In this doctoral dissertation three proposed approaches were evaluated using two databases of different languages, one American-English and one Greek. The proposed approaches were compared to the state-of-the-art models in the phone duration modelling task. The SVR model outperformed all the other individual models evaluated in this dissertation. Their ability to outperform all the other models is mainly based on their advantage of coping in a better way with high-dimensionality feature spaces in respect to the other models used in phone duration modelling, which makes them appropriate even for the case when the amount of the training data would be small respectively to the number of the feature set used. The proposed fusion scheme, taking advantage of the observation that different prediction algorithms perform better in different conditions, when implemented with SVR (SVR-fusion), contributed to the improvement of the phone duration prediction accuracy over that of the best individual model (SVR). Furthermore the SVR-fusion model managed to reduce the outliers in respect to the best individual model (SVR). Moreover, the proposed two-stage scheme using individual phone duration models as feature constructors in the first stage and feature vector extension (FVE) in the second stage, implemented with SVR (SVR-FVE), improved the prediction accuracy over the best individual predictor (SVR), and the SVR-fusion scheme and moreover managed to reduce the outliers in respect to the other two proposed schemes (SVR and SVR-fusion). The SVR two-stage scheme confirms in this way their advantage over all the other algorithms of coping well with high-dimensionality feature sets. The improved accuracy of phone duration modelling contributes to a better control of the prosody, and thus quality of synthetic speech. Furthermore, the first proposed method (SVR) was also evaluated on the phone duration modelling task in emotional speech, outperforming all the state-of-the-art models in all the emotional categories. Finally, perceptual tests were performed evaluating the impact of the proposed phone duration models to synthetic speech. The perceptual test for both the databases confirmed the results of objective tests showing the improvement achieved by the proposed models in the naturalness of synthesized speech. / Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται προβλήματα που αφορούν στο χώρο της τεχνολογίας ομιλίας, με στόχο την μοντελοποίηση προσωδίας με χρήση τεχνικών μηχανικής μάθησης στα πλαίσια ουδέτερης και συναισθηματικής συνθετικής ομιλίας. Μελετήθηκαν τρεις καινοτόμες μέθοδοι μοντελοποίησης προσωδίας, οι οποίες αξιολογήθηκαν με αντικειμενικά τεστ και με υποκειμενικά τεστ ποιότητας ομιλίας για την συνεισφορά τους στην βελτίωση της ποιότητα της συνθετικής ομιλίας: Η πρώτη τεχνική μοντελοποίησης διάρκειας φωνημάτων, βασίζεται στην μοντελοποίηση με χρήση Μηχανών Υποστήριξης Διανυσμάτων (Support Vector Regression – SVR). Η μέθοδος αυτή δεν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί έως σήμερα στην πρόβλεψη διάρκειας φωνημάτων. Η μέθοδος αυτή συγκρίθηκε και ξεπέρασε σε απόδοση όλες τις μεθόδους της επικρατούσας τεχνολογίας (state-of-the-art) στη μοντελοποίηση της διάρκειας φωνημάτων. Η δεύτερη τεχνική, βασίζεται στην μοντελοποίηση διάρκειας φωνημάτων με συνδυαστικό μοντέλο πολλαπλών προβλέψεων. Συγκεκριμένα, οι προβλέψεις διάρκειας φωνημάτων από ένα σύνολο ανεξάρτητων μοντέλων πρόβλεψης διάρκειας φωνημάτων χρησιμοποιούνται ως είσοδος σε ένα μοντέλο μηχανικής μάθησης, το οποίο συνδυάζει τις εξόδους από τα ανεξάρτητα μοντέλα πρόβλεψης και επιτυγχάνει μοντελοποίηση της διάρκειας φωνημάτων με μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια, μειώνοντας επιπλέον και τα μεγάλα σφάλματα (outliers), δηλαδή τα σφάλματα που βρίσκονται μακριά από το μέσο όρο των σφαλμάτων. Η τρίτη τεχνική, είναι μια μέθοδος μοντελοποίησης διάρκειας φωνημάτων δύο σταδίων με κατασκευή νέων χαρακτηριστικών και επέκταση του διανύσματος χαρακτηριστικών. Συγκεκριμένα, στο πρώτο στάδιο, ένα σύνολο ανεξάρτητων μοντέλων πρόβλεψης διάρκειας φωνημάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται ως παραγωγοί νέων χαρακτηριστικών εμπλουτίζουν το διάνυσμα χαρακτηριστικών. Στο δεύτερο στάδιο, το εμπλουτισμένο διάνυσμα χρησιμοποιείται για να εκπαιδευτεί ένα μοντέλο πρόβλεψης διάρκειας φωνημάτων το οποίο επιτυγχάνει υψηλότερη απόδοση σε σχέση με όλες τις προηγούμενες μεθόδους, και μειώνει τα μεγάλα σφάλματα. Επιπλέον εφαρμόστηκε η πρώτη μέθοδος σε συναισθηματική ομιλία. Το προτεινόμενο SVR μοντέλο επιτυγχάνει την υψηλότερη απόδοση συγκρινόμενο με όλα τα state-of-the-art μοντέλα. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν υποκειμενικά τεστ ποιότητας ομιλίας ώστε να αξιολογηθεί η συνεισφορά των τριών προτεινόμενων μεθόδων στη βελτίωση της ποιότητας της συνθετικής ομιλίας. Τα τεστ αυτά επιβεβαίωσαν την αξία των προτεινόμενων μεθόδων και τη συνεισφορά τους στη βελτίωση της ποιότητας στην συνθετική ομιλία.

Submitted by Roberta Pereira Fiel (roh_fiel@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-02T12:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FIEL_RP_2018_Estudo longitudinal de hipossegmentações no Ensino Fundamental II.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-05-02T23:42:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fiel_rp_me_sjrp_int.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T23:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fiel_rp_me_sjrp_int.pdf: 4063414 bytes, checksum: 7f6aacb0e843d3a08ad7154b8bdb3dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação trata da caracterização longitudinal da escrita de alunos do EF II no que diz respeito às chamadas hipossegmentações de palavras escritas – como “puraqui” (“por aqui”), nas quais há a ausência não-convencional de fronteira gráfica. Nossos objetivos são: (i) identificar, por meio de análise quantitativa, se há correlação (ou não) entre número de hipossegmentações e tempo de escolarização; e (ii) descrever qualitativamente as hipossegmentações, quanto a aspectos prosódicos dos enunciados falados e aspectos gráficos relativos às informações da própria convenção ortográfica. Para alcançar esses objetivos, nos baseamos, por um lado, em aparato teórico da fonologia prosódica, modelo relation-based, que concebe a existência de sete constituintes prosódicos que estruturam os enunciados das línguas do mundo; por outro lado, em abordagem da escrita como constituída de modo heterogêneo. Dos resultados obtidos na análise quantitativa, destacamos que há correlação entre aumento dos anos de escolarização e diminuição de ocorrência de hipossegmentação. No que se refere aos resultados quantitativos das estruturas envolvidas, destacamos: (i) a junção entre clítico e palavra prosódica é a característica do maior conjunto de dados; (ii) a junção entre dois clíticos é a segunda estrutura mais recorrente, predominando a hipossegmentação “oque”; (iii) a junção entre duas palavras prosódicas, a terceira mais recorrente no material analisado, decorre da mobilização de várias características linguísticas, como a hipossegmentação de estruturas perifrásticas que constituem exemplos de mudança linguística em curso; (iv) a junção de palavra prosódica e clítico é a estrutura menos recorrente, sendo a maioria dos dados decorrente da combinação de palavras com a ausência do hífen, que levou à formação de possíveis palavras prosódicas; (v) a junção envolvendo mais de uma palavra prosódica e/ou clítico ocorreu apenas em três dados, que abrangem estruturas como a frase entoacional e o enunciado fonológico. No que se refere aos resultados qualitativos, a partir de análise de cunho linguístico-textual, os casos em que há a flutuação entre convencional e não-convencional: (i) se distinguem entre si pela configuração prosódica, gramatical e linguística-textual; (ii) são indícios mais explícitos da inserção dos alunos em práticas orais/faladas e letradas/escritas; (ii) são marcas do complexo processo que envolve o Outro como instância representativa da linguagem (e da escrita em particular), a escrita na complexidade de seu funcionamento (heterogeneamente constituída) e o aluno enquanto sujeito escrevente. A principal contribuição desta dissertação está em: (i) fazer análise quantitativa e qualitativa de hipossegmentações no EF II; e (ii) evidenciar a complexidade que subjaz às relações entre prosódia e escrita por meio da segmentação não-convencional de palavras. / This work deals with the longitudinal characterization of the writing by students from Junior High School (EF II in Brazil) with respect to the hyposegmentations of written words in which there is the unconventional absence of graphic frontier (e.g. "puraqui" - "por aqui" in Portuguese - "around here" in English). To reach these objectives, we are based on a theoretical apparatus of prosodic phonology, on the one hand, a relation-based model, which conceives the existence of seven prosodic constituents that structure the utterances of the world's languages; and, on the other hand, in the approach of writing as constituted in a heterogeneous way. From the results obtained in the quantitative analysis, we highlight that is a correlation between the increase in the years of schooling and a decrease in the occurrence of hyposegmentations. Regarding the quantitative results of the structures, we highlight: (i) the junction between clitic and prosodic word is the characteristic of the largest data set; (ii) the junction between two clitics is the second most recurrent structure; (iii) the junction between two prosodic words, the third most recurrent in the material analyzed, derives from the mobilization of several linguistic characteristics, such as the hyposegmentation of periphrastic structures that are examples of linguistic change in progress; (iv) the prosodic and clitic word junction is the least recurrent structure, most of which results from the combination of words with the absence of the hyphen, which led to the formation of possible prosodic words; (v) the junction involving more than one prosodic and / or clitic word occurred only in three data, covering structures such as the intonational phrase and phonological utterance. Regarding the qualitative results, from a linguistic-textual analysis, we highlight that the cases in which there is a fluctuation between conventional and unconventional are: (i) distinguished by their prosodic, grammatical and linguistic-textual configuration ; (ii) more explicit indications of students' insertion into oral / spoken practices and literacy / written practices; (ii) marks of the complex process involving the Other as an instance representative of language (and writing in particular), writing in the complexity of its functioning (heterogeneously constituted) and the student as a writing subject. The main contribution of this work is: (i) to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of hyposegmentations in by students from Junior High School (EF II) in Brazil Elementary School; and (ii) to show the complexity that underlies the relations between prosody and writing through unconventional segmentation of words. / FAPESP (Processo Nº 2015/26763-6)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ds_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4693120 bytes, checksum: ac0e9a0c46593fd4bab80819608c224c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de... / This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gladis Massini-Cagliari / Banca: Gisela Collischonn / Banca: Flaviane Romani Fernandes Svartman / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Marcia Valeria Zamboni Gobbi / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Self-help counselling is an important industry that not only influences its immediate users’ behavior but also society and social behaviors more generally. Since New Ageis a main branch of self-help, and since positivity is a dominant concept in (New Age) self-help discourse, it is worth analyzing how positivity might be achieved in terms of language use. The present study investigates whether the adjectives in a couple of New Age publications contribute to communicating positivity and, if yes, how. What adjectives are used and how can they be categorized in terms of positive, negative, neutral or undetermined connotations as well as semantic prosody? The findings support the hypothesis that the use of “positive adjectives” (Rozin, Berman & Royzman, 2010, p. 536) is what helps to make New Age self-help books convey a positive spirit.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-22T12:39:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaribeirodovallecoutinho.pdf: 6874504 bytes, checksum: dcfac5bfe827dd30517321e4731c09ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-22T17:30:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaribeirodovallecoutinho.pdf: 6874504 bytes, checksum: dcfac5bfe827dd30517321e4731c09ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaribeirodovallecoutinho.pdf: 6874504 bytes, checksum: dcfac5bfe827dd30517321e4731c09ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-15 / Prosódia e cognição são os temas centrais do presente trabalho. Reivindica-se o lugar da fonologia na representação formal de construções gramaticais, uma vez que emparelhadas com informações semânticas, sintáticas e pragmáticas estão as informações fonológicas. A partir de contribuições teóricas da Linguística Cognitiva, o conceito de fonema é revisto, sendo tratado em termos de categoria de base corpórea e unidade construcional. Para essa nova visão, é fundamental, ao tratar do fenômeno, uma concepção que envolva a aquisição, o uso e a frequência de construções da língua. Ao se direcionar a atenção para o nível suprassegmental, enfatiza-se a função que a prosódia desempenha na interpretação e na negociação de sentidos. Defende-se que há uma ação conjunta e coordenada na produção da melodia da fala. A fim de analisar como a entoação pode apontar para a construção do significado, foi realizada, através de um programa computacional (PRAAT), a leitura acústica de dados de fala semiespontânea. Os resultados da submissão dos dados foram descritos no sentido de se observar as curvas da Frequência Fundamental (F0) nos trechos que encerram as respostas de entrevistados em coletivas de imprensa. A hipótese é a de que os contornos melódicos nessa transição de turno são descendentes e uma das razões para isso é o desgaste da pressão subglotal que ocorre no fluxo da fala. Outro ponto discutido é que a ação das pregas vocais pode ser considerada um caso particular entre as gestualidades produzidas pelo nosso aparato físico e perceptual. Estabelecendo uma projeção metafórica entre o domínio da coletiva de imprensa e o domínio da guerra, aposta-se na analogia entre os gestos produzidos pelas pregas vocais e os gestos dos braços em um combate. Enfim, quanto mais gestos "sonoros", de alta F0, ocorrem, maior é o poder de combate interacional do falante, na luta pelo turno. Se a F0 decai, dá-se a entrega do turno. São movimentos de caráter físico que estão estreitamente relacionados com o simbolismo conceptual da linguagem. / Prosody and cognition are the central subjects of the present work. The place of phonology in the formal representation of constructions is demanded, since phonological information is paired with semantic, syntactic and pragmatic information. From theoretical contributions of Cognitive Linguistic, the concept of phoneme is reviewed and reformulated with the notions of phoneme as an embodied category and phoneme as a constructional unit. For this new vision, it is fundamental a conception that involves the acquisition, the use and the frequency of language. To direct the attention for the suprassegmental level, it is emphasized the function that the prosody performs in the interpretation and management of meaning. One defends that there is a joint and coordinated action in the production of speech s melody. In order to analyze how the intonation can point out to the construction of meaning, an acoustics reading of data was accomplished through a computation program (PRAAT). The results of the submission of the data were described in order to observe the curves of fundamental frequency (F0) in the stretches that close the interviewed answers in the press conference. The work hypothesis is that the turn transition is configured by falling contours and one of the reasons for this is the deterioration of the subglotal pressure in the flow of the speech. Another point is that the action of vocal folds can be considered a particular case between the gestures produced by our physical and perceptual apparatus. From a metaphorical extension of the press conference's domain and the war's domain, it can be speculated the analogy between the gestures produced by the focal folds and the gestures of the arms in a combat.

Inscrite dans le champ de l’analyse du discours en interaction, notre thèse propose une étude des formes et des fonctions des discours rapportés (DR) dans le cadre des six débats télévisés de l’entre-deux-tours des présidentielles ayant eu lieu en France entre 1974 et 2012. Il y est question de déterminer avec précision à quoi sert le DR — dont on pourrait penser qu’il n’est pas véritablement constitutif du genre — dans ces interactions où chacun des candidats poursuit les objectifs particuliers de s’autopromouvoir et de délégitimer son adversaire.L’analyse détaillée des quelques quatre cents extraits recensés dans le corpus montre que les DR répondent, selon leur lieu d’apparition dans l’échange en cours, la nature de leur source (l’adversaire, un tiers extérieur au débat ou le locuteur lui-même) et leur teneur propositionnelle, à trois différentes visées qualifiables d’autopromotionnelle, de défensive et de polémique — visées auxquelles contribuent en outre parfois leur mode de mise en scène para- et non verbale (mouvements de la voix, mais aussi mimiques, postures, regards et gestuelles déployés par le locuteur conjointement au DR).Répondant ainsi à une intuition de départ, ce travail met à jour le fait que non seulement les discours rapportés sont mis au service des objectifs spécifiques des candidats lors des débats, mais encore qu’ils occupent, selon la nature de leur source, des fonctions différentes mais complémentaires (fonctions relatives à la dynamique des échanges et à l’élaboration d’un discours en confrontation, fonctions strictement argumentatives ou encore fonctions relatives à la finalité des débats en eux-mêmes). / Grounded in the framework of the discourse-in-interaction analysis, this work analyses the forms and functions of reported speech within the six second-round debates of the French presidential election taking place in France between 1974 and 2012. Its object is to precisely determine the purpose of reported speech (which one might think that it is not truly constitutive of the genre) within these interactions in which candidates’main aims are self-promotion and the opponent depreciation.By analysing in details the almost four hundreds extracts recorded in the corpus, our work shows that reported speeches aim, depending on their place within the exchanges, their source (the opponent, a third party or the speaker) and their propositional content, three different purposes we can consider as self-promotion, defence and argument — these purposes can be furthermore supported by some para- and non-verbal elements (voice movements, facial expression, posture, eye expression and gesture deployed at the same time).Following an initial intuition, this study reveals that not only reported speeches serve the candidates’ main goals during debates, but also, depending on their source, they assure different and complementary functions (functions serving the dynamic within the exchanges and the construction of a speech in confrontation, functions exclusively argumentative, or also functions relating to the debates global purpose). / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés s'accompagnent souvent de déficits cognitifs et émotionnels. Les plus récents travaux mettent en relation la cognition, la motivation et les émotions dans la présentation cliniques des troubles schizophréniques. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire les troubles de la reconnaissance des émotions, du sentiment subjectif et des réactions physiologiques liées aux émotions dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'influence des troubles cognitifs et de l'apathie sur les processus émotionnels est également explorée. Dans une première étude, nous avons mis en évidence l'introduction de biais dans la reconnaissance des émotions dans deux modalités sensorielles (visuelle et auditive).Dans l'étude suivante, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'influence des troubles des fonctions exécutives dans le sentiment subjectif des émotions. A l'aide d'extrait de films, nous avons montré qu'un trouble des fonctions exécutives pouvait entraîner l'introduction d'un ressenti émotionnel nuancé dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'apathie est un trouble fréquent dans la schizophrénie et peut influencer les processus émotionnels. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'apathie sur les réactions physiologiques induites par les émotions. Nous avons montré que la sévérité de l'apathie était corrélée à une diminution de l'activité électrodermale lors de l'induction d'émotions positives. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent un impact des troubles cognitifs et motivationnels sur les processus émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. Ces travaux nous encouragent à explorer les bases cérébrales de l'interaction entre émotion et cognition dans la schizophrénie. Des applications cliniques sont également discutées. / Stabilized schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive and emotional deficits. Recent works adopted a dynamic view of the relationship between cognition; motivation and emotion in schizophrenia. The objective of this work was to describe the impairments of recognition; subjective feelings and physiological reactions related to emotions in stabilized schizophrenia. The influence of cognitive impairment and apathy on the emotional processes was also explored. In a first study on a group of 23 patients with schizophrenia; we highlighted the introduction of bias in the recognition of emotion in two sensory modalities (visual and auditory). In the next study; we investigated the influence of executive function disorders in the subjective feeling of emotions. With film excerpts; we showed that a disorder in executive functions could lead the introduction of a mixed subjective feeling in schizophrenia. Apathy is a common disorder in schizophrenia and may influence emotional processes. In a third study; we investigated the impact of apathy on physiological reactions induced by emotion. We have shown that the severity of apathy was correlated with a decrease in electrodermal activity during induction of positive emotions. The results of these studies show an impact of cognitive and motivational disturbances in emotional processes in stabilized schizophrenia. This work encourages us to explore the neural bases of the interaction between emotion and cognition in schizophrenia. Clinical applications are also discussed.

The thesis is focused on the emotional states classification in the Matlab program, using neural networks and the classifier which is based on a combination of Gaussian density functions. It deals with the speech signal processing; the prosodic and spectral signs and the MFCC coefficients were extracted from the signal. The work also deals with the quality evaluation of individual signs of which the most suitable were chosen in order to provide the correct classification of emotional states. In order to identify the emotional states, two different methods were used. The first method of classification was the use of neural networks with differently selected parameters, and the second method was the use of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In both methods, a database of emotional utterances was divided into the training group and the test group. The testing was based on a method independent of the speaker. The work also includes the comparison of individual analyzed methods as well as the representation and comparison of the results. The conclusion comprises a proposition for the best parameters and the best classifier for the recognition of the speaker’s emotional state.

The diploma thesis focuses on classification of emotions. Thesis deals about parameterization of sounds files by suprasegment and segment methods with regard for next used of these methods. Berlin database is used. This database includes many of sounds records with emotions. Parameterization creates files, which are divided to two parts. First part is used for training and second part is used for testing. Point of interest is self-organization network. Thesis includes Matlab´s program which can be used for parameterization of any database. Data are classified by self-organization network after parameterization. Results of hits rates are presented at the end of this diploma thesis.