Die Tätigkeiten im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst sind häufig mit persönlichen Gefährdungen verbunden. Im Raum steht aber auch immer die Problematik von Gefährdungssituationen, die durch den Notarzt "nur" als solche wahrgenommen, sozusagen "empfunden" werden. In dieser Arbeit wird v. a. vor dem Hintergrund der Erforderlichkeit und Zumutbarkeit die Frage prinzipiell diskutiert, ob und inwieweit ein Notarzt zum Handeln verpflichtet ist. Im Ergebnis ist objektiv-typisierend auf den Facharztstandard bzw. den Indikationskatalog für den Notarzteinsatz in Kombination mit arzt-/berufsrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten im engeren Sinne (z. B. Freiberuflichkeit) abzustellen. Es wird sich jedenfalls immer um eine Einzelfallbetrachtung und um eine individuelle, fallbezogene Entscheidung handeln. Bei seltenen, sehr unwahrscheinlichen Situationen mit relativer Ermangelung von objektiv-typisierbaren Gesichtspunkten werden die Anforderungen, aber auch die Chancen, an die "höchstpersönliche" Berufsausübung, an die Persönlichkeit des Arztes (v. a. in der Entscheidungsfindung) umso größer werden.

This thesis examines the viability of the concept of political liberalism. Since its emergence, the idea of a purely political liberalism has been the subject of a voluminous amount of discourse and debate. The concept of political liberalism has been presented as both a solution to the problems of justice and political stability troubling liberal democracies and an exemplar of all that is wrong with contemporary political philosophy; it has, quite literally, altered the landscape and the vernacular of contemporary political theory. Herein it is argued that, despite the significant amount of literature that has been devoted to the analysis of the idea of a purely political liberalism, the idea itself has yet to be subjected to the type of critique that is required if one is to assess its viability effectively. Though there have been a number of contemporary political theorists who have developed conceptions of political liberalism which they believe differ in important ways from those of their doctrinal colleagues, detailed analyses of the concept of political liberalism have and remain focussed almost exclusively on a single formulation: namely, Rawlsian political liberalism. This singular focus has precluded the completion of a comprehensive assessment of the viability of the concept (as opposed to a single conception) of political liberalism as represented both by Rawlsian and non-Rawlsian models. This thesis confronts this problem by expanding the scope of investigation to include a fulsome examination of other prominent paradigmatic conceptions of political liberalism namely, those developed by Charles Larmore and Judith Shklar and in so doing provides a more inclusive and, subsequently, thorough critique than has previously been offered. Adopting such an approach reveals that, despite protestations to the contrary, the prominent paradigmatic conceptions of political liberalism are sufficiently similar in all important respects to enable their conflation for the purpose of analysis; and when subjected to a thorough analysis, the idea of a purely political liberalism proves itself to be untenable. / Political Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Politics)

My Eyes Due See is a multidimensional examination of the “black experience” in America. The installation is composed of a single-channel video, a music composition that utilizes music samples and live instrumentation, and sculptures made up of car parts and broomsedge grass. Each of these elements arranged in space share a nuanced and complicated view of blackness through the lens of a black man decoding personal history and American history simultaneously. Autonomy is the overarching theme throughout the work as it pertains to race, identity, urban and rural environments, and the relationship between generational trauma and nostalgia.

Notre thèse traite du thème : « Fondements philosophiques du projet d’un État mondial chez Éric Weil. » Il faut relever que l’idée d’un État mondial a effleuré l’esprit de beaucoup de penseurs avant et après Weil lui-même. Sans revenir en détails sur les idées cosmopolitiques qui ont été développées depuis les stoïciens jusqu’aux auteurs contemporains, on peut retenir que l’idée d’un État mondial a toujours visé un seul et unique but : instaurer une paix perpétuelle dans le monde. Ce qui fait la particularité et l’originalité de l’approche weilienne de cette question, c’est qu’elle centre la problématique de l’État mondial sur la question fondamentale de sa philosophie : le problème de la violence. Si le problème de la violence du langage a été thématisé et traité de façon systématique dans la Logique de la philosophie ; si le problème de la violence en l’homme a pu trouver sa solution dans la Philosophie morale; si la violence de la nature a pu trouver sa solution dans l’organisation rationnelle du travail social ; si la violence entre les individus à l’intérieur des États particuliers a pu trouver sa solution dans le cadre des États-nations, il restait à Weil de résoudre le problème non moins fondamental de la violence entre les États. C’est dans ce but qu’il a envisagé dans la troisième et dernière partie de la Philosophie politique la création d’un État mondial dont le but est « la satisfaction des individus raisonnables à l’intérieur d’États particuliers libres ». En confrontant la conception weilienne de l’État mondial avec celles de Maritain et de Kojève notamment, nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que Weil a utilisé l’appellation « État mondial » pour désigner, une administration mondiale de la société mondiale du travail social. En somme, la conception weilienne de l’État mondial est pertinente et pleinement justifiée sur le plan philosophique, sur le plan de sa philosophie. Elle est philosophiquement justifiée parce qu’elle trouve ses fondements dans la Logique de la philosophie de Weil. Elle est pleinement justifiée, parce qu’elle permet de surmonter les obstacles comme le nationalisme, l’impérialisme, le conflit des cultures par l’idée de la promotion d’un État mondial pluraliste qui préserve la diversité des formes de vie. Elle est pleinement justifiée, parce qu’elle permet de surmonter l’obstacle du droit des nations à disposer d’elles-mêmes par la garantie de la souveraineté bien comprise des États particuliers dans le cadre de l’État mondial. Elle est pleinement justifiée, parce qu’elle vise à réaliser un monde sensé, à réaliser un monde de raison où vivrons des hommes libres, égaux et raisonnables. En un mot, la création de l’État mondial, telle que l’a envisagée Weil à la fin de la Philosophie politique, permet à l’humanité de se réconcilier avec elle-même. / Abstract Our thesis deals with the theme: “Philosophical foundations for a world state project by Éric Weil”. It should be mentioned that the idea of a world state has been explored by many thinkers before and after Weil. Without going into details about the cosmopolitan ideas that have been developed since the Stoicians to contemporary authors, it is to be noted that the idea of a world state has always aimed at single and unique objective: establishing everlasting world peace. The specificity and originality of Weil’s approach resides in his questioning the philosophy underlying the world state concept, that is, the issue of violence. If the problem of the violence of language has been thematized and systematically treated in the Logic of Philosophy. Even though man-inherent violence issue is solved by Moral philosophy, and nature-inherent violence is solved to rational organization of social labour, and violence among individuals dealt with within the framework of nation-states, the fundamental issue of inter-state violence remains unsolved. In the third and last part of his book, Political Philosophy, he suggests the creation of a world state whose aim is “the satisfaction of reasonable individuals within specific free states”Comparing the Weilian conception of the world state with that of Maritain and Kojeve leads to the conclusion that Weil used the term "world state" to designate a global administration of the world society’s social work. In short, the Weilian conception of the world state is philosophically relevant and fully justified. It is philosophically justified because it finds its foundations in the Logic of the philosophy of Weil. It is fully justified because it overcomes such obstacles as nationalism, imperialism, the conflict of cultures by the idea of promoting a pluralistic world state that preserves the diversity of life forms. It is fully justified because it overcomes the obstacle of the right of nations to self-determination by guaranteeing the sovereignty, well understood by sovereign States within the framework of the world state. It is fully justified, because it aims to realize a sensible world, a world of reason in which free, equal and reasonable men will live together. In short, the creation of the world state, as envisioned by Weil at the end of Political Philosophy, would enable mankind to reconcile with itself.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T19:27:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:09:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Com o fim de propiciar uma mudança na mentalidade dos operadores do direito visando tornar mais efetivo o processo bem como respeitando os princípios norteadores do nosso ordenamento jurídico e principalmente a pessoa do trabalhador face a sua hipossuficiência o presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a satisfação de créditos trabalhistas através da possibilidade de penhora de determinados bens considerados como de família. A partir de uma noção histórica do nascimento do direito do trabalho com enfoque posterior à sua evolução e desenvolvimento no Brasil será traçado o conceito deste ramo jurídico especilizado bem como alguns dos seus princípios específicos norteadores mais precisamente o princípio da proteção do trabalhador e da valorização do trabalho. Posteriormente tentar-se-á definir o conceito de bens de família a partir do estudo dos mesmos através da análise do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, direito à moradia utilidade e habitalidade para fins de delimitação da impenhorabilidade desses bens. Ultrapassando tal estudo será objeto de análise também o princípio da efetividade processual como fundamento do processo assim como a execução trabalhista a qual face à natureza alimentar do crédito exeqüendo, deve ser ainda mais efetiva e célere. Ulteriormente serão abordados os princípios da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade, os quais se tornam imprescindíveis ao alcance de uma interpretação justa e eficaz no que tange à proteção insculpida na Lei 8.009/90. Por fim após fixarem-se as premissas necessárias à viabilização da interpretação mais adequada das normas postas sob apreço no presente passa-se a propor a relativização da impenhorabilidade dos bens de família para a satisfação de créditos trabalhistas através de parâmetros de razoabilidade e proporcionalidade na ponderação de valores conflitantes. / Salvador

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Att on 2016-10-10T17:35:24Z (GMT) / Submitted by William Roberto Crestani (crestan@terra.com.br) on 2016-10-11T03:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mestrado Profissional - Limite das multas - versão biblioteca FGVpdf.pdf: 1166133 bytes, checksum: 160bb728f716fc4a0124bfa77ef7f446 (MD5) Anexo 2 - Planilha eletronica - Anexo II (Parte integrante da Dissertão - Mestrado Profissional).XLSX: 61109 bytes, checksum: 0136d49d91d71dbe6fa2f71f36048dbd (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: William, boa tarde Somente mais dois ajustes: Retirar a acentuação do nome Getúlio e retirar a sigla SP que consta ao lado de São Paulo (capa e contracapa). Att on 2016-10-11T17:09:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by William Roberto Crestani (crestan@terra.com.br) on 2016-10-11T17:59:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mestrado Profissional - Limite das multas - versão final biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1166110 bytes, checksum: 2edafb6e1274e8d1eb4b4708fed3c0ef (MD5) Anexo 2 - Planilha eletronica - Anexo II (Parte integrante da Dissertão - Mestrado Profissional).XLSX: 61109 bytes, checksum: 0136d49d91d71dbe6fa2f71f36048dbd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-10-11T18:02:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mestrado Profissional - Limite das multas - versão final biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1166110 bytes, checksum: 2edafb6e1274e8d1eb4b4708fed3c0ef (MD5) Anexo 2 - Planilha eletronica - Anexo II (Parte integrante da Dissertão - Mestrado Profissional).XLSX: 61109 bytes, checksum: 0136d49d91d71dbe6fa2f71f36048dbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T18:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mestrado Profissional - Limite das multas - versão final biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1166110 bytes, checksum: 2edafb6e1274e8d1eb4b4708fed3c0ef (MD5) Anexo 2 - Planilha eletronica - Anexo II (Parte integrante da Dissertão - Mestrado Profissional).XLSX: 61109 bytes, checksum: 0136d49d91d71dbe6fa2f71f36048dbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / This paper is aimed at proposing a solution to the object matter of case 487 of the list of general repercussion of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF), in which the court will judge the following subject: 487 – Confiscatory character of the 'isolated penalty' due for the non acomplishment of ancillary tax obligations. Based on the extensive examination of the STF precedents regarding the limitation of tax penalties, combined with the analysis of the applicable legal doctrine related to the tax sanctions and the proporcionality and reasonableness principles, we will develop and present an answer to the following questions: Is there any limitation to charge the penalty due for the non accomplishment of ancillary tax obligations in the event the tax was duly paid? If the answer is positive, which would be that limit? As a result, we are intended to face a recent ongoing problem in Brazil – which is the substantial increase on the amounts of the penalties charged for the non accomplishment of ancillary tax obligations, specially in cases in which taxes were duly paid by the taxpayers – and, simulteneously, contribute on the seek of a balance point between the function of the ancillary tax obligations and the amount charged as penalty for its non accomplishment. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma solução à questão objeto do tema 487 da lista de repercussões gerais do Supremo Tribunal Federal, por meio do qual o STF irá julgar a seguinte temática: 487 – Caráter confiscatório da 'multa isolada' por descumprimento de obrigação acessória decorrente de dever instrumental. A partir do exame extensivo da jurisprudência histórica do STF acerca da limitação das multas fiscais, combinado com o estudo da doutrina relativa às sanções tributárias e aos princípios da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade, desenvolveremos e apresentaremos ao final uma resposta objetiva às seguintes indagações: Existe algum limite que deve ser observado para a cobrança de multa pecuniária devida por descumprimento de dever instrumental nas situações em que não houve falta de recolhimento de tributo? Em caso positivo, qual seria esse limite? Desse modo, pretende-se enfrentar um problema que tem crescido no Brasil nos últimos anos – o aumento expressivo do valor das multas cobradas em razão do descumprimento do dever instrumental e, em vários casos, a desvinculação da cobrança dessa multa do próprio pagamento do tributo – e, simultaneamente, contribuir na tarefa de buscar um ponto de equilíbrio entre a função das obrigações tributárias acessórias e o valor da multa cobrada por conta do seu descumprimento.

This thesis examines the viability of the concept of political liberalism. Since its emergence, the idea of a purely political liberalism has been the subject of a voluminous amount of discourse and debate. The concept of political liberalism has been presented as both a solution to the problems of justice and political stability troubling liberal democracies and an exemplar of all that is wrong with contemporary political philosophy; it has, quite literally, altered the landscape and the vernacular of contemporary political theory. Herein it is argued that, despite the significant amount of literature that has been devoted to the analysis of the idea of a purely political liberalism, the idea itself has yet to be subjected to the type of critique that is required if one is to assess its viability effectively. Though there have been a number of contemporary political theorists who have developed conceptions of political liberalism which they believe differ in important ways from those of their doctrinal colleagues, detailed analyses of the concept of political liberalism have and remain focussed almost exclusively on a single formulation: namely, Rawlsian political liberalism. This singular focus has precluded the completion of a comprehensive assessment of the viability of the concept (as opposed to a single conception) of political liberalism as represented both by Rawlsian and non-Rawlsian models. This thesis confronts this problem by expanding the scope of investigation to include a fulsome examination of other prominent paradigmatic conceptions of political liberalism namely, those developed by Charles Larmore and Judith Shklar and in so doing provides a more inclusive and, subsequently, thorough critique than has previously been offered. Adopting such an approach reveals that, despite protestations to the contrary, the prominent paradigmatic conceptions of political liberalism are sufficiently similar in all important respects to enable their conflation for the purpose of analysis; and when subjected to a thorough analysis, the idea of a purely political liberalism proves itself to be untenable. / Political Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Politics)

The protection against dismissal in the evolution of the Constitutional Court jurisprudenceThis paper is based on the analysis of the job security schemes embodied in the Constitutions of 1979 and 1993, so as to point out the evolution of the protection granted by the constitutional system against unlawful dismissal and the legal application thereof to the models of restitutory protection (reinstatement) or compensatory protection (indemnification). Then, an analysis is made with respect to the options covered in this field by the international treaties executed by Peru and the evolution of different constitutional case law. Thus, judgments in which restitutory protection was initially oriented to outlaw the dismissal that violates fundamental rights are examined, in comparison to recent rulings in which such protection is granted against unlawful dismissal, resulting in a labor stability model different from the one set forth by the 1993 Constitution. / El presente trabajo parte por analizar los esquemas de estabilidad laboral recogidos en las Constituciones de 1979 y 1993, con el fin de advertir la evolución de la protección otorgada por el ordenamiento constitucional frente al despido ilícito y su plasmación legal en modelos de tutela restitutoria (reposición) o resarcitoria (indemnización). Seguidamente, se evalúan las opciones que sobre esta materia recogen los tratados internacionales suscritos por el Perú para luego tratar la evolución de la jurisprudencia constitucional. Así, se examinan pronunciamientos en que la tutela restitutoria estuvo inicialmente orientada a proscribir el despido que agravie derechos fundamentales, para luego analizar fallos recientes en los que se concede dicha tutela frente al despido injustificado, configurándose, por esta vía, un modelo de estabilidad laboral distinto al establecido por la Constitución de 1993.

The central hypothesis of this thesis is that the universal fundamental right to adequate housing must be equally enforced by all states irrespective of its non-entrenchment as a constitutional, legislative and/or policy entitlement. Despite being a minority, poor Canadians still face the same sordid living conditions that the majority are experiencing in South Africa and India. If a developed country such as Canada, despite its available resources and housing policies, and, similar to South Africa and India as third world countries, fails to improve the poor’s standard of living, the right to adequate housing will remain a distant dream for many. Any housing implementation strategy must be able to reduce housing backlogs, eradicate homelessness and slums and in general improve the poor’s standard of living. The thesis considers the diverse implementation strategies of the right to adequate housing as adopted by South Africa, Canada and India and reveals how each country has experienced systemic challenges. Against the background of international and regional human rights obligations, key issues are investigated to determine how to properly implement, enforce and monitor the right, include the role of a constitutionally entrenched right, the adoption of a housing legislative and/or policy measures, the role of the judiciary, (in)action on the part of government and the part played by national human rights commissions. While each of these three countries approaches the issue in their own unique way, and each country makes its own contribution, what is required is a coordinated and multi-faceted housing implementation system. Although the point of departure was to determine what South Africa could learn from Canada and India, the conclusion is that both Canada and India can draw inspiration from South Africa. Nevertheless, the main conclusions are that South Africa must urgently conduct a comprehensive review of its regressive 20 year housing implementation strategy and India’s 61 years five year plans. The Canadian judiciary should be looking at ways to enforce the right within the Canadian Charter as well as its domestic legislation to include ‘social condition’ as a discrimination ground. While both Canada and India must review their housing policies their judiciaries should be evaluating the history of homelessness and the reasonableness of their adopted housing policies. / Private Law / LLD

Medical expenses refer to all medical and related expenditure reasonably incurred in respect of bodily injuries sustained. This then constitutes the primary loss in incidences of bodily injuries. However, it is accepted that bodily injuries infringe in the main the non-patrimonial aspects of the individual’s bodily integrity which is a personality right. Notwithstanding this trite provision of our law, the dissertation contends that medical expenses as a head of damages is inherently patrimonial. In essence, the true nature of medical expenses as a loss that ultimately affects both the patrimonial and non-patrimonial interests of the individual, is considered. Furthermore, the dissertation analyses the assessment and quantification mechanisms in our law, and makes a comparative study with the corresponding positions in England and Australia. The intended outcome of this dissertation is to provide clear guidelines for the award of damages, particularly where future loss is involved. / Private Law / LLM