Today’s popular culture often implement’s religious themes or religious symbolism. Popular culture shows a lot of interest in the conflict between good and evil and existential questions. As do most beliefs of today. How to analyze the way religion is presented and regarded in popular culture will always be grounded in the definition of religion itself. The definition is there to pinpoint exactly what one wishes to examine. The definitions do not try to explain what religion really is, but rather, try to pinpoint the very thing you want to analyze about religion. How you define it, defines the analysis. Star Wars is a phenomenon of popular culture which started out as a mere film series but consists today of toys, books and TV-series. Star Wars presents religion in form of a transcendental power of the universe known as The Force. Through the Force, Star Wars handle the conflict between good and evil, as the Force is used by both sides in different ways. You can also find the debate between the believer and the non-believer, in which Star Wars seems as an advocate of the believer, as it is through belief in something higher, rather than trust in technological progress, one can achieve victory. The analysis shows that the characters of Star Wars view belief in something higher as something positive and good. The Force works as something holy and many characters has a personal relationship to it. Star Wars also presents a clear good and evil, however it also proclaims a gray area in the hero of Luke Skywalker. To follow one’s own path seems to be something important to Star Wars.

”Here to stay” is the english title of this essay, about middle aged women who participates in these subcultures punk/hardcore, hard rock/metal and folk music in Sweden. The purpose is to explore the terms and conditions of participation for middle aged women in the subcultures. I have made interviews with six women between fortyseven och and sixtyseven years old who are organisers, musicians and in other ways taking part in these subcultures and scenes. I have also made observations at events and used autoethnography as method as I am part of the Swedish DIY punk scene. My analysis is based on poststructrural theory. I have used Judith Butlers theories on performativity and subject positions and used Jason Glynos and David Howarths theories on logics to explain the discourses I found. The results of this essay showed that the subcultures punk/hardcore and hard rock/metal are associated with male youth and that folk music include women of all ages at a higher extent than folk music. The more aggressive the music, the more the subcultures in my study evolve around hegemonic masculinity and male homosociality. On the other hand, women who take part in punk/hardcore and hard rock/metal have a chance to negotiate with and reject traditional femininity as a way of expressing their subcultural identity. The discourse implies that folk music is a welcoming subculture, which leads to the risk that excluding norms stand unchallenged. Women tend to leave the subculture they take part in as they become mothers, but those who stay gets to represent both their gender and their age.

Litteraturstudien behandlar elevnära, multimodala texter i undervisning. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa hur undervisning med olika multimodala elevnära texter påverkar elevers läs-och skrivutveckling. Frågeställningarna som kommer att besvaras är:  Vilka möjligheter erbjuder elevnära multimodala texter för att utveckla elevers läs-och skrivförmåga?  Och på vilka sätt kan elevnära multimodala texter utgöra ett hinder för elevers läs-och skrivutveckling? Litteraturstudien bygger på nationell och internationell forskning om hur elevers läs-och skrivutveckling påverkas av arbete med multimodala texter. Studien behandlar 6 stycken doktorsavhandlingar och 9 vetenskapliga artiklar. Komparativ analysstrategi har använts som metod för att göra en jämförande analys. Resultatet visar att multimodala elevnära texter i undervisningen bidrar till att elever får användning av sina förkunskaper om populärkultur och att tillgången till autentiska mottagare gör att eleverna anpassar sitt textinnehåll efter mottagare. Vidare visar resultatet även att tillgången till bilder kan bidra till ökad läsförståelse men även till distraktion om utformningen är bristfällig. I resultatet framkommer det även att bedömningen av multimodala texter är något som behöver utvecklas eftersom modaliteter som ljud och bild knappt blir bedömda i elevernas multimodala texter. Slutligen visar resultatet även att multimodala E-böcker bidrar till ökad motivation och att elever läser längre stycken.

The 1960s was the stage for a global changes and the uprising of social movements. The world changed it´s form when the older generation was approach was set against the younger generation. The memories of the 1960s and 1970s are still present like a shadow in the Swedish society and in our culture. This period had the whole world on it´s toes and it took years before the political and civil unrest settled. This study is an examination of the tv-serie Upp till Kamp (2007) and the film Tillsammans (2000), where the principal purpose is to examine and compare their representation of the use of history. The first part is looking at how both of the mediums are reconstructing the Swedish national narrative of the 1970s. And the second part is trying to put the films into a context by illustrating the contradicting attributes of how their societies are portrayed in these two films. These contradictions are based on four themes that is found in both of the movies; gender, generation, class and social movements. The conclusion of the study shows that the two films are creating two different pictures of the 1970s Swedish society. Upp till Kamp are reconstructing the most common perspective in Swedish history; the male perspective. Where as Tillsammans illustrate the women’s everyday life and the social struggle, and it even shows the children’s perspective. The comparison between how the two films use the four different themes was helpful in highlighting what type of narrative the two filmmakers chose for their view of the 1970s in Sweden, and what they chose to leave out. Which leads to a discussion about how film as a medium is a great tool for mediating history, but also due to the constant reproduction of the same type of narratives. And this shows why films that reconstruct history needs to be questioned, because other important narratives might be left out.

Uppsatsen studerar porträtt av ondska i poulärkultur, genom att titta på filmerna Star Wars- och Harry Potterfilmerna. Både manus, ljud och bild utgör fokus för uppsatsen.

Medieinnehåll bidrar till uppfattningen om hur man som kvinna är och bör vara. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur den kvinnliga huvudkaraktären Hannah Horvath framställs i Girls säsong 5. Detta för att se hur hennes femininitet kommer till uttryck genom vänner, kärlek, sexualitet och karriär. Vidare kommer att utläsas hur hon utmanar samt knyter an till den traditionella bilden av kvinnor i TV.  Uppsatsen använder sig av en narrativ analysmetod hämtad från How to Study Television (1995), som specialiserar sig på hur man studerar innehållet i TV och TV-serier. Analysen kommer att göras utifrån ett genus-och (post)feministiskt perspektiv för att möjiiggöra utläsningen av traditionella och stereotypa egenskaper, attribut samt beteenden kopplat till femininitet och kvinnor. Analysen består av sex scener från sex olika avsnitt ur den femte säsongen av Girls. Analysen har visat hur karaktären Hannah Horvath både utmanar och knyter an till traditionellt framställda bilder av kvinnor i TV. Detta genom att hennes karaktär tillskriver sig, samt skapar en dialektisk relation mellan både maskulint och feminint förväntade egenskaper och beteenden. Utöver följande aspekter går det att utläsa att Hannah Horvath uttrycker sig både inom feministiska, och postfeministiska ramverk.

Religion är inte ett fenomen som nyligen börjat gestaltas i film, detta har gjorts länge. Forskning gällande skärningspunkten mellan religion och film har också funnits i den akademiska världen länge. Det är dock inte lika vanligt att undersöka hur mytologi gestaltas i film. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur den grekiska mytologin gestaltas i filmerna Percy Jackson – Kampen om åskviggen, Percy Jackson – Monsterhavet, Clash of the Titans och Wrath of the Titans. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tidigare forskning på området visar att myterna som används i film ofta muteras eller modifieras för att passa film eller tv-serier. Man menar att myterna i filmerna kan förhålla sig indirekt eller direkt till de traditionella grekiska myterna. Resultatet av studien visar även detta. De traditionella grekiska myterna modifieras eller muteras för att passa i genren, och för att väcka spänning.

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This study focuses on how the popular culture maintains the so called macho culture through the action character James Bond. The macho culture imposes an unhealthy demand for men to be masculine, which affects their mental health. The two longest car scenes are examined in the latest Bond movie Spectre (2015). The aim of the study is to contribute with knowledge of how macho culture is presented in the film world. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the narrative, which according to Selby and Cowdery (1995), is a story that in many cases is so basic and natural that the viewer overlooks it. According to Selby and Cowdery (1995), the narrative has the power to transform information and manipulate the viewer not to react to the events they see. The narrative analysis is based on semiotics, which means that the study's method is based on the semiotics connotation, denotation, and myth. The study uses an analysis model to make it easier to analyze James Bond, the model is divided into three categories, appearance, emotions, and driving. The analysis showed that the demands and attributes of the macho culture were depicted in the scenes where we studied James Bond's appearance and feelings, and his driving. Mental illness and car crashes is examples of consecvenses that macho culture could lead to. Therefore, it ́s problematic for populare culture to continue depict James Bond in a stereotypical way.

Religious elements are not uncommon in the field of popular culture, especially regarding movies, and the Star Wars series have implemented all sorts of different religious themes and religious symbolisms, almost as a sort of religious melting pot. This work, however, seeks to isolate and focus on a singular religious tradition. This essay aims to examine if, and what kinds of Christian elements are present in the first Star Wars trilogy. To determine what kind of religious and Christian elements that are present in the source material, which consist of the three original Star Wars films, episode IV through VI. The films were analyzed by using a hermeneutic theory and method, which would allow an interpretation of elements in the films which later could be considered religious and directly Christian, by connecting them to direct and indirect connotations in the Bible and Christian theology like that of Martin Luther. The results of the analysis show a few different kinds of Christian elements to be found in the first three movies. The results consist of: Names and symbols, Christian thematic in scenes and three overarching themes, salvation, Luke Skywalker as a messiah’s character, and different interpretations of the Force. An example of the results is regarding Martin Luther and sola fide and how that connection can be made to Star Wars. In the scene where this connection is made, we see our protagonist Luke Skywalker, using faith, and faith alone do destroy the Death Star, thereby redeeming not only himself but also the rebel alliance, which in turn can be likened as a symbol for the resurrection of Christ.