The purpose of the degree project is to investigate how the teacher adapts the teaching and relates to pupils who have no reading motivation, especially those who have reading difficulties. In order to answer this question, I have chosen to do a qualitative interview study. In the study, four active teachers participated. The purpose of the study is to examine what they have experienced and learned during their employment as teachers. For pupils with reading difficulties to be able to access the literature, all the interviewed teachers think the pupils may need different aids, for example audiobooks. All the interviewed teachers agree that the pupils need to read things they are interested in and that the book is at the right level so that the reading does not become burdensome. It is important that the pupils get a positive attitude of reading. Most of the interviewed teachers discuss the importance of pupils seeing the teacher read in a motivating way. The teacher should make reading aloud fun by asking many questions, discussing various dilemmas, and talking about the pictures. / Examensarbetets syfte är att undersöka hur läraren anpassar undervisningen och förhåller sig till elever som inte har någon läsmotivation, i synnerhet de som har lässvårigheter. För att svara på denna frågeställning har jag valt att göra en kvalitativ intervjustudie. I studien har fyra verksamma lärare deltagit. Målet med studien är att undersöka vad de har upplevt och lärt sig under sin anställning som lärare. För att elever med lässvårigheter ska kunna ta del av litteraturen tycker de samtliga intervjuade lärarna att eleverna kan behöva olika hjälpmedel, till exempel inläst material. Alla de intervjuade lärarna är även överens om att eleverna behöver läsa sådant som de är intresserade av och att boken är i rätt nivå för att läsningen inte ska bli betungande. Det är av stor vikt att eleverna får en positiv attityd till läsning. Lärarna i studien diskuterar vikten av att eleverna ska se läraren läsa på ett lustfyllt sätt. Läraren ska göra högläsningen lustfylld genom att ställa många frågor, diskutera olika dilemman och prata om bilderna.

The aim of this study is to find out how middle school teachers, who works in central Stockholm, work with fiction in the Swedish subject to promote the pupils’ motivation in reading fiction and what kind of materials they use to do so. This means that the study aims to investigate the teachers' perspectives in the work of promoting motivation for reading fiction. The methods used to collect material is semi-structured interviews and observations. The material in this study is collected from three teachers. The study is based on the socio-cultural perspective and the motivation theory.  The result shows that the teachers is aware of the importance to practice reading, therefore they all inform and talk to the pupils about it. The teachers perform their work in different ways, but they mostly use the same methods in teaching to increase pupils reading motivation. An example that shows the similarities and differences between the teachers is that the teachers seek support from the school librarian, but different amount of support, so that the librarian can help them find books and shape or plan teaching in a way that promotes motivation and the desire to read.   All three teachers use technical aids to access materials or the materials they have created in preparation for the lessons. However, the focus is not on the technical material itself but on the content that the teachers create by using the technical materials.

Comics, graphic novels, and manga differ appreciably from textual narrative formats, and materials with increasingly visual elements have found their way into progressive and student-centered library collections. But many educators and librarians still resist inclusion of graphic narratives in school libraries and devalue the reading practice of students who prefer more visual texts. Using the framework of radical change, which posits that both text conventions and reader expectations for text are increasingly multimodal as they possess characteristics of evolving digital media, this study considered the relationship of the characteristics of text individual students prefer, particularly those they select from the school library, and their attitudes towards aspects of reading practice as evidenced through the Adolescent Motivation to Read Profile instrument. Survey data was supplemented with circulation history from the library management system to inform a correlational study punctuating attitudinal differences based on reader preferences. Findings include high school students who engage with graphic narrative text formats reporting more favorable views of libraries and reading. There is a demonstrable distinction in attitudes between students who prefer more visual text when compared with peers with more traditional print affinities. Student engaging with graphic narrative texts also report more frequent engagement with text overall. These demonstrated relationships should help to legitimize the inclusion of more graphic narrative text formats in school library collections.

Det centrala ämnet för studien är skolbibliotekets roll för elevers läsmotivation. Tidigare forskning har visat att det saknas kunskap inom området. Det har också visat sig att det skiljer sig mellan olika skolors skolbibliotek även om Skollagen trycker på att det ska finnas en likvärdighet för elevers tillgång till skolbibliotek. Studiens syfte med denna uppsats är att öka kunskapen om hur lärare uppfattar skolbibliotekets roll för att främja elevers läsmotivation vid skolor i Sävsjö kommun. För att undersöka lärarnas uppfattningar om skolbibliotekets roll för elevers läsmotivation används den sociokognitiva motivationsteorin i kombination med en kvalitativ analys med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. I studien intervjuades åtta olika lärare på fyra olika skolor i Sävsjö kommun. Detta för att se på likheter och skillnader inom kommunen. Det har visat sig i studien att det finns goda förutsättningar för skolbiblioteket att fungera som en motivationshöjare i form av det utbud som erbjuds samt lärares arbete med att inkludera skolbiblioteket i undervisningen. Utbudet i skolbiblioteken uppdateras årligen med nya böcker som lärare och elever får vara med och tipsa om. Samarbetet mellan lärarna och de ansvariga i skolbiblioteken/skolbibliotekarierna är näst intill obefintligt även att det visat sig att ett gott samarbete gynnar elevers läsmotivation. Trots detta finns det en efterfrågan att öka samarbete från båda parterna. / The central theme of the study is the role of the school library for student reading motivation. Previous research has shown that there is a lacking of knowledge in this area. It has also been found that there is a difference between schools' school libraries, although The education act stresses that there should be an equivalence for students' access to school libraries. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of how teachers perceive the role of the school library in promoting pupils' reading motivation at schools in the municipality of Sävsjö. To examine teachers' perceptions of the role of the school library for student reading motivation, sociocognitive motivation theory is used in combination with a qualitative analysis with semi-structured interviews. In the study, eight different teachers were interviewed at four different schools in the municipality of Sävsjö. This is to compare similarities and differences within the municipality. It has shown, in the study, that there are good conditions for the school library to function as a motivational enhancer in the form of the range offered and teachers' efforts to include the school library in teaching. The offerings in the school libraries are updated annually with new books that teachers and pupils can take part in and advise on. The collaboration between the teachers and those in charge in the school libraries / school librarians is almost non-existent, even when it has been found that good cooperation favors student reading motivation. Nevertheless, there is a demand for increased cooperation from both parties.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare och speciallärare i årskurs F-3 arbetar med läsutveckling bland elever i lässvårigheter. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte har tre frågeställningar framställts. Den första frågan är vilka arbetssätt lärare och speciallärare använder i undervisningen för att stödja elever i lässvårigheter. Den andra frågan är hur lärare och speciallärare planerar undervisningen för elever i lässvårigheter och den tredje frågan är hur lärare och speciallärare arbetar för att stärka motivation och självbild för elever i lässvårigheter. Lärares uppfattningar om deras arbete med läsutveckling bland elever i lässvårigheter undersöks i studien för att uppnå studiens syfte. Det empiriska materialet samlades in med kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem verksamma lärare. Respondenterna valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval samt ett målinriktat urval för att kunna uppnå studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Det sociokulturella perspektivet ligger till grund för studien där lärandet sker tillsammans med andra. Resultatet i studien visar på komplexiteten att identifiera elevers lässvårigheter samt hur lärarna arbetar för att synliggöra lässvårigheterna. Det framkom också vilka arbetssätt lärarna använder i undervisningen för att stödja elever i lässvårigheter samt vilka arbetssätt som ger effekt på elevernas läsutveckling. Avslutningsvis visar resultatet på att lässvårigheter kan påverka elevens motivation och självbild och att lärarna arbetar på olika sätt för att stärka dessa. / The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers and special teachers in Preschool Class and Primary Years 1-3 work with pupils in reading difficulties. The study has three main questions: What working methods do teachers and special teachers use to foster reading difficulties, how do teachers and special teachers plan the teaching for students in reading difficulties and how do teachers and special teachers work to strengthen the motivation and improve the self-perceptions of pupils in reading difficulties? The collection of empiric data used the qualitative method with semi structured interviews with five teachers. The respondents were selected through a convenience selection in addition with a targeted selection to be able to achieve the purpose of the study, answering the two main questions. The social cultural perspective is the foundation for this study, where learning takes place together with other. The result exposes the complexity identifying pupils reading difficulties and also how teachers work to visualize pupils in reading difficulties. Furthermore, the study highlighted methodologies and adaptations used by teachers during teaching to support pupils in reading difficulties, also identify the most efficient methodology developing the pupil’s reading ability. Finally, the result indicates reading difficulties affects the pupil’s motivation and self-perceptions and that teachers approaches this in different ways with the objective to strengthen the pupil.

In recent years, Swedish school children have experienced a decline in reading motivation. This is no less true for middle school students both in and outside of school. This thesis aims to find ways in which robot book-talks can be used in a school setting to motivate middle schoolers to read. With a Research through Design approach, the study also aims to find recommendations for designers in the future. These goals were achieved through a design process in three phases, in which the author developed and tested book-talks between fourth graders and the robot Furhat from Furhat Robotics, using the Wizard of Oz (WOZ) technique. In the final evaluative phase, the students had book-talks with Furhat in two different modes, over two sessions. In Passive mode, the robot asked general questions and made little effort to make sure the students were concentrating on the task. This mode served as a baseline for the “novelty effect”. The other – Active mode – built on the ideas created throughout the process. In this mode, the robot asked questions directly related to the students’ books and made more effort to guide the students through their task. Results show that while the robot interaction was appreciated by all partaking students, it was not possible to prove if it spurred genuine reading motivation. Nevertheless, results showed that the interaction could potentially fulfil the basic psychological needs of competence and relatedness. Along with autonomy, both needs are fundamental to motivation and well-being, according to Self-Determination Theory. The book-talks’ effect on students’ autonomy could not be tested properly, as there were too few copies of the books which the students could read for the book-talks. The study also showed signs of the “novelty effect”, as some students were interested in reading more so that they could talk to the robot again. Three main takeaways for future designers were found as a result of the study: using Self-Determination Theory to create UX goals and to design; make designs that encourage people to interact with people; both follow and guide the users throughout the WOZ interaction, to create moments where the students can experience relatedness and show competence.

This qualitative study investigates the reasons behind three upper-secondary English teachers’ choices regarding suitable fiction for their students, how they engage students in reading, and what they think motivates students to read. It also investigates eight students’ motivation toward reading. This study also aims to provide some insight into how the criteria behind the reading lists can be adapted to stimulate the students’ interest in reading. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with the teachers and students, respectively. The results of this study suggest that one possible way to increase motivation for reading is the use of different genres and methods.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att exemplifiera hur verksamma lärare i fritidshem kan motivera läsning hos elever i fritidshemmets verksamhet. Frågeställningar som fokuseras är: På vilket sätt motiverar lärare i fritidshem sitt engagemang i läsfrämjande insatser i fritidshemmets verksamhet? Hur skapar fritidshemslärare förutsättningar för läsaktiviteter i fritidshemmet? Genom en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöks nio fritidslärares engagemang i läsfrämjande insatser samt hur de skapar förutsättningar för läsaktiviteter. Studien erhåller ett teoretiskt ramverk utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet som fokuserar på sociala och kulturella aspekter i vardagen, och hur de påverkar varandra. Resultatet visar att lärare i fritidshemmet betonar vikten av att skapa en stödjande och engagerande läsmiljö där läsning inte ses som en prestation, utan att verksamheten ska vara en källa där man kan upptäcka läsglädje genom sitt intresse. En positiv läskultur, där elevernas intressen står i centrum, kan bidra till en hållbar läslust. De didaktiska implikationerna denna studie har framfört är att fritidshemmet har en unik möjlighet att erbjuda en frizon från den prestationsinriktade skolmiljön, vilket kan främja en större läsglädje och förståelse för vad läsning kan ge. Samtidigt pekar studien på utmaningar såsom brist på avskilda och tysta läsplatser och ibland utdaterat utbud av litteratur. Genom att adressera dessa hinder och fortsätter utveckla kreativa läsfrämjande aktiviteter kan fritidshemmet effektivt bidra till elevernas positiva inställning till läsning och deras långsiktiga läsutveckling. / The purpose of this study is to exemplify how effective after-school teachers can motivate reading in students in after-school activities. Questions that focus on are: In what way do teachers in after-school centers justify their involvement in reading-promoting efforts in the activities of the after-school centers? How after-school teachers create the conditions for reading activities in the after-school center? Through a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, the involvement of nine after-school teachers in reading promotion initiatives and how they create the conditions for reading activities are investigated. The study maintains a theoretical framework based on the socio-cultural perspective that focuses on social and cultural aspects in everyday life, and how they affect each other. The results show that teachers in the after-school center emphasize the importance of creating a supportive and engaging reading environment where reading does not take place as an achievement, but that the activity should be a source where you can discover the joy of reading through your interest. A positive reading culture, where students' interests are at the center, can contribute to a sustainable love of reading. The didactic implications this study has presented are that the after-school center has a unique opportunity to offer a free zone from the performance-oriented school environment, which can promote a greater enjoyment of reading and understanding of what reading can bring. At the same time, the study points to challenges such as a lack of secluded and quiet reading places and sometimes out-of-date literature. By addressing these obstacles and continuing to develop creative promotion activities, the after-school center can effectively contribute to the students' positive attitude towards reading and their long-term reading development.

The purpose of our study is to investigate how teachers perceive the importance of motivation for students’ reading acquisition and how they can work to strengthen motivation in their teaching. We conducted a qualitative interview study to address our research questions. In our interview study, ten practicing teachers from six different schools, teaching Swedish subject in grades one to three, participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews took place at the teachers’ workplaces and were recorded and transcribed. Subsequently, the given responses were analysed and synthesized. The results reveal that motivation is perceived as an inner drive and a significant component for students’ reading acquisition. Additionally, the result indicates that students’ motivation, according to teachers, can be influenced by both positive and negative factors. Examples of influencing factors include reading role models, varied teaching methods, appropriate book levels, and students’ perceived sense of obligation to read. Furthermore, the results highlights that teachers can influence students’ motivation by utilizing methods such as read-aloud sessions or digital tools in their teaching. Moreover, the result undercover the importance of motivation for students’ reading, particularly for those with reading difficulties. / Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur lärare ser på motivationens betydelse för elevers läsinlärning och hur de i sin undervisning kan arbeta för att stärka motivationen. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ intervjustudie för att få svar på våra frågeställningar. I vår intervjustudie har tio verksamma lärare vid sex olika skolor, som undervisar inom svenskämnet i årskurserna 1–3, medverkat i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes på lärarnas arbetsplatser och varje intervju spelades in och transkriberades. Därefter analyserades de givna svaren och sammanställdes.  Resultatet synliggör att motivation och läsmotivation uppfattas som en inre drivkraft och en betydelsefull komponent för elevers läsinlärning. Utöver det visar resultatet också att elevers motivation enligt lärare kan influeras av såväl positiva som negativa faktorer. Exempel på faktorer som påverkar är läsande förebilder, varierade arbetssätt, rätt nivå på böcker samt elevers upplevda känsla av att vara tvungen att läsa. Resultatet har också synliggjort att lärare kan vara med och påverka elevers motivation genom att nyttja exempelvis högläsning eller digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Vidare visar resultatet att motivationen har stor betydelse för elevers läsinlärning och är extra viktig för elever med lässvårigheter.