This paper investigates empirically the interest rate channel of the transmission mechanism of the monetary policy in Peru. Using monthly data for the six largest banks for the period June 2003 – June 2010 we study the two main policy instruments used under the inflation-target regime: the rate of monetary policy and the required bank reserves rate. We fit a dynamic panel data model obtaining two fundamental results. First, increases in the rate of monetary policy affectpositively and significantly the interest rates on commercial loans charged by the six largest banks of the country. Second, no evidence is found that the required bank reserves rate on deposits in Peruvian currency / Este trabajo evalúa empíricamente el canal de tasas de interés en el mecanismo de transmisión de la política monetaria en el Perú, durante el periodo junio 2003-junio 2010, empleando datos mensuales de bancos individuales. Se estudian los dos principales instrumentos de política utilizados bajo el régimen de metas de inflación: la tasa de política monetaria y la tasa de encaje.Utilizando un modelo de datos de panel dinámico, nuestro trabajo tiene dos resultados básicos. En primer lugar, un alza de la tasa de interés de referencia tiene un impacto positivo y significativo sobre las tasas de interés de los préstamos comerciales fijadas por los seis bancos más grandes del país. En segundo lugar, no encontramos evidencia que sugiera que la tasa de encaje a los depósitos en moneda nacional influye sobre estas mismas tasas de interés fijadas por estos seisbancos durante el periodo analizado.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O principal objetivo de nossa investigÃÃo à determinar condiÃÃes para a existÃncia de hipersuperfÃcies fechadas com curvatura prescrita em produtoswarped e, mais geralmente, em variedades dotadas de um campo de Killing conforme. Empreendemos esta anÃlise em duas etapas, a primeira das quais à o estabelecimento de estimativas a priori atà segunda ordem de uma funÃÃo cujo grÃfico satisfaz a equaÃÃo diferencial correspondente a condiÃÃo de curvatura prescrita. A segunda parte consiste em empregar uma variante adequada da teoria do grau ao problema que consideramos. / The main purpose of our investigation is to determine conditions for the existence of closed hypersurface with prescribed curvature in products warped and, more usually, in manifolds endowed with conformal Killing vector fields. We undertook this analysis in two stages, the first one being the establishment of estimates a priori up to second order of a function whose graph satisfies the corresponding differential equation. The second part consists of using an appropriate variant of the theory of the degree to the problem that we considered.

Tissue homeostasis in the adult Drosophila melanogaster intestine is maintained by controlling the proper balance of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In the adult fly midgut, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the only dividing cells and their identity maintenance is crucial to the proper functioning of the fly gut. Various pathways such as Notch, JAK-STAT and Wingless are known to regulate ISC division and differentiation. Here I used a pathogen feeding model to study conditions that accelerate ISC division and guide intestinal cell differentiation favoring enterocyte development. I also examined the role of Tumor Suppressor Gene 101 (TSG101) in ISC maintenance and function. TSG101, a part of the ESCRT1 complex. It is known to stimulate the Notch pathway and to play a role in endocytic trafficking. TSG101 loss-of-function mutants show developmental defects in various fly and mammalian tissues. The protein also plays a role in virus abscission from host cells. In my experiments I have observed that TSG101 is required for ISC maintenance. TSG101 knockdown and loss of function mutant clones have defects in ISC proliferation that hinder the normal intestinal responses to oral pathogen ingestion. Based on these results I conclude that TSG101 is needed in the adult fly intestine for proper ISC maintenance and function, thereby being an important player in intestinal homeostasis.

Replication of HIV-1 requires the assembly and release of mature and infectious viral particles. In order to accomplish this goal, HIV-1 has evolved multiple methods to interact with the host cell. HIV-1 recruits the host cell ESCRT machinery to facilitate the release of nascent viral particles from the host cell membrane. Recruitment of these cellular factors is dependent on the presence of short motifs in Gag referred to as Late-domains. Deletion or mutation of these domains results in substantial decrease in the release of infectious virions. However, previously published work has indicated that over-expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4.2s is able to robustly rescue release of otherwise budding-defective HIV-1 particles. This rescue is specific to the NEDD4.2s isoform as related E3 ubiquitin ligases display no ability to rescue particle release. In addition, rescue of particle release is dependent on the presence of the partial C2 domain and a catalytically active HECT domain of NEDD4.2s. Here I provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that a partial C2 domain of NEDD4.2s constitutes a Gag interacting module capable of targeting the HECT domains of other E3 ubiquitin ligases to HIV-1 Gag. Also, by generating chimeras between HECT domains shown to form poly-ubiquitin chains linked through either K48 or K63 of ubiquitin, I demonstrate that the ability of NEDD4.2s to catalyze the formation of K63-polyubiquitin chains is required for its stimulation of HIV-1 L-domain mutant particle release. In addition, I present findings from on-going research into the role of the HIV-1 accessory protein Nef during viral replication using the culture T-cell line, MOLT3. My current findings indicate that downregulation of CD4 from the host cell membrane does not solely account for the dramatic dependence of HIV-1 replication on Nef expression in this system. In addition, I present evidence indicating that Nef proteins from diverse HIV-1 Groups and strains are capable of enhancing HIV-1 replication in this system. Analysis of a range of mutations in Nef known to impact interaction with cellular proteins suggest that the observed replication enhancement requires Nef targeting to the host cell membrane and may also require the ability to interact with select Src-kinases. Lastly, we find that the ability of Nef to enhance replication in this system is separate from any increase in viral particle infectivity, in agreement with current literature.

L’autophagie est une voie catabolique durant laquelle des constituants cytoplasmiques sont engloutis dans des vésicules à double membrane nommées autophagosomes. Elle sert à éliminer les protéines mal repliées ou les agrégats protéiques, à détruire les organites défectueux comme les mitochondries, le réticulum endoplasmique et les peroxysomes mais aussi des pathogènes intracellulaires. Le matériel séquestré dans les autophagosomes est ensuite envoyé, pour dégradation, vers le lysosome. La dégradation du matériel séquestré génère des nucléotides, des acides aminés et des acides gras qui seront recyclés en vue de la synthèse de macromolécules et de la génération d’ATP.Dans cette étude nous explorons l’aspect cellulaire et fonctionnel de la voie de l’autophagie chez Caenorhabditis elegans. Nous montrons que le génome du nématode contient deux homologues du gène autophagique de levure Atg8. Ces homologues codent pour les protéines LGG-1 et LGG-2 qui sont des protéines des membranes des autophagosomes. Ces protéines agissent de façon synergique dans les processus physiologiques impliquant l’autophagie, en l’occurrence, la longévité et la formation des larves dauer.Nous montrons également que l’autophagie est impliquée dans le maintien de l’homéostasie cellulaire chez les mutants ESCRT. Les complexes ESCRT sont impliqués dans l’adressage des protéines ubiquitinées vers les corps multi vésiculaires pour les dégrader. Les mutants ESCRT se caractérisent par des altérations cellulaires et développementales. Nos résultats indiquent que l’inactivation des ESCRT cause une augmentation du flux autophagique. L’inactivation de l’autophagie dans ces mutants exacerbe les défauts cellulaires alors que son induction protège de la dégradation. / Macroautophgagy is a catabolic process involved in the clearance of cellular components in the lysosome when cells face starvation conditions. This eukaryotic process requires the formation of double membrane vesicles named autophagosomes. Autophagy is implicated in the elimination of misfolded proteins, protein aggregates and long-lived or damaged organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxysomes. It is alos required for the clearance of intracellular pathogens. The material enclosed inside autophagososmes in degraded in the lysosome: nucleotides, amino-acids and fatty-acids are generated and reused for neosynthesis of macromolecules and ATP.In the present study, we are exploring the cellular and functional aspects of the autophagic pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that the genome of the worm contain two homologues of the Yeast autophagic gene, Atg8. These homlogues encode for two proteins namely, LGG-1 and LGG-2, which localize to the autophagosomal membranes. We have shown that this two proteins act synergistically in dauer formation and longevity.We have also shown that autophagy play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis in endosomal maturation mutans. These latter mutants show defects in the ESCRT coplexes (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport). ESCRT complexes are required the recycling of cell surface receptors and for the sorting of ubiquitinated prtoteins into the multivesicular bodies. Mutations in the ESCRTs cause cellular et developmental defects. In our study, we show that autophagy is induced in these mutants and play a beneficial role in correcting cellular defects.

Cable-actuated manipulators (or 'cable robots') constitute a relatively new classification of robots which use motors, located at fixed remote locations, to manipulate an end-effector by extending or retracting cables. These manipulators possess a number of unique properties which make them proficient with tasks involving high payloads, large workspaces, and dangerous or contaminated environments. However, a number of challenges exist which have limited the mainstream emergence of cable robots. This thesis addresses two of the most important of these issues-- workspace analysis and disturbance compensation. Workspace issues are particularly important, as many large-scale applications require the end-effector to operate in regions of a particular shape, and to exert certain minimum forces throughout those regions. The 'Force-Feasible Workspace' represents the set of end-effector positions, for a given robot design, for which the robot can exert a set of required forces on its environment. This can be considered as the robot's 'usable' workspace, and an analysis of this workspace shape for point-mass cable robots is therefore presented to facilitate optimal cable robot design. Numerical simulation results are also presented to validate the analytical results, and to aid visualization of certain complex workspace shapes. Some cable robot applications may require mounting motors to moving bases (i.e. mobile robots) or other surfaces which are subject to disturbances (i.e. helicopters or crane arms). Such disturbances can propagate to the end-effector and cause undesired motion, so the rejection of motor mount disturbances is also of interest. This thesis presents a strategy for measuring these disturbances and compensating for them. General approaches and implementation issues are explored qualitatively with a simple one-degree-of-freedom prototype (including a strategy for mitigating accelerometer drift), and quantitative simulation results are presented as a proof of concept.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-11T13:56:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ARLEILMA FERREIRA DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 1901011 bytes, checksum: 3bf8bf2f4e988b7ccb6b82a50615b3e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-11T13:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ARLEILMA FERREIRA DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 1901011 bytes, checksum: 3bf8bf2f4e988b7ccb6b82a50615b3e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03 / Capes / A segunda metade do século XX foi marcada por transformações sociais e culturais muito intensas. No cenário religioso a Igreja Católica Romana promoveu um evento que revolucionou o seu posicionamento frente aos fiéis. O Concílio Vaticano II foi responsável por mudanças no catolicismo e ao seu término, causou uma crise de identidade em seu corpo clerical motivando um grande número de evasões, seminários fechados e abandono da batina. A crise dos padres fez com que a Igreja perdesse muitos homens. As motivações para a crise foram várias: perda de status, ascensão da modernidade, perseguição aos ideais comunistas, Teologia da Libertação e a maior de toda a manutenção do celibato obrigatório. Este trabalho que ora se apresenta tem como objetivo discutir o contexto dos anos de 1960 e 1970 no cenário da Igreja Católica Romana no cariri cearense buscando perceber como se deu a crise dos padres na Diocese do Crato-CE. A partir da análise do jornal A Ação buscamos analisar como a crise foi noticiada e vivenciada pela Diocese cratense além de percebermos como se deu a perseguição aos comunistas. Ao avaliar as cartas pastorais de Dom Vicente, bispo da época, percebemos suas recomendações ao seu clero durante esse momento de crise na Igreja. Os nossos interlocutores foram de extrema importância por contarmos suas experiências de vida sacerdotal. Assim, a memória foi utilizada na tentativa de resgatar um passado nem tão distante. Desta forma, como aporte teórico nos apoiou a História Cultural a partir dos conceitos de representação e identidade. / The second half of the twentieth century was marked by very intense social and cultural transformations, Religious landscape in the Roman Catholic Church promoted an event that revolutionized its position relative to the faithful. The Second Vatican Council was responsible for changes in Catholicism and at the end, caused an identity crisis in his clerical body motivating a large number of evasions, closed seminars and abandonment of his cassock. The crisis of the priests made the Church lost many men. The reasons for the crisis were many: loss of status, the rise of modernity, persecution of communist ideals, liberation theology, and most of all maintenance of mandatory celibacy. This work presented here aims to discuss the context of the 1960s and 1970s in the setting of the Roman Catholic Church in Ceará cariri trying to discern how was the crisis of priests in the Diocese of Crato - CE. From the analysis of the paper we analyze the action as the crisis was reported and experienced by cratense Diocese besides realizing how was the persecution of communists. In assessing the pastoral letters of Don Vicente, bishop of the time, we realize its recommendations to its clergy during this time of crisis in the Church. Our interlocutors were of utmost importance for count their experiences of priestly life. Thus, the memory was used in an attempt to rescue a not so distant past. Thus, as the theoretical supported in Cultural History from the concepts of representation and identity.

JUDr. Ing. Miloslav Kaše, CSc., Selected Aspects of Pension Reform in the Czech Re- public, Doctoral Thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Law, Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law, Prague, 2020. Number of pages of doctoral thesis is 205. The dissertation topic evolves around certain selected aspects of the pension reform in the Czech Republic, which is the most discussed in the preparation phase of the Czech pension system reform. The chosen topic acknowledges the current problems of the Czech pension system, consisting mainly of the unfavorable development of demographic struc- ture and population aging, which is characterized by a large and irregular number of peaks and troughs on the demographic chart of the Czech Republic, connected to historical events and migration. The thesis focuses on the issue of developing and determining the retirement age and insurance coverage required for entitlement to pension and analyzes the pitfalls of increas- ing the retirement age and the length of insurance coverage required to qualify for a retirement pension. At the same time, it considers the possibilities of establishing an ad- justable retirement age range and flexibility of the whole pension system. The possibility of active economic earning vitality of pensioners is closely related to the...

The purpose of the research was to assess the availability of public health services in response to humanitarian crises in Gambella, Ethiopia. This informed the development of a public health service protocol for humanitarian emergency responses in Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were explored and identify current humanitarian health emergency needs and responses, describe the availability of public health services required for humanitarian emergency responses, study and critically analyse different humanitarian responses in respect of health care services and related protocols in other countries, develop a context-specific and needs-based protocol for humanitarian emergency responses in Gambella, Ethiopia, clarify the policy and programme implications of such a protocol. A mixed-method research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 32 health facilities to assess the availability of required resources and public health services. A checklist and in-depth interview guide were used to collect the data. The quantitative data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics using frequency distribution tables and graphs. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data. The study revealed a lack of resources which threatened the availability of public health services in humanitarian emergencies. The ever-increasing number of refugees overstretched the limited resources, leading to stockouts of medicines, other health commodities and equipment. The absence of emergency preparedness, poor coordination of services, coupled with a lack of integration of services exacerbated public health service delivery. The study findings informed the development of a public health service protocol for humanitarian responses in Ethiopia. The study further recommended further research on other factors that might affect humanitarian responses and coordination. / Health Studies / Ph. D. (Public Health)

[pt] Com as falências ocorridas nas últimas décadas, no setor de seguros, um movimento surgiu para desenvolver modelos matemáticos capazes de ajudar no gerenciamento do risco, os chamados modelos internos. No Brasil, a SUSEP, seguindo a tendência mundial, exigiu que as empresas, interessadas em atuar no país, utilizassem um modelo interno para risco de subscrição. Com isto, obter um modelo interno tornou-se primordial para as empresas seguradoras no país. O modelo proposto neste trabalho ilustrado para seguro de vida para risco de subscrição se baseia em Cadeias de Markov, no Teorema Central do Limite, parte paramétrica, e na Simulação de Monte Carlo, parte não paramétrica. Em sua estrutura foi considerada a dependência entre titular e dependentes. Uma aplicação a dados reais mascarados foi feita para analisar o modelo. O capital mínimo requerido calculado utilizando o método híbrido foi comparado com o valor obtido utilizando somente o método paramétrico. Em seguida foi feita a análise de sensibilidade do modelo. / [en] The bankruptcies occurred in recent decades in the insurance sector, a movement arose to develop mathematical models capable of assisting in the management of risk, called internal models. In Brazil, the SUSEP, following the worldwide trend, demanded that the companies, interested in working in the country, using an internal model for underwriting risk. Because of this, developing an internal model has become vital for insurance companies in the country. The proposed model in this work illustrated to life insurance for the underwriting risk was based on the Markov chains, on the Central Limit Theorem to the parametric method, and Monte Carlo Simulation to the non-parametric method. In its structure, the dependence between the holder and dependents was considered. An application to masked real data was made to analyze the model. The minimum required capital calculated using the hybrid method was compared with the value obtained using only the parametric method. Then the sensitivities of the model were investigated.