologic unit that expresses popular wisdom and represents the traditions of a people, while the sin, is a consequence of social and religious conventions. We believe that knowing this kind of linguistic construction, enable us to appraise the values that the Brazilian society coveys to the most important deviations from the Church doctrine. In orde to approach the characteristics of the proverbs and the theme of the sin, we proceded to: 1) make a list of proverbs in Brazilian Portuguese, related to the chosen theme; 2) confirm the presence of these proverbs in corpora to verify their frequency in the language and 3) analyse, by means of textual database research, the values assigned to the seven capital vices by the Brazilian society. Moreover, we consulted primary research sources to verify the listed proverbs: two computer textual database, the web and the corpus from the Laboratório Lingüístico' UNESP/Araraquara. Thus, apart from venturing in a proposition to define proverb, we also enumerated which of them, related to the seven capital vices, are frequently used. Finally, we verified the usage and the social value of these proverbs by means of context. / Mestre

Orientador: Sirio Possenti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gatti_MarcioAntonio_M.pdf: 1621335 bytes, checksum: 2ab9c357cd53734b768b5e4b01d36eaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende analisar certas características de alguns enunciados humorísticos peculiares, os comumente chamados provérbios alterados. Situando-se na perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso francesa, discute-se, primeiramente, a descrição do próprio provérbio nessa perspectiva teórica, enfatizando a problemática da alteridade. Demonstra-se também que alguns conceitos dessa teoria, como o de interdiscurso, revelamse operantes para a análise do funcionamento discursivo e humorístico dos provérbios alterados. Da mesma forma, ao discutir uma aparente tensão entre o antigo e o recente (entre proverbial e não proverbial), a análise de certos dados revela que, em boa medida, os discursos veiculados pelos provérbios alterados são provenientes do próprio universo humorístico. Assim, são levantadas hipóteses - a partir dessa constatação de que o discurso dos provérbios alterados depende de um interdiscurso - sobre o surgimento, a circulação e a manutenção de estereótipos no discurso humorístico. Este trabalho ainda se propõe a analisar textos em que há veiculação de algum desses enunciados, a fim de que se possa observar se, assim como o provérbio, a sua enunciação incide no texto como uma voz de autoridade, além de analisar, no texto, se há manutenção de uma suposta inocência notada em alguns enunciados alterados. Percebe-se, no entanto, que tanto a autoridade quanto a inocência não dependem apenas da veiculação de um provérbio alterado, mas de outros aspectos, como a cena de enunciação e o gênero do discurso / Abstract: This research intends to examine certain characteristics of some listed peculiar humorous, commonly known changed proverbs. This text is based on the theoretical perspective of the French discourse analysis. First it discusses the description of the proverb in this theoretical perspective, emphasizing the issue of alterity. It also shows that some concepts of the theory, such as interdiscourse, appeared to be working for the analysis of the functioning of discourse and humorous of changed proverbs. Similarly, to discuss an apparent tension between the old and recent (between proverbial and non proverbial), the analysis of some data shows that, in good measure, the discourses are served by changed proverbs from the own universe humorous. So chances are raised - from this finding that the speech of proverbs changed depends on a interdiscourse - on appearance, the movement and keep the stereotypes in the humorous discourse. This research also is proposing to examine texts that are serving in some of those listed, 80 that we can observe whether, as the proverb, their enunciation focuses on the text as a voice of authority, and examine, in the text, if it keeps a purported innocence noted in some listed changed. See, however, that both the authority and innocence does not depend only on the delivery of a proverb changed, but in other aspects, such as the scene of enunciation and the genre of discourse / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Пословицы о еде, подобно ветви пословичных выражений, содержат знания и культуру, касающиеся различных аспектов пищи и напитков. Как гласит старая поговорка: " 民以食为天 /Хлеб всему голова". Еда, как неотъемлемая часть жизни людей, взаимозависима и развивается вместе, поскольку сегодня страны и народы взаимодействуют все чаще и чаще. Количество и разнообразие русских и китайских пословиц о еде огромно, данная диссертация опирается на теории лингвистической культуры и культуры питания, чтобы собрать, классифицировать и упорядочить пословицы на основе предыдущих исследований, сравнивая и интерпретируя их с точки зрения категорий еды, пищевых обычаев и концепций еды. В работе анализируются поверхностные культурные различия между китайской и русской кухней, а также исследуются более глубокие культурные причины этих поверхностных культурных различий от поверхности к внутреннему содержанию, от которых зависит их перевод и правильное восприятие с учетом национальных и культурных особенностей. Работа состоит из следующих разделов: Введение. Глава 1 Теоретические основы перевода пословиц и поговорок России и Китая Глава 2 Перевод русских и китайских пословиц и поговорок, связанных с культурой питания. Заключение. Список литературы. Приложения, в которых представлен перевод русских пословиц на китайский язык и перевод китайских пословиц на русский язык. / Proverbs about food, as a branch of proverbs, contain knowledge and culture about many aspects of eating and drinking. As the old saying goes: "民以食为天 /bread is the head". Food, as an integral part of people's lives, is interdependent and evolves together as countries and peoples interact more and more today. The number and variety of Russian and Chinese proverbs about food is enormous, this dissertation draws on theories of linguistic culture and food culture to collect, classify and organize proverbs based on previous research, comparing and interpreting them in terms of food categories, food customs and food concepts. The paper analyzes the superficial cultural differences between Chinese and Russian food and explores the deeper cultural reasons for these superficial cultural differences from the surface to the inner content. The paper consists of the following sections: Introduction. Chapter 1 Theoretical basis of translation of proverbs and sayings of Russia and China Chapter 2 Translation of Russian and Chinese proverbs and sayings related to food culture. Conclusion. List of references. Appendices, which present the translation of Russian proverbs into Chinese and the translation of Chinese proverbs into Russian.

Le proverbe est un matériau linguistique fréquemment employé mais qui, aujourd’hui encore, soulève de vifs débats. Notre thèse a donc pour vocation d’étudier les caractères principaux de ce type de phrase pour en dégager les caractéristiques essentielles. Ainsi, nous analyserons des éléments d’ordre purement formel mais aussi des éléments liés à la nature de ce matériau. De plus, certaines questions fondamentales sont soulevées par l’existence de formes dérivées de proverbes, à savoir les variantes et les proverbes détournés. Que dire de ces phrases ? Remettent-elles en question le caractère figé du proverbe ? Enfin, nous analyserons le sens du proverbe. En effet, il est parfois malaisé de comprendre le lien entre ce que déclare explicitement le proverbe et le sens qui lui est attaché. Nos réflexions poseront donc une définition argumentée du proverbe qui servira de base à l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire thématique bilingue espagnol-français sur le thème de l’argent. / Proverb is frequently used as a linguistically material that, still nowadays, raises lively discussions. Therefore, our thesis has for goal to study main characteristics of this kind of sentence in order to extract fundamental particularities. Thus, we are going to analyse purely formal elements as well as linked elements to it’s nature. In addition to this, some fundamental questions arise due to revised proverbs existence like “variants” and “deviated proverbs”. What can we say about these sentences? Do they modify proverbs’ formal structure? At last, we shall analyse proverb’s meaning because sometimes it is not obvious to understand the link between it’s literal sense and it’s meaning. Our reflections have to argue proverb’s meaning through a definition we will use in order to elaborate a bilingual French-Spanish dictionary whose theme will be money.

Depuis la traduction grecque des Septante, le livre biblique Michlé est traduit par « Livre des Proverbes ». Or, dans la tradition herméneutique juive, la signification correcte n’est pas « proverbes » mais « paraboles ». Ce choix de signification modifie le contenu de l’ensemble du livre, puisqu’il invite à lire et à interpréter ses assertions dans un tout autre horizon que la perspective reçue depuis la Septante. Il fallait donc traduire le texte hébraïque de Michlé sur de nouvelles bases, en suivant l’herméneutique talmudique et midrachique, reprise et développée à l’époque médiévale par les commentateurs, les philosophes et les grammairiens juifs. Nous proposons ainsi une traduction nouvelle, accompagnée de commentaires et de notes philologiques qui explorent « les » sens du texte hébreu en fonction de ses strates métaphoriques et allégoriques, et en déploient le contenu. Cette traduction est précédée d’une longue introduction qui permet de comprendre les prémisses de l’herméneutique juive ; et s’efforce de déchiffrer les processus littéraires et historiques qui en empêchent l’accès, et engendrent les malentendus dont Michlé est un exemple crucial. Il importait encore de faire le point sur l’état actuel de la traduction des textes bibliques, tant du point de vue des travaux réalisés en France que du point de vue des impératifs internes de la tradition hébraïque. Une part importante de l’introduction est donc aussi consacrée aux problèmes méthodologiques particuliers à la traduction des écrits bibliques ; et à l’esquisse d’une démarche dont la traduction de Michlé est la mise en pratique. / Since the Greek Septuagint, the biblical book Mishlei is translated "Book of Proverbs". But in the Jewish hermeneutic tradition, the correct translation is "parables". This new meaning changes the meaning of the whole book. It was therefore necessary to translate the Hebrew text of Mishlei on a new basis, following the Talmudic and midrashic hermeneutics, extended and developed in medieval times by commentators, philosophers and Jewish grammarians. Thus, we propose a new translation, with commentary and philological notes that explore the meanings of the Hebrew text including its metaphorical and allegorical layers. This translation is preceded by a long introduction devoted to locate the premises of Jewish hermeneutics, and to understand the literary and historical proces that prevent access, and create misunderstandings which Mishlei is a crucial example. An important part of the introduction is also devoted to methodological problems of translation of biblical writings.