The fashion industry is one of the most challenging sectors for sustainable development, comprising numerous social and environmental challenges. The industry is based on a complex network of global and fragmented supply chains leading to a lack of transparency. Therefore, transparency and supply chain traceability are core priorities in order to increase the fashion supply chain visibility and enable accountability. A potential solution to this issue is the application of new technologies. Blockchain is an emerging technology that has a potential to address the current issues and make supply chain processes more transparent.The combination of the emerging blockchain technology with the concept of transparency in fashion supply chains constitutes the novelty of the research and the contribution to the current body of knowledge. The environmental and social challenges regarding transparency in fashion supply chains are analysed using the theories for Green Supply Chain Management and supply chain power structures. The study relies on interviews with blockchain professionals and industry experts in supply chains and sustainable fashion.The study finds that blockchain has the potential to become the single source of truth for the fashion supply chain and provide transparency across the supply chain. However, this advancement of transparency can only occur in a less complex fashion supply chain with a balanced power structure and more collaboration than the current standard.

Bakgrund: Skolans värdegrund bygger på tanken om alla människors lika värde och skolan ska arbeta för att motverka maktstrukturer som exempelvis könsmönster och rasism. Under sin grundskoleutbildning får elever ta del av en stor mängd skönlitteratur, vilket delvis sker genom läroböcker. I skönlitterära texter förekommer det olika karaktärsbeskrivningar, miljöer och värden som kan bidra till att olika maktstrukturer skapas och förmedlas genom språket både implicit och explicit. Dessa maktstrukturer skapas inte enbart genom att olika identiteiskategorier som kön, klass, och etnicitet verkar enskilt, utan även genom att de samverkar med varandra. Då den statliga granskningen av läromedel upphörde på tidigt 1990-tal i samband med att skolan blev kommunal medförde detta att det inte längre finns någon garanti för att de läromedel som används är i enighet med skolans värdegrund. Detta gör att det blir av betydelse att granska läromedel. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet visar övergripande att skönlitterära texter i läromedel förmedlar normreproducerande konstruktioner av det manliga och kvinnliga könet samt att det manliga västerländska konstrueras som normen. Forskningen visar även övergripande att konstruktioner av klass, kön, och etnicitet samverkar och bidrar till att skapa maktstrukturer där det icke-västerländska positioneras i underläge mot det västerländska samt det kvinnliga positioneras i underläge mot det manliga. Syfte: Uppsatsens huvudsyfte är att problematisera hur olika konstruktioner av kön, klass och etnicitet skapas och samverkar genom karaktärsbeskrivningar i läromedlet Zick Zack Läsrummet åk 4–6. Uppsatsens kompletterande syfte är att problematisera om och isåfall hur olika maktstrukturer konstrueras genom karaktärsbeskrivningarna. Metod: För att uppfylla syftet med studien och besvara frågeställningarna har en kvalitativ textanalys som är inspirerad av ett fåtal diskursanalytiska utgångspunkter tillämpats på skönlitterära texter från läromedlet Zick Zack Läsrummet åk 4–6. Resultat: Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att karaktärerna i läroböckerna till största del är normreproducerande. Undersökningen visar att kön, klass och etnicitet skapas och samverkar genom i huvudsak normreproducerande konstruktioner och därmed befäster maktstrukturer. Vår övergripande analys visar att maktstrukturerna "manligt överordnat kvinnligt", och "västerländskt överordnat icke-västerländskt" skapas genom karaktärsbeskrivningarna i de skönlitterära texterna.

This thesis presents a study combined of a quantitative content analysis and a discourse analysis and aims to investigate women’s representation in news articles about the 2018 wildfires. The representation is examined in two ways, to what extent and how women were represented. To structure the examination the theory symbolic annihilation is used. Symbolic annihilation includes three different aspects of women’s representation in media; absence, condemnation and trivialization. Each one of these aspects is scrutinized on whether they occur in the news articles about the 2018 wildfires. The results show that all except one of these aspects is materialized in the news articles. Women are represented to a lesser extent than men and often in gender-based roles, but contrary to the theory they are also represented in traditionally male roles without being condemned for it. Furthermore, this thesis also aims to explain the results of the representation of women in the news articles. To achieve this the theory poststructuralistic feminism is used. More specifically to analyze the results using the theoretical ideas about discourse, subjectivity and gendered power structures. The analyze show that the gendered power structures that exist in our society affects the crisis discourse and therefore also the representation of women in it. Why women were represented in traditionally male roles was explained by subjectivity and the individual’s power to change discourses.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur förskollärare beskriver barns fria lek i förskolan, och de maktstrukturer som kan uppstå mellan vuxna och barn ur ett postmodernt perspektiv. Studiens metodansats är kvalitativ och undersöker ämnet med hjälp av intervjuer som metod. Studiens resultat bygger på nio semistrukturerade intervjuer, och visar att förskollärares subjektiva beskrivningar av barns fria lek kan förstås utifrån vad som kännetecknar en bra lek. En lek som främjar barns utveckling och lärande. Dessutom visar resultatet en beskrivning av hur maktobalansen mellan vuxna och barn tar sig uttryck i förskolans fria lek, vilket ter sig genom vuxnas regler och ramar, samt barns strategier att tänja på dessa. Vidare visar resultatet att förskollärares förhållningssätt till barns strategier att bryta maktkonstruktioner mellan vuxna och barn, kan påverka deras utrymme till subjektskapande och aktörskap i den fria leken. Studiens slutsats visar att den fria leken inte är fri, utan förhåller sig till vuxnas regler och ramar som i sin tur styrs av förskolans styrdokument. / The aim of this study is to investigate how preschool teacher’s describe children's free play in preschool, and powerstructures that can arise between adults and children through a postmodern lens. The studys method approach is qualitative and examines the subject by interviews. The study's result is based on nine semi- structured interviews and reveals the subjective descriptions of children's free play, that can be understood by the discourse regarding free play as developmental and learning. The result also reveals that there appears to be a power imbalance between adults and children in the preschool. Furthermore, the study’s result shows that preschool teachers' approach to the strategies which children use to break power structures between adults and children, can affect their subject creation and agency in their free play. The study's conclusion is that children´s free play isn´t free, but relates to the rules and frameworks of adults which in turn is governed by the preschool’s governing document.

This thesis covers the history of the MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) genre by creating a chronological historical timeline of some of the most catalytic titles. It also delves deeper into the dynamic between modders and companies and how that dynamic changed as the genre evolved. All of this is analyzed through a political economy lens, to see how the power structure and monetization plan for the games in the genre has changed over the years. The research was conducted by piecing together relevant academic papers, with popular sources to construct a credible thesis on the MOBA genre's evolution. One of the key points from this research is how monetization has changed from the beginning of the genre to how it is today. Roughly 20 years ago, when the genre first started, monetization was more straightforward, a one-time purchase for the game. Today, most games in the genre are free-to-play, while containing in-game purchases such as cosmetics and character unlocks.

The thesis in this essay states that Ántonia Shimerda and Lena Lingard in My Ántonia achieve a higher degree of woman emancipation because of their active response to prevailing power structures and that Cather uses the hardships and disappointments of these young women to highlight these power structures. Therefore, My Ántonia can be regarded as a novel taking a stand against patriarchal power structures. The primary text is My Ántonia by Willa Cather, which is analysed with the help of Foucault’s theory of power and Judith Butler’s gender theories. The essay discusses which power structures are affecting Ántonia Shimerda and Lena Lingard and how these obtain a higher degree of woman emancipation due to their response to these power structures. Furthermore, the essay also deals with which inequalities in society that are highlighted by Cather in My Ántonia and how this is made.

This essay focuses on exploring power structures within George Orwell's narratives 1984 andAnimal Farm, through the theoretical lens of Panopticism and the discourse of language andpower. By adding Steven Lukes' multidimensional view of power it digs deep into thecomplexity of power relations and further enriches our understanding of the subject. Whenreflecting on power as a phenomenon rooted in privileged access to social resources, theshaping of language use, and the exercise of power through language strategies Foucault'sPanopticism clarifies the layers of societal intricacies and offers a fresh perspective on thetimeless themes embedded in these literary works.

In her 2007 essay “Slow Death (Sovereignty, Obesity, Lateral Agency),” Lauren Berlant asserts that “in the scene of slow death, a condition of being worn out by the activity of reproducing life, agency can be an activity of maintenance” (759). This concept emphasizes the difficulty of maintaining one’s agency while experiencing chronic exhaustion, or what can be referred to as the “wearied state.” Utilizing Berlant’s theoretical framework, this thesis investigates the concept of weariness in two dystopic texts: Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) and Oryx and Crake (2003). The respective protagonists of The Handmaid’s Tale and Oryx and Crake, Offred and Oryx, each struggle to maintain their agency in the dystopic societies that work to oppress them. Offred, by utilizing wordplay, locates a way to successfully navigate her weariness while simultaneously subverting these who hold power over her. Oryx, oppositely, fails to recognize the sexual power dynamics of her position as a sex slave. Oryx fails to locate her agency, which causes her to normalize her sexually traumatic past. Overall, this thesis argues that weariness need not be final if one makes no attempt to normalize traumatic experiences, remains privy to oppressive ideologies, and retains the ability to cope.

<p>The study explores how struggles for social justice by Guatemalan and Ecuadorian indigenous peasant movements are affected by ethno-politics (the strategic political use of ethnicity), by using a comparative historical approach incorporating structural change and strategic agency. The analysis revolves around the partly enduring, partly changing oligarchic structures. The choice of the countries rests primarily upon the composition of their respective oligarchic classes. In Guatemala, the despotic agrarian oligarchs have dominated for much of the past century; whereas in Ecuador, the oligarchy was divided into an agrarian and a modernist fraction.</p><p>Scholars often locate ethnic politicisation in Latin America within the context of a shift from ‘national popular’ and ‘corporatist’ political orders toward political and economic liberalisation. This shift supposedly unleashed ethnic identities which were previously subordinated by the way indigenous communities were politically incorporated. This study shows that dramatic openings for ethnic politicisation in the 1990s occurred where corporatism had been weak and oligarchic structures persisted. But the elites were unable to use ethnicity as a tool for hegemonic control. Due to the oligarchic legacy, class discourses could not be prevented from being reproduced, and ethnic ones were politicised in a way that is dysfunctional to the elites’ effort to politically disarm the rural poor. Another finding is that the persisting influence of the agrarian oligarchy made the Guatemalan movement more focused on the land struggle and more unwilling/unable to integrate into the political arena prescribed by those in control of the state. In Ecuador, the demise of the agrarian oligarchy and the rise of a strong neo-liberal fraction constituted the context within which the movement moved away from the land struggle. It accessed the ethno-political spaces more firmly but resembled the Guatemalan movement in keeping its strategy of mass mobilisation.</p>

<p>The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive.</p><p>The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure.</p><p>The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements. Gender rolls and their maintanace are the reason of the existing gender segregation on the labour market. The importance of an increased knowledge of how gender is created and recreated within the organisation are necessary to make a difference and that knowledge are important for men as well as for women.</p>