Lollipop, Don’t Be a Hero explores the conceptual and visual themes that are presented in my MFA thesis exhibition. This thesis recounts the development of my work during the two years of graduate study at the VCU Photography and Film Department. The research looks into historical and contemporary ideas within art, social and philosophical commentary and literature, which influence my creative process and aesthetic. This work investigates the idea of giving a voice to a specific section of the working class.

Le secteur de la construction est considéré comme un des facteurs principaux qui affectent la dépense énergétique et les émissions des gaz à effet de serre. Dès lors, la valorisation de la qualité environnementale des bâtiments constitue une réponse importante aux enjeux du développement durable. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche aborde le problème de l'incertitude inhérente aux démarches HQE®, notamment dans l'évaluation de la qualité environnementale des bâtiments tertiaires. Notre étude s'appuie sur la théorie des possibilités qui présente des atouts intéressants au regard de notre problématique, notamment sa capacité à modéliser l'expertise humaine et la présentation simple et unique des incertitudes et des imprécisions sur la base d'un volume limité d'informations. Ce travail vise à associer une crédibilité à l'évaluation de la qualité environnementale du bâtiment en traitant des paramètres tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs. La modélisation des incertitudes permet aux concepteurs de mieux hiérarchiser les impacts des différents paramètres contribuant à l'amélioration de la qualité environnementale d'un bâtiment et d'identifier les informations qui nécessiteraient en priorité une instigation plus poussée afin de crédibiliser l'évaluation environnementale / It is well known that the construction sector is considered one of the main factors that affect the energy consumption and the emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, the enhancement of the environmental quality of buildings is an important response to the challenges of sustainable development. In such context, this research discusses the problem of the uncertainty inherent in the French approach HQE®, particularly the assessment of the environmental quality of tertiary buildings. In fact, this study is based on possibility theory, which presents interesting advantages in terms of our problem, especially its ability to model human expertise or knowledge in addition to simple and unique presentation of uncertainties and inaccuracies on the basis of a limited amount of information. Moreover, this work aims to associate a credibility assessment of the environmental quality of buildings by handling two types of input parameters which are the quantitative and the qualitative ones. This uncertainty modeling offers the designers a better prioritization of the impacts of the different parameters, which thus contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality of a building, and identify the information that would require more instigation to enhance the credibility of the environmental assessment

Föreliggande studie har genom nio semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer undersökt utredares, förundersökningsledares samt åklagares upplevelser och erfarenheter inom Polismyndighetens utredningsarbete, vad gäller sexuellt digitalt våld mot barn (under 18 år). Detta för att eventuellt kunna identifiera möjliga utvecklingsområden inom utredningsarbetet vad gäller att skicka oönskade nakenbilder samt att otillåtet sprida nakenbilder på någon annan. Detta då uppklaringsandelen i relation till antalet anmälningar vad gäller dessa brott kan anses vara låg. Således blev praktikers upplevelser och erfarenheter av arbetsprocessen samt om och i sådana fall hur de påverkas av att arbeta med sexuellt digitalt våld centralt. Resultatet påvisar att praktikerna lyfter flera aspekter av sitt arbete såsom bra ledarskap, utformningen av arbetsgrupper samt snabba samarbeten som välfungerande moment i utredningsarbetet. Flera utvecklingsområden framkom även där det bland annat efterfrågas klarare riktlinjer, samt mer metodstöd, kunskap och utbildning inom området för att öka effektiviteten i arbetet. Exponeringen i deltagarnas arbete med sexuellt digitalt våld mot barn, tillsammans med den stress praktikerna upplever utifrån deras arbetsbelastning, erfars bidrar till en negativ påverkan och minskad arbetskapacitet. Dock belyses att stöd och hjälp finns att tillgå som motverkar den negativa påverkan. Studiens resultat diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning inom området samt i relation till organisationsteori. / The present study has, through nine qualitative semi-structured interviews, examined investigators’, requisitors’ and prosecutors’ experiences of the police authority's investigative work regarding sexual digital violence against children (under age 18). The study aimed to identify areas of development within the investigative work regarding receiving unwanted nude images and unauthorized spreading of nude pictures of others. This because of the low crime clearance rate of reported crimes. Thus practitioners’ experience of their work process, including if and how they were affected by working with sexual digital violence, were essential. The results from the interviews highlighted several aspects of the work such as good leadership, team design, and rapid collaborations as well-functioning components. Several areas of development also emerged such as clearer guidelines, increased methodological support, increased level of knowledge, and education, to increase the work efficiency. The exposure to sexual content in the participants' work combined with the stress derived from their workload was experienced to contribute to a negative impact and reduced work capacity. However, it was highlighted that support and help was available to lessen the negative impact. The study's results were discussed based on previous research in the field and in relation to organizational theory.

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode d'estimation non-paramétrique de la densité de probabi lité. Cette méthode d'estimation imprécise combine la théorie de distribution de Schwartz et la théorie de possibilité. La méthode d'estimation que nous proposons est une extension de la méthode d'estimation à noyau. Cette extension est basée sur une nouvelle méthode de représentation de la notion de voisinage sur laquelle s'appuie l'estimation à noyau. Cette représentation porte le nom de noyau maxitif. L'estimation produite est de nature intervalliste. Elle est une enveloppe convexe d'un ensemble d'estimation de Parzen-Rosenblatt obtenus avec un ensemble de noyaux contenus dans une famille particulière. Nous étudions un certain nombre des propriétés théoriques liées à cette nouvelle méthode d'estimation. Parmi ces propriétés, nous montrons un certain type de convergence de cet estimateur. Nous montrons aussi une aptitude particulière de ce type d'estimation à quantifier l'erreur d'estimation liée à l'aspect aléatoire de la distribution des observations. Nous proposons un certain nombre d'algorithmes de faible complexité permettant de programmer facilement les méthodes que nous proposons / This manuscript, proposes a new nonparametric method for estimating the probability density function. This estimation method combines the Schwartz distribution theory and the possibility theory. It is an extension of the kernel density estimator that leads to imprecise estimation. It is based on a new method for modeling neighborhood. The interval valued estimate it produces is a convex envelope of the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimates obtained with kernels belonging to a coherent convex family. We propose some theoretical properties of this new method. Among these properties, we have shown a kind of convergence of this estimator. We also shown a particular aptitude of this estimator to quantify the error due to random variation in observation. We also propose very low complexity algorithms to compute the proposed methods.

A dissertação objetiva defender a possibilidade do princípio da insignificância incidir sobre os atos de improbidade administrativa, à luz da hipótese analisada, na busca de uma interpretação mais humanizante ao viés extremamente sancionatório que a jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça aplica à Lei 8.429/92, ao impedir, sequer, cogitar-se do princípio nessa seara. Sem olvidar a relevância da moralidade administrativa, o escopo do trabalho é apenas o de abrir uma fresta para a possibilidade de cabimento do princípio da insignificância, enquanto fundamento de validade principiológica da eventual absolvição de acusados da prática de atos de improbidade administrativa, cuja conduta, na análise do caso concreto, tenha se revelado dotada de ofensividade mínima ao bem jurídico protegido. A relevância normativa dos princípios, bem como das garantias e limites constitucionais contra o poder punitivo do Estado, são decorrência do antropocentrismo que fundamenta a Constituição vigente, levando a Suprema Corte a estabelecer vetores de aplicação do princípio da insignificância, que devem ter a possibilidade de serem estendidos, quando cabíveis, ao julgamento dos atos de improbidade administrativa, seja pelos princípios da proporcionalidade e da razoabilidade, limitadores da discricionariedade, seja por princípios de comum cabimento no direito sancionador, diante do conceito universal de antijuridicidade. Por fim, tendências jurisprudenciais e normativas indicam a possibilidade de aplicação do princípio da insignificância aos atos de improbidade administrativa, para corrigir o entrave criado pelo absolutismo da posição que veda, por completo, a mera cogitação de incidência do princípio. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the likelihood of enforcing the principle of insignificance to administrative malfeasance, in view of the hypothesis analyzed, in the search for a more human approach rather than the extremely punitive perspective followed by the Brazilian superior court of justice in relation to Law 8.429/92, by completely disregarding the principle in this sense. Notwithstanding the importance of the administrative morality, the purpose of this paper is to simply look at the possibility of considering the principle of insignificance, as a valid principle of eventual acquittal of those accused of administrative malfeasance, and whose actions might have been perceived as offensive to the assets protected by the law through the analysis of the case. The normative relevance of the principles and the warranties and constitutional limitations against the punitive powers of the State arise from the anthropocentrism that supports the current Constitution, which cause the Brazilian superior court of justice to veto the enforcement of the principle of insignificance, which should be extended, whenever possible, to the judgment of administrative malfeasance, either through principles of proportionality and reasonability, which limit discretion, either through common principles common to the punitive law or to the universal concept of unlawfulness. Finally, case lawrelated and normative trends show the possibility of enforcing the principle of insignificance to administrative malfeasance to correct problems caused by the absolutism of the position that vetoes the possibility of the principle.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Alice Reis Pieretti.pdf: 811349 bytes, checksum: aaee4985f16a141c9e4e095e290179a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / In spite of the existence of a fair amount of studies on programmed instruction, previously reported findings show some inconsistencies, and some specific manipulations in the implementation of this technology of teaching have not been satisfactorily investigated yet. The current study assessed the influence of varying the opportunities for receiving feedback as well as the influence of the moment of repetition of items answered incorrectly on learning under a programmed instruction procedure. Sixteen students, divided into two groups, participated in this study. All participants were given a pretest, training and a posttest. However, the conditions described below were manipulated only during the training session. Group 1 was exposed to the varied opportunities of repetition of those frames answered incorrectly under the following conditions: 1a) Repetition at the end of the series only once; 1b) Repetition at the end of the series up to three times; 1c) Repetition after feedback only once; 1d) Repetition after feedback up to three times. A procedure that varied the type of feedback was adopted for Group 2, in accordance with the following conditions: 2e) Feedback after every answered frame; 2f) No feedback for any of the answered frames; 2g) Feedback for every frame answered correctly; 2h) Feedback after every incorrectly answered frame. Results showed that all participants produced a higher percentage of correct posttest answers compared to pretest answers. The highest average percentages occurred in the Repetition after feedback up to three times condition (67.42% correct answers) and the Repetition after feedback only once condition (66.06% correct answers). As for Group 2, the conditions with the highest average percentages for correct answers were Feedback after every frame (69.5%) and Feedback after every incorrectly answered frame (69.2%). The influence of the implementation of the whole procedure in only one session on participants posttest performance is discussed. Furthermore, it is possible to claim that the moment when repetition of items occurred seemed to have exerted more influence on participants performance than the amount of times they could repeat the item answered incorrectly. It is also warranted a discussion about the need for increasing the number of opportunities for repeating the incorrect items / Apesar de haver um razoável número de estudos sobre Instrução Programada tecnologia de ensino desenvolvida por Skinner -, os resultados encontrados apresentam incongruências, e algumas manipulações específicas na aplicação dessa tecnologia de ensino não foram suficientemente investigadas. O presente trabalho avaliou a influência de variações da oportunidade de apresentação do feedback, e do momento e número de repetições dos itens respondidos incorretamente sobre a aprendizagem, em um procedimento de Instrução Programada. O estudo foi realizado com 16 participantes, estudantes do ensino superior, divididos em dois grupos. Todos os participantes passaram por pré-teste, treino e pós-teste, sendo que as condições apresentadas a seguir foram manipuladas apenas durante o treino. O Grupo 1 foi submetido a variação nas oportunidades de repetição dos quadros respondidos incorretamente, nas seguintes condições: 1a) Repetição ao final da série por uma vez; 1b) Repetição ao final da série até três vezes; 1c) Repetição em seguida ao feedback uma vez; 1d) Repetição em seguida ao feedback até três vezes. O Grupo 2 foi submetido a variação no tipo de feedback, nas condições: 2e) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos; 2f) Feedback para nenhum dos quadros respondidos; 2g) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos corretamente; 2h) Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente. A ordem em que os diferentes participantes passaram pelas diversas condições variou entre eles. Todos os participantes apresentarem uma maior porcentagem de respostas corretas no pós-teste do que no pré-teste. As maiores porcentagens médias de acertos do Grupo 1 ocorreram nas condições Repetição após o feedback até três vezes (67.42% de acertos) e Repetição após o feedback uma vez (66.06% de acertos), nessa ordem. As condições com as maiores porcentagens médias de acertos para o Grupo 2 foram Feedback em todos os quadros (69.5%), seguida da condição Feedback em todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente (69.2%). Além disso, os resultados apontam que o momento da repetição dos itens pareceu ter mais influência sobre o desempenho dos participantes do que a quantidade de vezes em que estes puderam repetir os itens respondidos incorretamente

La question directrice qui nous guide tout au long de ce travail est le "principium redendae rationis sufficientis" (le principe de la raison suffisante) sur la traduction duquel Heidegger mène ses réflexions au sujet de la traduction sans le mettre lui-même en relation avec la problématique de la traduction. En d’autres termes, la question que nous nous posons est de savoir si quelque chose comme la traduction est possible, quelle est la raison déterminante de cette possibilité et pourquoi en général une telle chose est possible plutôt qu’impossible. La question de la possibilité de la traduction au sens de ratio sufficiens, est une question qui porte sur l’essence de la traduction en tant que lieu où l’identité et la non-identité à la fois se thématisent et se problématisent. Nous nous référons afin de répondre à cette question directrice à la phénoménologie d’Edmund Husserl. Indépendamment du fait que Husserl lui-même, comme nous le montrons, pense à une telle possibilité de la traduction, l’intérêt de la phénoménologie de Husserl pour la théorie de la traduction consiste à proposer un instrument formidable d’analyse linguistique, dont la spécificité ne consiste pas dans l’analyse de la forme telle qu’elle est, mais dans l’analyse de la forme à partir du contenu de la conscience dans laquelle toute forme a soit son équivalent conscientiel conscient selon le mode intentionnel de la conscience, soit est explicable à partir d’un tel contenu. L’idée et la possibilité d’une recherche phénoménologique de la traduction se réalisent dans le présent travail à partir de l’exploration d’une telle conscience qui se présente en même temps comme une conscience traductionelle. / The central thought of the present work is the "principium redendae rationis sufficientis", the translation of which Heidegger himself dealt with in his reflections on translation, but without drawing these in relation to the issue of translation. In other words, we raise the following question: If something like translation is possible, what is then the decisive reason and why is translation more likely possible than impossible? The question with regard to the possibility of translation in the sense of ratio sufficiens enquires about the essence of translation as a specific location in which identity, but also non-identity, are simultaneously problematized and thematised. In order to elucidate our initial question, we refer to Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology. Irrespective of the fact that Husserl himself thought of a such possibility of translation, as we intend to show, the interest of Husserl’s phenomenology for a theory of translation consists in offering a formidable instrument of linguistic analysis whose specificity does not rely on a purely formal analysis, but on an analysis of form deriving from the content of consciousness, in which each form, according to the intentional mode of consciousness, is either disposing of its conscious equivalent or is explicable through a such content. The idea and the possibility of a phenomenological translation research is to carry out in this present work starting from the investigation of a such consciousness, that presents itself at the same time as a translation-consciousness. / Der dieser Arbeit zugrundeliegende Leitgedanke ist das "principium redendae rationis sufficientis", mit dessen Übersetzung sich Heidegger bereits in seinen Betrachtungen zu Übersetzung befasst hat, ohne jedoch diese selbst auf die eigentliche Übersetzungsproblematik zu beziehen. Mit anderen Worten fragen wir uns: Wenn etwas wie Übersetzung möglich ist, was ist der entscheidende Grund dafür und weshalb ist etwas derartiges vielmehr möglich als unmöglich? Die Frage nach der Möglichkeit der Übersetzung im Sinne der ratio sufficiens fragt nach dem Wesen der Übersetzung als Ort, an dem sich Identität und Nicht-Identität gleichzeitig thematisieren und problematisieren. Um unsere Ausgangsfrage zu erforschen, beziehen wir uns auf die Phänomenologie Edmund Husserls. Unabhängig davon, dass Husserl selbst, wie wir zeigen werden, bereits an eine solche Möglichkeit der Übersetzung gedacht hat, besteht das Interesse der Husserlschen Phänomenologie für die Übersetzungstheorie darin, ein ausgezeichnetes Instrument zur linguistischen Analyse vorzuschlagen, dessen Spezifizität nicht in einer reinen Formanalyse besteht, sondern in der Analyse der Form ausgehend vom Bewusstseinsinhalt, in dem jede Form entweder gemäß dem intentionalen Modus des Bewusstseins über ein bewusstseinsmäßiges Äquivalent verfügt oder von einem solchen Inhalt aus erklärbar ist. Die Idee und Möglichkeit einer phänomenologischen Übersetzungsforschung wird im Ausgang von der Erforschung eines solchen Bewusstseins, das sich auch als ein Übersetzungsbewusstsein darstellt, durchgeführt.

Contemporary philosopher of science Nancy Cartwright (b. 1944) has raised many an eyebrow with her books How the Laws of Physics Lie (1983) and The Dappled World (1999), among others. The primary task of this dissertation is to link her philosophy with that of Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914)—a link that includes Duns Scotus. My focus is especially on the criticism Peirce would have of Cartwright, and on the philosophical support he can offer her. The question is this: Given her stated philosophy of science, to what else must Cartwright be philosophically committed? This includes discussions of metaphysics, scholastic realism, laws of nature, and the very possibility of science. There are many striking similarities between Peirce and Cartwright, but I argue that he sees further and deeper into the metaphysical implications of her views on science. / Graduate

Modern humour appears to initiate the deconstruction of modern correspondence thinking. A close examination shows the opposite, namely that modern humour forms part of correspondence thought in a complicated reciprocal relationship of disruption and support. Ironically, humour is particularly suited to explicating the deconstruction of correspondence thinking in poststructuralist language theories by being prone to refute cornerstone principles of modernism such as truth, rationality, reliability and permanence. This dissertation focuses on the exceptional suitability of humour to adapt to the loss of the centre and to demonstrate the shift from the modernist ontological approach to the postmodernist creative metaphorical approach to art. Humour, like metaphor, reinvents meaning rather than discovers it; it remains open-ended instead of offering closure. It becomes a valid creative option and enters a new dynamic into a postmodern culture of play where truth and meaning remain infinitely suspended in an ungrounded state of possibility. / Art History, Visual Arts and Music / M.A. (Visual Arts)

A dissertação objetiva defender a possibilidade do princípio da insignificância incidir sobre os atos de improbidade administrativa, à luz da hipótese analisada, na busca de uma interpretação mais humanizante ao viés extremamente sancionatório que a jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça aplica à Lei 8.429/92, ao impedir, sequer, cogitar-se do princípio nessa seara. Sem olvidar a relevância da moralidade administrativa, o escopo do trabalho é apenas o de abrir uma fresta para a possibilidade de cabimento do princípio da insignificância, enquanto fundamento de validade principiológica da eventual absolvição de acusados da prática de atos de improbidade administrativa, cuja conduta, na análise do caso concreto, tenha se revelado dotada de ofensividade mínima ao bem jurídico protegido. A relevância normativa dos princípios, bem como das garantias e limites constitucionais contra o poder punitivo do Estado, são decorrência do antropocentrismo que fundamenta a Constituição vigente, levando a Suprema Corte a estabelecer vetores de aplicação do princípio da insignificância, que devem ter a possibilidade de serem estendidos, quando cabíveis, ao julgamento dos atos de improbidade administrativa, seja pelos princípios da proporcionalidade e da razoabilidade, limitadores da discricionariedade, seja por princípios de comum cabimento no direito sancionador, diante do conceito universal de antijuridicidade. Por fim, tendências jurisprudenciais e normativas indicam a possibilidade de aplicação do princípio da insignificância aos atos de improbidade administrativa, para corrigir o entrave criado pelo absolutismo da posição que veda, por completo, a mera cogitação de incidência do princípio. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the likelihood of enforcing the principle of insignificance to administrative malfeasance, in view of the hypothesis analyzed, in the search for a more human approach rather than the extremely punitive perspective followed by the Brazilian superior court of justice in relation to Law 8.429/92, by completely disregarding the principle in this sense. Notwithstanding the importance of the administrative morality, the purpose of this paper is to simply look at the possibility of considering the principle of insignificance, as a valid principle of eventual acquittal of those accused of administrative malfeasance, and whose actions might have been perceived as offensive to the assets protected by the law through the analysis of the case. The normative relevance of the principles and the warranties and constitutional limitations against the punitive powers of the State arise from the anthropocentrism that supports the current Constitution, which cause the Brazilian superior court of justice to veto the enforcement of the principle of insignificance, which should be extended, whenever possible, to the judgment of administrative malfeasance, either through principles of proportionality and reasonability, which limit discretion, either through common principles common to the punitive law or to the universal concept of unlawfulness. Finally, case lawrelated and normative trends show the possibility of enforcing the principle of insignificance to administrative malfeasance to correct problems caused by the absolutism of the position that vetoes the possibility of the principle.