Cette recherche a pour but décrire les dynamiques et les résistances du développement du sport pour les handicapés en Colombie, principalement au centre du pays : Bogotá, Cundinamarca et les Forces Armées (FFAA). Nous avons interrogé les dynamiques permettant de faire fonctionner des projets sportifs pour les handicapés en Colombie, ainsi que les résistances les plus fréquentes freinant cette pratique des handicapés. 31 acteurs du sport paralympique national ont été interrogés : 14 dirigeants du sport paralympique colombien et 17 sportifs handicapés. Nous avons mis en évidence le fait que les principales dynamiques du développement du sport pour les handicapés colombiens sont les ressources économiques, les installations sportives et l’interdisciplinarité. Pour les résistances, nous avons mis en évidence le fait que les conditions de vie des sportifs handicapés ne sont pas adéquates : sécurité sociale, niveau académique de formation, conditions d’embauche et conditions d’entraînement et de compétition. Enfin, nous avons fait émerger des besoins, qui ne sont pas assimilables à des résistances, mais qui peuvent constituer à l'avenir un frein au développement du sport pour cette population. / This research to describe the dynamics and resistances in the development of sport for disabled people in Colombia, mainly in the Midwest: Bogota, Cundinamarca and the military (armed forces). We are questioned the dynamics that allow the operation of sports projects for disabled persons in Colombia, also the most frequent resistance hindering the practice for this population. Thirty one National Paralympic sports players have been questioned: fourteen leaders and seventeen Colombian athletes with disabilities. They have shown that the main dynamics of the development of sport for disabled people in Colombia are the economic, sporting facilities and interdisciplinary. Resistances: it’s evident that the condition of life for disabled athletes is not the correct: social security, the level of academic training, contract conditions, and training and competition conditions. Similarly, there have been some needs emerge, which are not considered as resistors, but the future may become an obstacle to the development of sport in this population. / Esta investigación tiene por objetivo describir las dinámicas y las resistencias del desarrollo del deporte para las personas con discapacidad en Colombia, principalmente del centro del país: Bogotá, Cundinamarca y las Fuerzas Armadas (FFAA). Se han interrogado las dinámicas que permiten el funcionamiento de los proyectos deportivos para las personas con discapacidad en Colombia, igualmente las resistencias mas frecuentes que frenan dicha práctica para este tipo de población. 31 actores del deporte paralímpico nacional han sido interrogados: 14 dirigentes del deporte paralímpico colombiano y 17 deportistas con discapacidad. Se han puesto en evidencia el hecho de que las principales dinámicas del desarrollo del deporte para las personas con discapacidad en Colombia son los recursos económicos, las instalaciones deportivas y la interdisciplinariedad. En cuanto a las resistencias, se evidencia que la condición de vida de los deportistas con discapacidad no son las adecuadas: la seguridad social, el nivel de la formación académica, las condiciones de contrato laboral, y las condiciones de entrenamiento y de competencia. De igual forma, se han hecho emerger algunas necesidades, que no son consideradas como resistencias, pero que a futuro pueden constituirse un freno al desarrollo del deporte para este tipo de población.

Le trastuzumab est le traitement de référence des cancers du sein « HER2 amplifié ». Outre les limitations inhérentes à toute IgG, cet anticorps est inefficace pour traiter les tumeurs exprimant que modérément (cancers hormonaux) ou faiblement (triple négatif) HER2. L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de concevoir de nouveaux anticorps bispécifiques destinés au traitement de cancers du sein échappant à l'action du trastuzumab. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur des formats innovants, basés sur l'utilisation d'anticorps simple domaine de lama (sdAb) comme unité de reconnaissance antigénique. Deux anticorps bispécifiques Fab-like (bsFab) ont été développés, l'un dirigé contre HER2 (HER2bsFab) et l'autre ciblant la mésothéline (MesobsFab), un antigène surexprimé dans 30 à 70% des cancers du sein « triple négatif ». En liant spécifiquement et de façon efficace FcγRIII, ces deux bsFabs ne compètent pas avec les IgG endogènes, ne fixent pas FcγRIIB et activent fortement les NKs. In vitro, HER2bsFab induit de fortes sécrétions de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de puissantes ADCCs contre des lignées de cancer du sein indépendamment du niveau d'expression d'HER2 et du polymorphisme FcγRIIIA-158. In vivo, HER2bsFab montre une nette supériorité comparé au trastuzumab contre des tumeurs ne surexprimant que modérément HER2. HER2bsFab et MesobsFab induisent in vitro de fortes cytotoxicités contre deux lignées de cancer du sein « triple négatif » et des résultats préliminaires réalisés chez la souris semblent confirmer ces observations. A termes, l'utilisation de ces anticorps permettrait d'étendre la proportion de patientes traitables de façon efficace par immunothérapie. / Trastuzumab is established as standard of care for the treatment of HER2high breast cancers. However, in addition to Fc-related limitations inherent to IgG antibodies, trastuzumab is inefficient to treat low- (triple-negative) or moderate-HER2-overexpressing (hormone-receptor-positive) breast cancers. Based on the unique structural and functional properties of llama single domain antibodies (sdAbs), we report the design of two Fab-like bispecific antibodies targeted to HER2 (HER2bsFab) and mesothelin (MesobsFab), an antigen overexpressed in several human tumors, including triple-negative breast cancers. The two bsFabs display a unique, specific and high affinity for FcγRIII. As a consequence, they do not bind the FcγRIIB inhibitor receptor and bypass competition with endogenous IgGs. HER2bsFab mediated ADCC at picomolar concentration against HER2high as well as HER2moderate cell lines. In vivo HER2bsFab potently inhibited HER2high tumor growth and more importantly, exhibited a net superiority over trastuzumab at inhibiting HER2moderate tumor growth. Moreover, FcγRIIIA-engagement by HER2bsFab was independent of FcγRIIIA-158 polymorphism and induced a stronger NK cells activation in response to target cell recognition. Such findings led us to investigating the efficacy of bsFabs in a context of low-HER2-overexpression displays by triple-negative breast cancers. In vitro characterization showed that both HER2bsFab and MesobsFab trigger efficient lysis of two different triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Altogether, these findings would enable the treatment of a broader population of patients than that eligible with current HER2-targeted therapies.

Frente à necessidade emergente de se esclarecer os obscuros períodos de ditaduras e violência de Estado na América Latina ou de construir e manter versões que os neguem surge em diversos países um novo conflito entre os diferentes setores da sociedade, que agora disputam qual versão sobre o passado ascenderá ao status de verdade. A memória coletiva, como fenômeno construído a partir de relações sociais e constituidor dessas mesmas relações, ao ser transformada em memória histórica, aquela que é legitimada institucionalmente, parece ser um meio de determinar o que deve e o que não deve ser recordado, possibilitando o reconhecimento ou o apagamento de identidades. Muitos dos processos de reconstrução e recuperação de memória desenvolvidos nos últimos anos reproduzem modelos ocidentalocêntricos de pensar e fazer, excluindo o saber de grupos historicamente marginalizados. A produção de informes e publicações com dados sobre os eventos violentos do passado, ganha mais relevância que as vidas que relataram tais eventos. Estratégias para que se rompa o silêncio são elaboradas sem que se questione como fazer falar o silêncio sem que ele fale necessariamente a língua hegemônica que o pretende fazer falar. Muitas comunidades cansadas de esperar que se cumpram seus direitos por parte do governo, decidem levar a cabo suas próprias formas de reparação do tecido social, desenvolvendo processos de recuperação e reconstrução de memória particulares, destinados à reorganização e remotivação, a partir, sobretudo, das memórias de suas resistências. A Guatemala, como país tremendamente afetado por 36 anos de conflito armado interno, tem concentrado em seu pequeno território, uma imensidão de processos de memória. Sendo a população indígena a mais atingida pela violência do conflito armado, pelo racismo e pela discriminação até os dias de hoje, muitos destes processos não visam tratar causas estruturais da violência, e as próprias comunidades terminam por desenvolver estratégias para seguir resistindo. A partir das memórias destas resistências, lidas, escutadas e vividas ao longo da presente pesquisa, pretende-se refletir sobre os efeitos das políticas de recuperação e reconstrução de memória como modos de reparar os danos causados pela violência política. Para tal, serão propostas algumas relações entre racionalidade colonial e memória histórica, a partir do recente movimento descolonial latino americano; será traçado um caminho de leitura pela história da Guatemala, para chegar-se às contribuições que podem ser feitas ao campo, a partir de um caso específico de recuperação e reconstrução de memória histórica na Guatemala. / Regarding the emerging need to clarify the hazy periods of dictatorships and State violence in Latin America or the need to build and maintain versions that deny them in many countries a new conflict emerges, between the different sectors of society, which now dispute which version about the past will earn the status of truth. Collective memory, as a phenomenon built over social relationships and something which constitutes these very relationships, when transformed in historical memory, the one which is institutionally legitimated, seems like a mean to determine what should and what should not be remembered, allowing the recognition or the erasure of identities. Many of the processes of reconstruction and recuperation of memory developed in the last years reproduce Western-centric models of thinking and doing, ruling out the knowledge of historically marginalized groups. The production of reports and publications with data regarding violent events of the past gains more relevance than the lives that reported such events. Strategies to break the silence are elaborated without questioning how to make silence speak without it speaking necessarily the hegemonic language that intends to make it speak. Many communities, tired of waiting for their rights to be fulfilled by the government, decide to perform their own ways of repairing the social tissue, developing processes of recuperation and reconstruction of particular memories, aiming to the reorganization and remotivation, from, above all, the memories of their resistances. Guatemala, as a country tremendously affected by 36 years of internal armed conflict, has been concentrating in its small territory a huge amount of memory processes. Being the indigenous population the most affected by the violence of the armed conflict, by racism and discrimination until nowadays, many of these processes do not aim to treat the structural causes of violence, and communities themselves end up developing strategies to keep resisting. From the memories of these resistances, read, listened and lived throughout the present research, it is intended to reflect upon the effects of the policies of recuperation and reconstruction of memory as means to repair the damage caused by political violence. For such, some relations will be proposed between colonial rationality and historical memory, a reading scrip will be traced through the history of Guatemala aiming to reach out to the contributions that can be made to the field, from a specific case of recuperation and reconstruction of historical memory from Guatemala.

Lieu touristique ancien, la forêt de Fontainebleau connait une situation paradoxale depuis les années 1960. Les estimations de sa fréquentation sont en hausse, passant de 9 millions en 1969 à 17 millions en 1999. Dans le même temps, l'ensemble des services touristiques disparaissent en forêt. Le pays de Fontainebleau, territoire dans lequel s'inscrit le lieu, connait une diminution du nombre de lits touristiques. Le processus de périurbanisation entraine une transition résidentielle où une part importante des résidences secondaires sont devenus des résidences principales. La mutation résidentielle du territoire nous amène à réfléchir sur l'évolution des pratiques et des représentations de la forêt de Fontainebleau. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la trajectoire de la forêt de Fontainebleau en questionnant son héritage touristique. Pour cela, notre recherche doctorale s'appuie sur une enquête ethnographique sur les pratiques récréatives et le tissu associatif en forêt de Fontainebleau et sur un corpus documentaire mobilisant des archives, œuvres artistiques et littérature touristique. La forêt de Fontainebleau constitue un laboratoire pour questionner la notion de tourisme au regard de la perception moderne des espaces naturels. Il permet aussi de s'interroger sur la place des lieux construit par le tourisme dans l'ancrage d'habitants du territoire et sur les conflits que cela peut engendrer. / Tourist place since the 19th century, the forest of Fontainebleau knows a paradoxical situation since the 1960's. The estimation of his attendance is increasing, passer-by from 9 million in 1969 to 17 million in 1999. At the same time, the set of the tourist services disappears in the forest. Around the forest, the territory knows a decrease of the number of tourist beds. Exurbanisation pulled a residential transition where an important part of second homes became main homes. This process brings us to reflect about the evolution of the practices and the representations of the place. The objective of this thesis is to study the trajectory of the place by questioning its tourist inheritance. Our research leans on an ethnographical survey c the recreational practices in the forest of Fontainebleau and the associative tissue in the territory of Fontainebleau. Also, we study a documentary corpus mobilizing archives, artistic works and tourist literature. The forest of Fontainebleau constitutes a laboratory to question the notion of tourism with regard to the modem perception of the wilderness area. It also allows to wonder about the power of places builds by the tourism in inhabitants' anchoring of the territory and the conflicts which it can engender.

本研究探討台灣媒體記者駐點中國在採訪時所遇到的工作控制、以及所採取的因應策略。透過對多位實務工作者的深度訪談，本研究發現，對駐點中國記者最直接的控制來源，分別是「中國官方」與「台灣媒體組織」。中國官方雖然仍會使用較為粗暴、強硬的新聞控制手段，不過也越來越懂得用軟性的互動手法，干涉的深度與廣度與兩岸政治關係也有相當關係。駐點中國的台灣媒體記者採取的因應方式，則包括新聞現場快速反應，平時不斷增加專業知識、以提升對「爆料與網路線索或刻意餵新聞」的判斷能力。再者，台灣媒體接受中國官方的「置入」，再透過組織要求對記者產生影響。駐點中國的台灣媒體記者除了工作量因此增加之外，還成為台灣媒體在中國的業務代表；為了應付稿量需求、搶快、搶獨家，而利用網路消息作為新聞線索，同時並需保護自己，因此在寫作上需以「事實陳述」、「找名人背書」等方式轉移責任歸屬。 / This study focused on Taiwanese journalists’ practical strategies against governmental and organizational controls while working in china. Through empirical in-depth interviews with journalists, we came to identified how government of China uses both aggressive and subtle ways to influencing news reporting. Journalists in China need rapid responses action on sight and train themselves with extensive knowledge. In addition, one of the subtle ways to deal with Taiwanese media is to use product placement, but the more Taiwanese media receive product placement from china, the more chances are China government can further influence on the controversial news content in Taiwanese media. Receiving product placement only making these cross-strait journalists became sales representative of Taiwanese media in china. In order to meet the needs of organization, Journalists need to use internet as sources. But they also need to be extra careful by using “fact-based statement” or “quote from celebrity” in their daily writing skills.

Current environmental and energy sustainability trends have instigated considerable interest in alternative energy technologies that exhibit reduced dependence on fossil fuels. The advantages of such a direction are two-fold: reduced greenhouse gas emissions (notably CO2) and improved energy sustainability. Fuel cells are recognized as a potential technology that achieves both of these goals. However, improvements to fuel cell power density and stability must be realized to make them economically competitive with traditional, fossil-based technologies. The work in this dissertation is largely focused on the use of analytical tools for the study of transport processes in three fuel cell systems toward improvement of fuel cell performance. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are fueled by hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrical current. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria to degrade carbon compounds, such as those found in wastewaters, and simultaneously generate an electric current. Enzyme fuel cells (EFCs) operate similarly to PEMFCs but replace precious metal catalysts, such as platinum, with biologically-derived enzymes. The use of enzymes also allows EFCs to utilize simple carbon compounds as fuel. The operation of all three fuel cell systems involves different modes of ion and electron transport and can be affected negatively by transport limitations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in this work to study the distribution of transport resistances in all three fuel cell systems. The results of EIS were used to better understand the transport resistances that limited fuel cell power output. By using this technique, experimental conditions (including operating conditions, construction, and materials) were identified to develop fuel cells with greater power output and longevity. In addition to EIS, neutron imaging was employed to quantify the distribution of water in PEMFCs and EFCs. Water content is an integral aspect of providing optimal power output from both fuel cell systems. Neutron imaging contributed to developing an explanation for the loss of water observed in an operating EFC despite conditions designed to mitigate water loss. The findings of this dissertation contribute to the improvement of fuel cell technology in an effort to make these energy devices more economically viable.

Inscrite dans une démarche pluridisciplinaire et multi-scalaire, cette recherche s'attache à étudier l'évolution de la structure politique et gestionnaire vietnamienne locale, dans des villages de métier du delta du Fleuve Rouge. D'implantation millénaire, ces villages sont actuellement engagés dans un double mouvement, d'urbanisation et de fort développement endogènes, d'une part, et d'urbanisation et d'influences exogènes, d'autre part.Les modalités de leur résurgence, recomposition et adaptation sont ainsi bouleversées par l'étalement des centres urbains limitrophes, Hà Nội et Bắc Ninh et par leur intégration progressive dans la nappe urbaine. Au même moment se déploie au niveau central un processus de construction-déconstruction de l'État-Parti, dont les manifestations concrètes se font sentir dans les villages de métier. En effet, à des politiques de décentralisation-recentralisation de l'autorité s'ajoutent l'évolution du cadre légal, institutionnel et gestionnaire national, qui remodèlent la gouvernance locale comme les rapports pouvoirs publics – habitants au niveau des villages. Les questions liées à l'aménagement du territoire, à la métropolisation d'Hà Nội, au foncier ou au contrôle des richesses créent ainsi des dynamiques d'évolutions du régime et interrogent son modèle de gestion, reposant largement sur la flexibilité, le pragmatisme et les échanges d’expérimentations entre les échelons territoriaux.Pourtant, la « permissivité » du pouvoir central et la marge de manœuvre déléguée aux autorités locales sont menacées à mesure que les déviances liées à l’exploitation des ressources s'accroissent et que les conflits locaux se multiplient.De plus, le mode de gouvernance « rurale » est progressivement remis en cause par l'urbanisation administrative, vue comme une réaffirmation de l'autorité réglementaire et comme une intégration à « l'ordre urbain ». En étudiant de façon approfondie le cas de deux villages de métier, Sơn Đồng, commune rurale nouvellement intégrée à Hà Nội, et Đồng Kỵ, quartier urbain ayant récemment acquis ce statut administratif, cette recherche vise à mettre en lumière les interactions entre acteurs et territoires et à montrer d'une part comment ces communautés locales réagissent à leur captation dans la sphère urbaine et d'autre part comment les pouvoirs publics, à tous les niveaux, gèrent cette transition. / Falling within a multidisciplinary and multiscalar approach, this research aims at studying the evolution of Vietnam's local political and administrative structures in the Red River Delta's craft villages. These villages, settled thousands of years ago, are now experiencing a dual process : on the one hand, strong development and endogenous urbanisation and, on the other, an exogenous urbanisation. In fact, the sprawl of adjacent urban cores, Hà Nội and Bắc Ninh, and their on-going integration into the urban realm has disrupted modalities of their resurgence, internal structuring and adaptation to this new context. At the same time, the legal, institutional and administrative structures are evolving, nationwide – the decentralisation/recentralisation being an aspect of it – and reshape the local governance as well as the relationship between the public authorities and the inhabitants, at the village level. Issues concerning urban planning, Hà Nội's metropolisation, land management or control over resources are thus impacting the regime's evolution and challenging its modus operandi, based on flexibility, pragmatism and sharing of experimentation conclusions between territorial levels.Yet, the central « permissiveness » and leeway delegated to the local level are being reconsidered as deviances in resources exploitation increase and local conflicts become more frequent. Furthermore, the « rural » governance is gradually threatened by administrative urbanisation, considered as a mean of reassertion of the regulatory authority and as an integration to the « urban order ». By thoroughly analysing two case-studies, the newly hanoian rural commune of Sơn Đồng and the urban ward of Đồng Kỵ, which recently gained this administrative status, this research exposes interactions between stakeholders and territories, shows how these local communities react to their inclusion in the urban realm and how the public authorities handle this transition.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-12-06T16:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-12-07T10:06:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-07T10:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This ethnographic research, carried out between 2011 and 2017, has investigated how power networks impact teacher education and performance. Therefore, I have answered the following questions: 1) what stress and conflict situations have risen during the data-generation phase, namely, in the period of methodological transition between the collaborative research and the ethnographic research? 2) what kinds of resistance circumstances have come forth throughout the third module of the continual training? How have they been manifested and understood? I was one of the training professors in a continual training course for teachers of English. I was in charge of a training center in a city of Goiás in 2013, and, over the fieldwork phase, 14 apprentice teachers (12 female and 2 male teachers) participated effectively in 32 four-hour classes during the first or the second semester. The teachers came either from the same city where the center is located or from cities nearby and taught English in schools administered by the state government and/or in schools ruled the city government. The course was held in the training school in the regional education department office located in that city. The meetings were face-to-face and took place every Friday from 2 to 6 p.m. I have developed and reflected on this research having systemic thought, the paradigm of complexity, as a basis for it. In order to guide my analyses, I have used mostly Ginzburg’s index paradigm (1989), Goffman’s concepts of façade interaction and preservation rituals (1974; 2012), as well as Foucault’s studies on power and resistance relations (1988; 1993; 2001; 2004; 2004a; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011). I reckon that the analysis of interaction events has helped me to comprehend stress situations that lay out of the control of who coordinates the training process (in this case, I) and conflicts for which the the training professor is not (the only) responsible, as well as how varied resistance types to an authority or to counter-conducts may be. The (counter)resistances have led to many conflicts, which, on their turn, have proven to be valuable in bringing benefits or independence. 77,7% of the participants have chosen the third module as the most significant one in the course; they have alleged in some of the results that they still must change their minds when it comes to considering race prejudice; that the course has enabled them to share experiences and to acknowledge new realities; that the texts they read have helped them reflect on how they deal with the world in and out of the school; and that the themes could be shared with students in public basic schools. / Essa pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre os anos de 2011e 2017, investiga como as redes de poder impactam a formação e a atuação docentes. Para tanto, respondo às seguintes perguntas: 1) que tensões e conflitos surgiram durante a geração dos dados, ou seja, no período de transição metodológica, compreendido entre a pesquisa colaborativa e a pesquisa etnográfica?; 2) que resistências surgiram ao longo do terceiro módulo do curso de formação continuada? Como são manifestadas e compreendidas? Fui uma das professoras formadoras de um curso de formação continuada de professoras/es de inglês. Me responsabilizei pelo polo de uma cidade do interior de Goiás e, ao longo de 2013, na fase de campo, foram ministradas 32 aulas de 4 horas cada para um total de 14 docentes aprendizes (12 professoras e 2 professores) que participaram efetivamente do curso, pelo menos em um dos semestres. Essas/es aprendizes residiam na cidade-polo e em cidades vizinhas e lecionavam língua inglesa em escolas públicas municipais e/ou estaduais. As aulas aconteceram na escola de formação, localizada na subsecretaria regional de educação do município-polo. Os encontros foram presenciais e ocorreram semanalmente, todas as sextas-feiras, das 14 às 18 horas. É com base no pensamento sistêmico, ou paradigma da complexidade, que desenvolvo e compreendo essa pesquisa. Para orientar minhas análises, me baseio principalmente no paradigma indiciário de Ginsburg (1989); nos rituais de interação e de preservação da fachada de Goffman (1974; 2012); e nas relações de poder e resistências de Foucault (1988; 1993; 2001; 2004; 2004a; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011). Concluo que a análise de eventos interacionais me ajudou a enxergar tensões que vão além do controle de quem coordena o processo de formação (no caso em análise, eu) e conflitos pelos quais a formadora não é (a única) responsável, bem como o quanto podem ser variados os tipos de resistência, seja a uma autoridade ou a contracondutas. As (contra)resistências promoveram inúmeros conflitos, que, por sua vez, mostraram-se produtivos, trazendo benefícios ou emancipando. 77,7% das/os participantes escolheram o módulo 3 como o mais significativo do curso e alegaram dentre alguns resultados que o preconceito racial ainda está presente em suas mentes e que precisam mudar seus pensamentos; que o curso possibilitou o compartilhamento de experiências e a descoberta de novas realidades; que os textos lidos promoveram a reflexão sobre o como lidar com o mundo dentro e fora da escola; e que os temas puderam ser compartilhados nas escolas da rede pública da educação básica, com os/as discentes.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-19T18:05:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juzelia de Moraes Silveira - 2014.pdf: 6517524 bytes, checksum: fee05ac92997f6334cecb162dbfb44df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T10:55:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juzelia de Moraes Silveira - 2014.pdf: 6517524 bytes, checksum: fee05ac92997f6334cecb162dbfb44df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T10:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Juzelia de Moraes Silveira - 2014.pdf: 6517524 bytes, checksum: fee05ac92997f6334cecb162dbfb44df (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis consists in reports of four participants as well as my own personal reports in order to think how these subjects produce themselves and are produced through their cooking practices. This way, it departs from the perspective of narrative inquiry as methodological approach. As main authors to subsidize the methodological web, I highlight Brockemeier and Harré (2003), Bruner (1990; 1995), Connelly and Clandinin (1990; 1995) and Ellingson and Ellis (2008). I adopt the purposes of Quotidian and Visual Culture Studies to think how the participants’ narratives bring argumentations and notes about how their quotidian is marked by micro-resistances that individuals developed by means of their ways of doing. Thus, I understand that subjects are constituted by references and discourses, which structure their sociocultural contexts, creating with their distinct ways of relating to a practice ways of playing with normative and homogenizing principles. I consider micro-resistances above all through considerations of Michel de Certeau and Luce Giard (2000; 2003) drawn from “A invenção do Cotidiano”, which comprehend the plurality of ways of doing as potencies for subverting the sociocultural impositions. As research references on Everyday life Studies I dialogue mainly with Alves (1998; 2001; 2009; 2012), Victorio Filho (2005; 2007; 2013) and Pais (2003; 2007). Through the reports produced by participants and myself the “visual events” (ILLERIS; ARVEDSEN, 2011) that constituted the experiences that derived from the cooking practices are recovered and observed, thinking how the relation between seeing and being seen is mediated by the whole visual system that composes each lived context. Before this conception, I find the theoretical framework in the writings of Mitchell (2002; 2005), Mirzoeff (2003) and Hernández (2007; 2013). In the chapters developed along this dissertation, I approach issues which, due to being more recurrent in the notes taken by the participants, figure as theme of analysis. These are: “Swiss Lemonade or Micro-resistances through micro-existences”, in which I discuss how small narratives that inhabit the quotidian are constituted as modes of resistance through the way the subjects construct themselves in dialogue with the environment; “Baião de dois – or Kitchen and gender production”, in which I argue on how discursive constructions on gender surround and reinforce the norms that base as well as question them; “Filhoses – or Kitchens as space of affection and socialization”, which traces a reflection on the constant relation between the referred practice and the interaction processes between family and friends through cooking and feeding along with other subjects. / A presente tese desenha-se a partir dos relatos de quatro participantes, bem como de meus relatos pessoais, para pensar como os sujeitos produzem-se e são produzidos a partir de suas práticas de cozinha. Para tanto, parto da perspectiva da Investigação Narrativa como viés metodológico. Como principais autores que subsidiaram a rede metodológica destaco Brockemeier e Harré (2003), Bruner (1990, 1995), Connelly e Clandinin (1990, 1995) e Ellingson e Ellis (2008). Valho-me dos propósitos dos Estudos do Cotidiano e da Cultura Visual para pensar como as narrativas dos sujeitos da pesquisa trazem argumentações e apontamentos sobre como os cotidianos são marcados por microrresistências que os indivíduos desenvolvem a partir de suas formas de fazer. Para tanto, compreendo que os sujeitos são constituídos mediante referências e discursos que estruturam seus contextos socioculturais, criando com seus modos distintos de relacionar-se com uma prática, maneiras de jogar com normativas e preceitos homogeneizadores. Penso as microrresistências partindo, sobretudo, das considerações de Michel de Certeau e Luce Giard (2000, 2003) traçadas em “A invenção do Cotidiano”, que compreendem a pluralidade de maneiras de fazer como potências de subversão das imposições socioculturais. Como referências da pesquisa sobre os Estudos do Cotidiano dialogo principalmente com Alves (1998, 2001, 2009, 2012), Victorio Filho (2005, 2007, 2013) e Pais (2003, 2007). A partir dos relatos produzidos pelos colaboradores e por mim são retomados e observados os “eventos visuais” (ILLERIS E ARVEDSEN, 2011) que constituíram as experiências derivadas das práticas de cozinhas, pensando como a relação do ver e ser visto é mediada e oriunda de todo o sistema visual que compõe cada contexto vivido. Diante dessa concepção, busco aporte teórico nos escritos de Mitchell (2002, 2005), Mirzoeff (2003) e Hernández (2007, 2013). Nos capítulos desenvolvidos ao longo da tese abordo as questões que, por serem mais recorrentes nos apontamentos realizados pelos participantes, configuram-se como mote de análise. São eles: “Limonada Suíça ou Microrresistências a partir de microexistências”, em que discuto como as pequenas narrativas que habitam o cotidiano constituem-se como formas de resistência, a partir da forma com que o sujeito constrói a si mesmo em diálogo com seu meio; “Baião de dois – ou A cozinha e produção de gêneros”, no qual argumento sobre como as construções discursivas sobre gênero circundam e reiteram as normativas que os fundamentam, tanto quanto as indagam; “Filhoses – ou As cozinhas como espaço de afeto e socialização”, que traça uma reflexão sobre a relação constante entre a referida prática e os processos de interação entre família e amigos, a partir do cozinhar e alimentar-se com outros sujeitos.

Frente à necessidade emergente de se esclarecer os obscuros períodos de ditaduras e violência de Estado na América Latina ou de construir e manter versões que os neguem surge em diversos países um novo conflito entre os diferentes setores da sociedade, que agora disputam qual versão sobre o passado ascenderá ao status de verdade. A memória coletiva, como fenômeno construído a partir de relações sociais e constituidor dessas mesmas relações, ao ser transformada em memória histórica, aquela que é legitimada institucionalmente, parece ser um meio de determinar o que deve e o que não deve ser recordado, possibilitando o reconhecimento ou o apagamento de identidades. Muitos dos processos de reconstrução e recuperação de memória desenvolvidos nos últimos anos reproduzem modelos ocidentalocêntricos de pensar e fazer, excluindo o saber de grupos historicamente marginalizados. A produção de informes e publicações com dados sobre os eventos violentos do passado, ganha mais relevância que as vidas que relataram tais eventos. Estratégias para que se rompa o silêncio são elaboradas sem que se questione como fazer falar o silêncio sem que ele fale necessariamente a língua hegemônica que o pretende fazer falar. Muitas comunidades cansadas de esperar que se cumpram seus direitos por parte do governo, decidem levar a cabo suas próprias formas de reparação do tecido social, desenvolvendo processos de recuperação e reconstrução de memória particulares, destinados à reorganização e remotivação, a partir, sobretudo, das memórias de suas resistências. A Guatemala, como país tremendamente afetado por 36 anos de conflito armado interno, tem concentrado em seu pequeno território, uma imensidão de processos de memória. Sendo a população indígena a mais atingida pela violência do conflito armado, pelo racismo e pela discriminação até os dias de hoje, muitos destes processos não visam tratar causas estruturais da violência, e as próprias comunidades terminam por desenvolver estratégias para seguir resistindo. A partir das memórias destas resistências, lidas, escutadas e vividas ao longo da presente pesquisa, pretende-se refletir sobre os efeitos das políticas de recuperação e reconstrução de memória como modos de reparar os danos causados pela violência política. Para tal, serão propostas algumas relações entre racionalidade colonial e memória histórica, a partir do recente movimento descolonial latino americano; será traçado um caminho de leitura pela história da Guatemala, para chegar-se às contribuições que podem ser feitas ao campo, a partir de um caso específico de recuperação e reconstrução de memória histórica na Guatemala. / Regarding the emerging need to clarify the hazy periods of dictatorships and State violence in Latin America or the need to build and maintain versions that deny them in many countries a new conflict emerges, between the different sectors of society, which now dispute which version about the past will earn the status of truth. Collective memory, as a phenomenon built over social relationships and something which constitutes these very relationships, when transformed in historical memory, the one which is institutionally legitimated, seems like a mean to determine what should and what should not be remembered, allowing the recognition or the erasure of identities. Many of the processes of reconstruction and recuperation of memory developed in the last years reproduce Western-centric models of thinking and doing, ruling out the knowledge of historically marginalized groups. The production of reports and publications with data regarding violent events of the past gains more relevance than the lives that reported such events. Strategies to break the silence are elaborated without questioning how to make silence speak without it speaking necessarily the hegemonic language that intends to make it speak. Many communities, tired of waiting for their rights to be fulfilled by the government, decide to perform their own ways of repairing the social tissue, developing processes of recuperation and reconstruction of particular memories, aiming to the reorganization and remotivation, from, above all, the memories of their resistances. Guatemala, as a country tremendously affected by 36 years of internal armed conflict, has been concentrating in its small territory a huge amount of memory processes. Being the indigenous population the most affected by the violence of the armed conflict, by racism and discrimination until nowadays, many of these processes do not aim to treat the structural causes of violence, and communities themselves end up developing strategies to keep resisting. From the memories of these resistances, read, listened and lived throughout the present research, it is intended to reflect upon the effects of the policies of recuperation and reconstruction of memory as means to repair the damage caused by political violence. For such, some relations will be proposed between colonial rationality and historical memory, a reading scrip will be traced through the history of Guatemala aiming to reach out to the contributions that can be made to the field, from a specific case of recuperation and reconstruction of historical memory from Guatemala.