Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) qui recouvrent l’ensemble des outils et techniques résultant de la convergence des télécommunications ont révolutionné les comportements et les habitudes des consommateurs. Si ces technologies ne se limitent pas au réseau internet c’est la montée d’internet qui a renouvelé la problématique de la protection du consommateur. En réponse, le législateur ivoirien a, à travers la loi de 2016 relative à la consommation, essayé de s’arrimer aux standards internationaux relatifs à la protection du consommateur. Le nouveau dispositif adopté s’ajoute au droit positif ivoirien et au cadre législatif communautaire (UEMOA et CEDEAO). Cependant, le système se révèle insuffisant et, à certains égards, inadapté à la protection du consommateur, notamment dans l’hypothèse d’une vente conclue par le canal des TIC. Ces insuffisances s’observent au moment de la formation et de l’exécution du contrat de vente. Dans ce contexte, le cadre législatif français qui étend ses sources dans le droit communautaire européen peut, à bien d’égards, inspirer le législateur ivoirien. Il ne s’agit pas de transposer intégralement ce système en droit ivoirien. En effet, à l’épreuve des TIC, la protection du consommateur passe par la recherche de nouveaux points d’équilibre entre le consommateur et le professionnel. / Information and communication technologies (ICTs), which encompass all the tools and techniques resulting from the convergence of telecommunications, have revolutionized the behavior and habits of consumers. These technologies are not limited to the Internet, the rise of which has renewed the problem of consumer protection. In response, the Ivorian legislator, through the 2016 law on consumption, tried to be consistent with international standards relating to consumer protection. The new mechanism adopted is in addition to current Ivorian law and the Community legislative framework (UEMOA and ECOWAS). However, the system is proving insufficient and, in some respects, unsuitable for consumer protection, especially in the event of a sale through the ICT channel. These deficiencies occur at the time of the formation and enforcement of the sales contract. In this context, the French legislative framework that extends its sources in European Community law can, in many ways, inspire the Ivorian legislator. It does not entail the total transposition of the French system into the Ivorian law. Actually, with the new challenges of ICTs, the protection of the consumer can only be guaranteed by the search for equilibrium between the consumer and the professional.

Submitted by FABIANA DA SILVA FRANÇA (fabiana21franca@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T14:51:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 1913228 bytes, checksum: 97e50809ea2bd1beeb3332072e5a58fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T14:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 1913228 bytes, checksum: 97e50809ea2bd1beeb3332072e5a58fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / This research investigates the protection of personal data within the Brazilian legal system, in order to unravel the level of protection and how this is effected. Therefore, the objective is to identify the Brazilian legislation that deals with the protection of personal data. Identifies the challenges for managing personal data in Brazil, establish some practical cases in the national and international levels. It aims, therefore, to seek solutions through legislation already regarded in Brazil for cases of resolutions. Finally, it maps the laws and practices of other countries, compared with those from Brazil, with the aim of presenting new solutions to the loopholes in Brazilian laws. As for the method, the research appears as qualitative primarily based on documentary evidence. It is hoped that this research, at its end, identifies personal data management practices in Brazil. / Investiga a proteção de dados pessoais no âmbito no ordenamento jurídico, com o intuito de desvendar qual o nível de tal tutela e como esta se efetiva. Para tanto, objetiva-se identificar a legislação brasileira que trata sobre a proteção de dados pessoais. Identificar quais os desafios para de gestão dados pessoais, apurar alguns casos práticos no âmbito nacional e internacional. Consequentemente, buscar soluções através da legislação e princípios já existentes no Brasil e no mundo para resoluções de casos. Por fim, mapear as legislações e práticas de outros países, comparando com as do Brasil, com o objetivo de apresentar novas soluções em que as leis brasileiras possuem uma lacuna. Quanto ao método, a pesquisa configura-se como qualitativa de cunho documental. Espera-se com essa pesquisa que ao fim, sejam identificadas as práticas de gestão de dados pessoais no Brasil.

Le monde des logiciels doit être interprété de manière extensive à l’instar de la présence de l’outil informatique dans la société contemporaine. Le présent travail de recherche entend mettre en avant que la protection du logiciel par le droit d’auteur est davantage opportuniste que réfléchie. Cet opportunisme se ressentait par une volonté libérale de déléguer aux acteurs économiques la fixation des règles propres aux régimes juridiques applicables aux logiciels. Jusqu’à très récemment, la conjugaison du droit d’auteur et du droit des contrats ont entraîné à la fois accentué l’exclusivité sur son code fondée sur le droit d’auteur, ainsi qu’une immunité sur la qualité de son code fondée sur le droit des contrats. Une telle politique a engendré un mouvement contestataire du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, un accroissement des risques des utilisateurs et une protection perverse puisque la divulgation de l’œuvre est supposée être faite lorsque l’auteur l’estime être prête. Ce laissez faire normatif se retrouve également dans les données informatiques, informations, où l’absence de protection d’alors faisait l’objet de grands débats entre informaticiens (libéraux) et juristes (conservateurs). Or la présente étude prône pour l’établissement d’un patrimoine immatériel comme semble l’amorcer les mouvements législatifs et prétoriens actuels. Néanmoins ce patrimoine immatériel étant facilement duplicable en n’étant pas par défaut exclusif, les forces de l’ordre et renseignement peuvent s’en saisir également plus facilement grâce à l’aide des fournisseurs de service. Ceci facilite également l’établissement d’un panopticon intrusif. / The world of software shall be constraint widely as could testified the computer tool in our modern society. This research tries to emphasize that the protection of the software is more an opportunistic choice than a reasoned one. That opportunism was seen through the delegation of the rulemaking of the juridical regime of the software to the economic actors. Until very recently, the conjugation of the copyright and ordinary law of contracts which increased the exclusivity of the stakeholder over the code, through the copyright, and an immunity over the poor quality over the same code through the contract law. Such policy generated a dissenting movement against the IP rights, an increasing of the risks on the consumers and a perverted protection because the disclosure of the work by its authors is supposed to be done when the author judges it ready. This legal laissez-faire is also found in the computerized data, informations, where the absence of protection by itself was subject to debates between programmers (liberals) and lawyers (conservative). Or our research is pleading for the establishment of a digital patrimony as the latest laws and cases laws are developing. However the digital patrimony is easily copied and not exclusive by nature, police and intelligence committees can cease it easily than before, thanks to the help of service providers. Such patrimony also helps to the building of an intrusive panopticon.

L'invasion de la technologie numérique a modifié la société civile et administrative depuis la fin du XXe siècle. Les libertés publiques et individuelles ont été affectées par cette technologie. Le droit commun s'est adapté pour défendre les libertés publiques. Une législation spéciale s'est mise en place pour protéger la vie privée au travers de la protection des données à caractère personnel. Les entreprises mercantiles collectent ces données, les échangent et les monnaient. Elles constituent ainsi une base de données contenant une masse d'information concernant chaque individu. L'État adapte les lois afin de permettre une surveillance des individus au nom de la lutte contre le terrorisme. Mais la technologie permet aussi la diffusion des données administratives vers les citoyens et favorise une information neutre. Cette information ouvre la voie à une participation citoyenne. La France se refusant d'introduire directement dans la Constitution la protection de la vie privée, ce sont les cours européennes, CEDH et CJUE, qui depuis quelques années protègent effectivement cette vie privée. Cette protection repose également sur une meilleure formation des individus face aux dangers des réseaux sociaux et de l'Internet, formation qui reste à développer. / The invasion of digital technology has changed civil and administrative society since the end of the 20th century. Public and individual freedoms have been affected by this information technology. Common law has adapted to defend public liberties. Special legislation has been put in place to protect privacy through the protection of personal data. Mercantile companies collect these data and exchange them. They thus constitute a database containing a mass of information concerning each individual. The government adapts laws to allow surveillance of individuals to fight against terrorism. But technology also allows the dissemination of administrative data to citizens and promotes neutral information. This information paves the way for citizen participation. Since France refuses to introduce the protection of privacy directly into the Constitution, the European courts, ECHR and CJEU, have in recent years effectively protected this private life. This protection is also based on better training of individuals in the face of the dangers of social networks and the Internet, training that remains to be developed.

The thesis "Selected issues of the current legal regulation of protection of personal data in the European Union" is focused on describing the development of personal data in the European Union and on current changes in this field of European law. The first chapter is focused on the historical development of the personal data protection on the European continent with the specific aim of looking at the development in the European Union. This chapter describes the progressive development of the right to the protection of personal data which was formed within the right to privacy because of technological developments. The first chapter also talks about personal data protection in primary and secondary legislation which became the foundation for the further development. The second chapter is devoted to the comparison of the former EU regulation of the personal data protection in the directive 95/46/ES with the new regulation in GDPR. The most important changes were chosen for the comparison together with the ones which were often discussed prior to GDPR coming into effect. The interim goal of this chapter is to explain to the reader the extent of changes which GDPR brings to the field of personal data protection. The third chapter is focused on the institute of the data protection officer which is a...

This diploma thesis deals with selected aspects of personality rights protection with focus on new media. It provides analysis of national and EU regulation and presents Czech and European case law on the topic. Deficiencies in laws governing this area and in practices used for protection of personality rights are highlighted as well. The first chapter focuses on the internet law, related phenomena and on the definition of the concept of new media. The following chapter introduces the notion of personality protection as embodied in the constitutional and civil law. Attention is focused on the human rights and on the different personality rights, such as right to protection of the name and appearance, right to dignity, honour and respect and right to privacy. Fake profiles on social media and automatic face recognition techniques are mentioned in this context. Chapter three provides a brief introduction to the data protection and targeted advertising. The following section deals with limitations of personality rights, particularly with conflicts between human rights, with legal licenses, permissions and with typical unlawful interference with personality rights, which can be encountered on the internet. The issue of defamation, hate speech and street view services is discussed in detail....

Les données à caractère personnel ont subi de grands changements qui justifient une nouvelle étude de cette notion. Ces données particulières sont aujourd’hui au cœur de l’économie numérique et font, pour cette raison, l’objet de nombreuses revendications. Volonté d’appropriation de la part des exploitants, demande de protection de la part des personnes concernées par les données, font partie des enjeux qu’il s’agit de concilier. Une définition et une qualification adéquates des données personnelles apparaissent alors indispensables afin de trouver un équilibre entre les différents intérêts en présence. La thèse démontrera la nécessité d’adopter une nouvelle vision des données personnelles, pour refléter au mieux leurs caractéristiques actuelles et ce afin de les encadrer de manière efficace. / Personal data has undergone a major change which justifies a new study of this notion. This particular data is at the heart of the digital economy and thus stirs numerous claims. What is at stake here is to try to work out a balance between different claims such as managing operators' will of appropriation and protecting people concerned by the data, for example. This is why it is essential to find a precise definition and adequate qualifications of personal data to find a balance between the various interests. The thesis will focus on the necessity to adopt a new vision of personal data, to show its current characteristics so as to manage it efficiently.

O estudo explora a questão de como o Direito do Trabalho brasileiro protege a informação pessoal do empregado perante o empregador e se essa proteção considera deliberadamente os riscos subjacentes ao uso da informação em ambiente de crescente processamento automático. No Capítulo I, apresenta-se no contexto internacional o problema da obtenção e do uso pelo empregador da informação relativa ao empregado em um ambiente de crescente automatização e justifica-se a necessidade de sua abordagem no Direito brasileiro. No Capítulo II é examinado o arcabouço da proteção de dados pessoais do empregado nas normas internacionais. No Capítulo III, buscam-se os fundamentos do conceito de dados pessoais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, principalmente na órbita constitucional, sob a fórmula do direito à autodeterminação informativa. O Capítulo IV traça um quadro geral da proteção da informação relativa ao empregado no Direito do Trabalho brasileiro, considerando os limites à obtenção e ao uso da informação pessoal, os deveres do empregador como responsável pelo acervo de informações pessoais que mantém e os direitos diretamente relacionados à autodeterminação informativa. O Capítulo V investiga as potencialidades do quadro normativo brasileiro atual para oferecer uma proteção ao empregado que se aproxime das finalidades almejadas nas normas internacionais setoriais. / The study is concerned with the question of how the Brazilian Labor Law protects the employees personal information from collection and use by the employer and whether it considers the threats to the employee that arise from increasing automatic processing. Chapter I presents, in the international context, the problem of the employers collecting and using the employees personal information in a world of increasing automation and justifies the need for its approach in the Brazilian Law. Chapter II presents the employees data protection framework proposed in international agreements. Chapter III discusses the fundaments of the concept of personal data and its formulation as informational self-determination in the Brazilian Law and in the Brazilian Constitution. Chapter IV offers a general picture of the protection of the employees information in the Brazilian Labor Law, considering the limits to its collection and use, the obligations of the employer as responsible for the retrieval of the stored data, and the employee`s rights regarding informational self- determination. Chapter V investigates the possibilities of the present Brazilian Legal framework in offering protection to the employee on the same basis as proposed in sectorial international agreements.

This diploma thesis is focused on criminalistic dactyloscopy, one of many methods of personal identification by fingerprints used in criminalistic praxis. However, this activity involves interventions and restrictions of human rights of persons being dactyloscoped. The areas affected are mainly personal data protection, human dignity and freedom and personal security rights. Thus this procedure has to be legal, reasonable and legitimate. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete description of historical development, possible uses and legal framework of criminalistic dactyloscopy. Closely connected to this topic are definitions of several conceptions. The basis of this work lies in an evaluation and comparison of the state of dactyloscopic identification prior to 1990. It also notes the changes occurring after this date and changes connected with the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union. The aim of this work is to provide the reader or any person interested in this topic with basics of procedures of dactyloscopic analysis and a list of related books for additional information. Resulting from these aims of this work and from the study of professional literature, following hypotheses were established: There was insufficient legal protection of dactyloscoped subjects prior to 1990. After 1990, a gradual development of legal system created conditions of adequate human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Both hypotheses were confirmed by professional literature and legal regulations, mainly Law No. 40/1974 (on the former police functioning), International Pact of Civil and Political Rights as stated in the Law No. 120/1976 Coll., Law No. 283/1991 Coll. (on the Police of Czech Republic) within the meaning of later regulations, Law No. 101/2000 (on personal data protection) and further legal norms. The concept of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete overview of criminalistic dactyloscopy and a basic sketch of the development of human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Its readers can compare current situation with historical development. It should give them a wider understanding of this topic with the aim of orientating the readers in basic law regulations and providing them with a list of extra resources.

I samband med den nya dataskyddsförordningen för EU tillkommer ny lagstiftning kring hur verksamheter får behandla EU-medborgares personuppgifter. En av de stora nyheterna är dataportabilitetskravet som ställer krav på att verksamheter ska kunna överföra individers personuppgifter till individerna själva eller till andra personuppgiftsansvariga. Detta innebär omfattande utmaningar med verksamheters förmåga till interoperabilitet i förhållande till andra aktörer utifrån juridisk, organisatorisk, teknisk och semantisk interoperabilitet. Med dataportabilitetskravet hamnar interoperabilitet i fokus som en förutsättning förverksamheter att uppfylla dataskyddslagstiftningen. Mot bakgrund av detta studeras en offentlig organisation som berörs av dataskyddsreformen och kravet på dataportabilitet. I studien inryms en fördjupning av hur organisationen hanterar sina system och strukturer samt jobbar med standarder och samarbeten för att uppnå interoperabilitet i enlighet med dataportabilitet. Det studerade fallet bidrar med insikter för hur andra organisationer kan arbeta med liknande frågor som berör dataportabilitet och interoperabilitet. I studien framkommer det att fallorganisationen sedan tidigare arbetar med interoperabilitetsfrågor. Detta är på grund av egenuppmärksammade behov inom verksamheten och inte enbart av lagkravet från dataskyddsförordningen på dataportabilitet. Med hänsyn till dataskyddsförordningen pågår för närvarande interna analyser kring vilka åtgärder som behöver vidtas där dataportabilitet är ett av dessa områden. Organisationen ser utmaningar främst rörande tolkningen av de nya lagkraven, organisatorisk interoperabilitet och semantisk. Arbetet för att kunna uppfylla kravet pågår, och man följer de rekommendationer som ges från rådgivande organisationer, både från EU och nationellt. Studiens kunskapsbidrag bidrar till ökad förståelse för vilken relevans som interoperabilitet har för dataportabilitet kontextualiserat till den nya dataskyddsförordningen. Studien visar relevansen av hur gemensamma spelregler mellan olika parter i form av gemensam juridik bidrar till förbättrade förutsättningar att nå interoperabilitet på även de andra nivåerna: organisatoriskt, tekniskt och semantiskt, vilket utifrån vad studien visar är avgörande för möjligheten till dataportabilitet. Studien bidrar därtill med en användbar konceptuell modell för att utvärdera interoperabilitet som en förutsättning för dataportabilitet för organisationer. / In the context of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within EU, new legislation is added upon how organizations are permitted to process EU citizens’ personal data. One of the changes is the right to data portability which sets the requirements that organizations must be able to transfer subjects’ personal data to the subject itself or to other data controllers. This implicates comprehensive challenges for organizations’ capacity to reach interoperability in relation to other actors’ based on juridical, organizational, technical and semantic interoperability. In light of the requirement of data portability, interoperability comes into focus as a condition for organizations to comply with the GDPR regulation. In consideration of this background, a public organization that is affected by the data protection reform and the data portability requirement is being studied. In the study, a deepening is made on how the organization manage their systems and structures as well as working with standards and co-operations to reach interoperability in accordance with data portability. The studied case contributes with insights on how organizations can work with similar issues that consider data portability and interoperability. In the study it is clear that the case organization is already working with interoperability issues. This as a result of the organizations own attention of related issues and not only as an effect due to the new data protection regulation and its requirement of data portability. In effect of the data protection regulation, an ongoing analysis is made within the case organization to investigate which actions are needed, where the right to data portability is one of the areas to deal with. The organization identify challenges mainly within the interpretation of the GDPR, organizational and semantic interoperability. The work on how to comply with the requirements is in progress, and the organization follow the recommendations which are given by advising organizations both within EU and on national level. The contribution of the study is deepening knowledge on the relevance of interoperability as a condition to achieve data portability contextualized by the GDPR. Our study shows the relevance of how common rules between different actors in the form of common legislation contributes to improved prerequisites to reach interoperability on all four levels, namely, organizational, juridical, technical and semantic interoperability, which from what our study show is crucial for data portability. The study also contributes with a useful conceptual model to evaluate interoperability as a prerequisite to achieve data portability for organizations.