Female musicians and actors are being disadvanteged in the music industry, because of standards that prevents women from participating on equal terms. Unequal distribution of resources and status depends on power structures which creates an hierarchy. This study is about how an organization, Femtastic, works for equality and diversity in the field of music, how they experience their positions and their possibilities. Also how they relate to the cultural policy objectives. Femtastic is trying to create a structural change in the male-dominated music industry. The study was based on interviews with members from Femtastic and shows that all of the interviewed members have experienced different kinds of resistance in the music industry, because of their gender. Femtastic is an example of how other organizations can work with these issues in order to create an equal music industry, characterized by diversity. I’m using a gender and an intersectionalitative perspective. This is a qualitative study, the purpose is to problematize and observe inequalities. Also to bring a greater insight in the importance of having an intersectionality perspective when investigating gender equality issues. This perspective describes how various power structures interact and maintain each other. The study can support the development against inequalities based on categories such as gender, ethnicity and sexuality.

The purpose of the study was to look into the subjects which the students express when they cry out to their recreation instructor, if there are similarities and differences in the subjects when they turn to their recreation instructor or when they instead turn to their teacher, which different roles and positions the students place their recreation instructors and the teachers in. I have used focused observations during three days in two different schools. Using the ideas of J.Butler on performative perspective, I´ve analyzed the way the students have positioned their recreation instructors and teachers through speech and actions. My conclusion is that students early on see hierarchical structures in school and help maintaining them.

Women are often in charge of the drinking water supply of their family and, in particular women in poverty, areespecially affected when access to water is lacking. Lack of water access is mainly due to governance failures,with corruption as the central problem. Thus, addressing the gender aspects of corruption in the water sector isneeded. This study aims to provide a participatory analysis answering two questions: ‘Which problems do womenin low-income peri-urban areas of Bogotá experience in accessing drinking water and how do they relate theseproblems to corruption?’ And, ‘how can the impacts of lack of access to drinking water, be explained andanalysed in a context of intersectional power structures?’ A feminist qualitative methodological approach was used and implemented by performing focus groupswith women in community-based organisations in Bogotá, where the expertise of the women was thefundamental guiding concept. Results indicate that corruption is inseparable from lack to access water, that women in poorneighbourhoods are most affected. The (intersectional) characteristics of the area of residence was indicated asdetermining, why a human geography perspective is useful to analyse impacts of lack of access to water.

This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of how social workers relate to societal notions of gender, class, ethnicity and sexuality in meetings with clients. As the basis of the study, qualitative interviews were conducted with four social workers. The results were analyzed by means of an intersectional perspective. The respondents described that societal power structures were present in social work and affected the clients. Male clients with Western origins were experienced in most situations less vulnerable, depending on other present power relations. Clients with non-European origin were perceived as more vulnerable, while LGBTQI-identified clients largely were invisible. All the social workers emphasized the importance of questioning their own beliefs and prejudices at work, in order to provide good treatment towards the clients. Social workers felt that the power structures of gender, class, ethnicity and sexuality may affect their treatment towards the clients, in one way or another. / Denna studies syfte är att ge en djupare förståelse för hur socialarbetare förhåller sig till samhälleliga föreställningar om kön, klass, etnicitet och sexualitet i mötet med klienter. I studien genomfördes fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med socialarbetare, verksamma inom socialt arbete. Studiens resultat analyserades med hjälp av ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Resultatet visade att socialarbetarna ansåg att samhälleliga maktstrukturer var närvarande i det sociala arbetet och påverkade de klienter som sökte sig dit. Manliga klienter med västerländskt ursprung upplevdes i de flesta situationer som mindre utsatta i socialt arbete, beroende på vilka andra maktordningar som samspelar. Klienter med utomeuropeiskt ursprung upplevdes som mer utsatta medan hbtq-personer upplevdes vara mer osynliga. Samtliga socialarbetare framhävde vikten av att ifrågasätta egna föreställningar och fördomar i arbetet, för att kunna ge ett gott bemötande gentemot klienterna. Socialarbetarna upplevde att maktstrukturer kring kön, klass, etnicitet och sexualitet kan påverka deras bemötande på ett eller annat sätt.

The purpose of this study is to make it visible how children in need of special support are described in action plans, as well as what normative ideas we have about children's behavior and needs at preschool. The aim of the study has been answered with the support of the following questions: How are children in need of special support described? Which power structures or norms become visible in the design of the action plans? Which value-laden words are often used? Our study is a qualitative method where we analyze pre-written documents that are made for children in need of special support at preschool. To support our study, we have chosen to analyze our empirical material from an intersectional perspective, which is an analytical perspective that pays attention to the power structures that exist in our society and what they create for normative ideas about the human being. Based on our analysis, we obtained a result that shows that children are categorized as children in need of special support, when their behavior confuses and worries the staff at the preschool. Our results show how the power structures that exist in our society contribute to normative ideas about how children should be, what they should be able to do, and if children cannot live up to that, it is considered as something deviant. Our results show that preschool staff tend to have normative ideas about children's play, gender, age and ethnicity. Keywords: Documentation, expectations, power structures, norms, categories.

This is an exploratory study that applies the dominant theories of the community power structure literature to the trend of regional cluster-based economic development policy in order to develop a conceptual framework of the political/institutional context of this "new" approach. In order to develop a framework that can be utilized by practitioners, field studies were conducted in Austin, Texas; Portland, Oregon; Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina; Lynchburg, Virginia; and Roanoke, Virginia. The findings are that the major community power structure theories (i.e., market model, economic forces, civic culture, regime theory, the growth machine, and civic entrepreneurs) all provide important insights for the adoption of cluster-based policies. Other important factors that need to be considered are the importance of public administrators, performance metrics, state context, institutional arrangements, elected officials, tax structure, and historical path dependency. The implication for public administration is that the role of public administrators is contingent on the nature of the network governance structure. / Ph. D.

<p>The aim of this paper is to analyse the perceived power structures in ethnic and non-ethnic football clubs in the way that they are manifested by their respective leadership/administration. For this, three clubs from each respective group (six in total) have been chosen and representatives of each group have been interviewed. Additionally, a qualitative analysis is applied when dealing with the material which in this case implied that they are analysed through an original model that is based on Steven Lukes’s conception of the three dimensional views of power. The point of departure lies in the interviewed representatives giving their accounts of how their respective clubs utilises their control and how they handle certain situations and conflicts. Their accounts invariably reflect upon a particular approach which can be fitted into one or more of Lukes’s dimensional views, which will ultimately provide an overall picture of the perceived power structure within that association. The subsequently comparison of results can then be expected to indicate if there is any difference in perceived power structures between that of ethnic and non-ethnic football clubs. The result of this study would ultimately show that while some notable difference could be manifested on a macro level, there were such great disparities on the micro level that there were in fact greater differences between the individual clubs themselves than that between the clubs as ethnic/non-ethnic groups.</p>

This thesis revolves around my work Desirable Objects, an installation in glass and other materials, which deals with objectification based on female and animal trophies. The topics included are those that have been crucial to my working process; craft, post-colonial studies and European hierarchical dualism, where woman and nature are seen as connected, but inferior. My motivation has been to get a better understanding of underlying power structures, and put this knowledge in relation to my own work. This process has led me to make a full body casting of my own body as a method of self-exploitation, in an attempt to expose myself to a similar power perspective. By making the dualistic connection between woman and nature, I am commenting a phenomenon that in my view has resulted in a similar exploitation of both. / Åtråvärda objekt

<p>Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka lärares upplevelser kring makt i skolan. Studiens ambitioner handlade inte endast om hur lärare upplever sin egen makt, utan hur de upplever makt som fenomen i skolan. I bakgrunden ges en teoretisk referensram innehållande historik kring skolan och makt och vad läroplanen idag säger om makt. Även läraren och elever som maktutövare bearbetas, och olika strategier som dessa kan använda som går att finna i tidigare forskning beskrivs. I den teoretiska referensramen bearbetas även grupper och ledare.</p><p>Studien är en kvalitativ studie och metoden som använts är intervjuer. Intervjuerna har varit öppna i sin utformning och en intervjuguide med exempelfrågor har använts som stöd i dessa. Fem lärare i blandade åldrar och kön har medverkat i intervjuerna som tagits upp med hjälp av en digital diktafon. Resultatet av intervjuerna har först transkriberats till text och lästs och genomgåtts grundligt. Sedan har de transkriberade intervjuerna bearbetats och delats upp i olika mönster/teman för att sedan bearbetas med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen.</p><p>Resultaten i studien visade att läraryrket är ett mycket socialt yrke, där relationer står i fokus. Lärarna i studien talade om att de har en stor chans att påverka elever, främst genom att ha en god relation till dem. Det framgick även att lärarna i denna studie känner att de får stöd av skolan som organisation och att det kan påverka i mindre sakfrågor. I studien framkom det även att lärare upplever att makten bland elever är ojämnt fördelad, att det finns vissa elever som har mer makt. Det framkom att det ofta upplevs att det finns vissa ledartyper bland eleverna och att grupptryck är något som är ständigt närvarande, i större eller mindre utsträckning.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to examine what power relations are created or allowed by the structures of two very different development aid organizations. One organization is a Peruvian organization called ASDE, that recieves financial support from other organizations with different nationalities. The other is CARE Peru which is a Peruvian department of the international organization CARE International. It has become increasingly important in the global aid business to emphasize a partnership on equal premises and make sure that the donors do not have too much control over the aid given. This ideology does not only apply to the administrative level of aid but can also be applied to the relationship between the organization workers in the project area and the target group participants. The bottom-up structure ideal can be seen both as a goal in itself but also as a means to achieve efficiency and sustainability in the aid given. The two organizations compared are of very different structure, allowing me to examine and compare the power relations that the structures carry within. The empirical data was collected during a three months field study in Peru in the spring semester of 2010. The results of the study show that the two organizations have power relations embedded in the structures over which they in some cases have and in others do not have power. In addition to systems within the global aid business over which the organizations have no power, the power relations between organization employees and target group participants, as well as the level of participation of target group participants, are dependent on the purpose and strategies of the organization. These in turn depend on the structure of the organization. In this way the bigger structures of the organizations affect the level of participation and ownership on a local level. The study shows that it is more probable to achieve an equal relationship between workers and target group being a smaller, locally created organization. However, it also puts light on the difficulties created by global systems of development aid as well as the practical difficulties, when striving towards the ideals of equality, local ownership and participation.