L'agriculture biologique est issue d'une longue lutte du consommateur et du citoyen pour connaître et contrôler la qualité de son alimentation. Sa popularité montante confirme que la disponibilité de l'information sur l'offre joue un rôle économique et social central auprès de la demande. Cette tendance appuie l'émergence d'un nouvel élément au sein du corpus des droits de la personne : le droit à l'information. Cette étude aborde les étapes de sa formation et prend pour exemple la filière agroalimentaire biologique. Elle représente un modèle avant-gardiste de l'hybridation entre le droit privé et le droit public. Nous examinons en premier lieu comment l'activité des secteurs agroalimentaires civils et privés a contribué à fomenter le désir d'information du consommateur, pour ensuite le mettre en péril. Parallèlement à cela, nous proposons d'analyser les effets et l'influence du corpus de droits et de principes du développement durable sur la filière biologique, mais surtout sur la reconnaissance du besoin d'information pour le consommateur. Enfin, nous faisons un tour d'horizon de la réglementation publique de l'appellation biologique, de son label et de son étiquette. Pour cela, nous évaluons les mesures en place selon les critères de la véracité, de l'accessibilité et de l'exhaustivité de l'information divulguée au consommateur. À la lumière de notre analyse, le consommateur peut tirer ses propres conclusions sur les meilleures réponses normatives à ses besoins. Quelles mesures entre le droit transnational, le droit international et le droit national offrent le meilleur résultat? Laquelle de ces formes juridiques s'avère en mesure de promouvoir une consommation responsable où le consommateur ne fait plus face aux obstacles à son choix éclairé? / Organic farming is the result of a long struggle of the consumer and the citizen to know and control the quality of its food. Its rising popularity confirms that the availability of information on the supply plays a central role to economic and social demand. This trend supports the emergence of a new element within the corpus of human rights: the right to information. This study examines the stages of its formation and takes for example the organic food chain. It represents a pioneering model of hybridation between private law and public law. We first examine how the activity of civil and private sectors food helped foment the desire of consumer information, and then put it in jeopardy. Along with this, we propose to analyze the impact and influence of the corpus of rights and principles of sustainable development of the organic sector, but especially on the recognition of the need for consumer information. Finally, we present an overview of government regulation of the organic designation, its logo and its label. In order to do this, we evaluate the measures in place according to the criterias of accuracy, accessibility and completeness of the information disclosed to the consumer. In light of our analysis, the consumer can draw their own conclusions on the best normative responses to their needs. What measures between transnational law, international law and national law provide the best outcome? Which of these legal forms is able to promote a form of responsible consumption where consumers no longer face barriers to its choice?

Although these days, we can perceive the right for environmental information as something automated and quite natural in a democratic society, we must realize that it was far from it in the past. Hand in hand with the principle of secretiveness of state administration, the public had virtually no possibility to obtain information concerning not only the state of the environment but also general information concerning almost anything. It is not surprising after all because before 1989, neither the general right for information nor the right for environmental information were protected by law, less alone by the constitution. Nevertheless, the democratic changes which took place after the Velvet Revolution produced changes also in the field of the right for information and this right was, both generally - as a right for information, and specifically - as a right for environmental information, included in the legal regulation of the greatest legal force, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which became a part of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic on the basis of the resolution of the Czech National Council presidium No. 2/1993 Coll. On the basis of its constitutional protection, the right for environmental information was provided for also by law (Act No. 123/1998 Coll.) and...

Esta dissertação toma como ponto de partida o conceito de comunicação pública, ainda em desenvolvimento no Brasil, em diálogo com autores estrangeiros (França, Itália e Colômbia) e nacionais, para destacar, dentre os possíveis agentes de comunicação pública, o próprio Estado, uma vez que este tem o dever de informar (art. 5º, inciso XXXIII da CF) e de dar publicidade a seus atos. Com isso, alia Direito e Sociologia aos estudos da comunicação, em conformidade com dois princípios constitucionais da administração pública brasileira: a publicidade e a impessoalidade (art. 37). Este estudo constata que, a partir da redemocratização brasileira, houve uma transição, no âmbito do Estado, do conceito de \"comunicação governamental\", entendida aqui como aquela voltada à construção da imagem de governos e governantes, para a comunicação pública, que é aquela cujo olhar volta-se aos interesses da coletividade, auxiliando no acesso e conhecimento das políticas públicas, no acompanhamento da aplicação dos recursos públicos e na garantia de maior participação da sociedade nos assuntos do Estado. Assim, a partir de um estudo de caso - a Superintendência do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária de São Paulo (Incra-SP) -, a presente dissertação analisa como se deu a relação entre o Estado e a sociedade, no que tange ao direito à informação de posse dos órgãos públicos, principalmente a partir do relacionamento entre a comunicação social do órgão e os media, durante o segundo mandato do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2007 a 2010). / This dissertation takes as a starting point the concept of public communication, still in development in Brazil, in dialog with foreign (France, Italy and Colombia) and local authors to highlight, among possible agents of public communication, the State itself, once it has the obligation to inform (art. 5º, incise XXXIII of the federal Constitution) and to publicize its acts. In this ally\'s law and sociology to communication studies, according with two constitutional principles of Brazilian public administration: publicity and impersonality (art. 37). This study considers that from the Brazilian re-democratization there was a transition, within the Brazilian State, of the concept of \"governmental communication\" understood here as the one used to build the image of the government and the governors, to the public communication, which is the one who should look over the interests of the collectivity, helping to promote the knowledge and access to governmental programs, following the public investments and granting more social participation in government issues. So, from a case study - the Superintendência do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária de São Paulo (Incra-SP) -, the present dissertation analyses how was the relationship between the State and the society, about the right to access information uphold by the public institutions, mainly from the relationship between the institutions social communications office and the media during the second term of the president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva government.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivelise Fonseca da Cruz.pdf: 1790533 bytes, checksum: f41f1234dec41e9746cd6ec1be146ccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-17 / The vast growth of economic liberalism and is necessary to emphasize the man as the center of things, realizing their human dignity through the integral humanism. The incentive of love of neighbor and the exaltation of the fraternity, to compose the relationships and social laws result, then, the preservation and promotion of human health. The strengthening of the brotherhood of the thesis occurs when the clear identification of responsibility of the state, community, society, all in the preservation of fundamental human rights, encouraging the essentiality of the information, exercise and promote the right to food security, opportunity to promote awareness and increasing knowledge of the development of food products from the most diverse. Once the proper identification of obesity as a crop for human rights abuse, is with the literature review that this research aims to clarify the issues that compromise the full experience of human health. And finally, in a positive way, it was pointed out guiding paradigms that help as steps in human progress, in order to facilitate the search for the right to happiness for all in all, for everyone / O amplo crescimento do liberalismo econômico e necessário tem de realçar o homem como centro das coisas, concretizando sua dignidade humana através do humanismo integral. O incentivo do amor ao próximo e a exaltação da fraternidade, ao comporem as relações legislativas e sociais resultam, então, na preservação e promoção da saúde do homem. O reforço da tese da fraternidade ocorre quando da clara identificação da responsabilidade do Estado, da comunidade, da sociedade, de todos na preservação dos direitos fundamentais do homem, no incentivo à essencialidade da informação, no exercício e promoção do direito à segurança alimentar, na possibilidade de se promover a consciência e o crescente conhecimento do desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios dos mais diversos. Feita a adequada identificação da obesidade como um recorte indevido aos direitos humanos, é com o levantamento bibliográfico realizado que esta pesquisa pretende explicitar as problemáticas que comprometem a vivência plena da saúde humana. E, ao final, de maneira propositiva, apontam-se paradigmas orientadores, que auxiliam como degraus no progresso humano, com o intuito de facilitar a busca pelo direito de felicidade de todos em tudo, para todos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Newton Cunha de Sena.pdf: 995812 bytes, checksum: aed06bdc0a05418c66f7c6e3d5eab63e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-06 / This study aims to analyze contract termination for just cause, in light of the right to information. The first chapter deals with the right to information, based on the notion of a fundamental right, with emphasis on its types and characteristics. The second chapter further explores the right to information, based on the study of its intrinsic principles. The third chapter discusses the application of the right to information in legal relationships between individuals, analyzing the various theories on the subject. The next chapter analyzes objective good faith, as the concretization of the right to information in horizontal relationships. In the fifth chapter, the study treats discharge with a just cause in the strict sense, and analyzes its nomenclature, concept, and requirements. The sixth chapter examines the right to information in termination for just cause, and in the seventh chapter the effects of the breach of that accessory obligation are analyzed. Finally, in the eighth chapter, based on the doctrinal content discussed earlier, the importance of the right to information in termination for just cause is examined by studying some modalities that are provided for in labor legislation / O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a rescisão contratual por justa causa a partir do direito de informação. Desta forma, busca-se demonstrar ao longo dos capítulos a ideia central deste, a partir de uma pesquisa de todos os aspectos que a envolvem. No primeiro capítulo, aborda-se o direito de informação a partir da noção de um direito fundamental -, com destaque às suas espécies e características. O segundo capítulo aprofunda o direito de informação, a partir do estudo dos seus princípios intrínsecos. No terceiro capítulo, estuda-se a aplicação do direito de informação nas relações jurídicas entre particulares, analisando as diversas teorias sobre o tema. Como sequência do trabalho, no capítulo seguinte, busca-se analisar a boa-fé objetiva, como forma de concretização do direito de informação nas relações horizontais. No quinto capítulo, o estudo se refere à rescisão contratual por justa causa, propriamente dita, no qual se busca analisar sua nomenclatura, conceito e os seus requisitos. O sexto capítulo estuda o direito de informação na rescisão por justa causa, sendo que, no sétimo capítulo, o objeto é a análise dos efeitos do descumprimento daquela obrigação acessória. Por fim, no oitavo capítulo, a partir de todo o conteúdo doutrinário anteriormente analisado, faz-se uma abordagem da importância do direito de informação na rescisão por justa causa, ao se estudar algumas espécies previstas na legislação trabalhista

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cecilia Cury Chaddad.pdf: 2206986 bytes, checksum: 82564a4366fdadb6ebbc1aee18a566f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-11 / This study aim to protect the rights to health and adequate food of the population with food allergy, estimated at about 8% of children and 3% to 5% of adults, arguing there is a need for the provision of information about allergens on product labels, as well as along consumers service assistance (such as electronic websites and phone numbers). It is pointed the interrelationship between the right to health and right to life as well as that between the right to health and the right to adequate food, rights whose effective protection depend on the consumers access to information. The relevance of the topic regarding the right to information about the presence of allergens and feasibility of the proposal of the obligation of allergens labeling are demonstrated through the analysis of existing standards relating to food labeling in Brazil, as well as which treatment given to the issue of labeling of allergens in comparative law. Finally, on the premise that people with food hypersensitivity need to maintain a diet that excludes the presence of allergens, as a way to ensure their well-being and their life with dignity, it is pointed to the State's responsibility to protect the rights to health and to adequate food of this portion of the Brazilian population, with the regulating of the duty of providing information about the presence (or absence) of such substances in food available for consumption for part of the food industry, although this presence give up unintentionally (traces), which depends on compliance with good manufacturing practices for food products and careful risk assessment / Este trabalho objetiva tutelar os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada da população com alergia alimentar, estimada em cerca de 8% das crianças e entre 3% e 5% dos adultos, sustentando a necessidade de que haja a disponibilização de informações a respeito de substâncias alérgenas nos rótulos dos produtos, assim como junto aos canais de atendimento ao consumidor (como sítios eletrônicos e telefones). Como fundamentação, aponta para a inter-relação existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à vida, assim como aquela existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à alimentação adequada, direitos cuja tutela efetiva dependem do acesso à informação por parte dos consumidores. A relevância do tema, atinente ao direito à informação quanto à presença de alérgenos e a viabilidade da proposta de rotulagem obrigatória, é demonstrada a partir da análise das atuais normas relacionadas à rotulagem de alimentos no Brasil, assim como qual o tratamento conferido ao tema da rotulagem de alérgenos no direito comparado. Por fim, partindo da premissa de que as pessoas com hipersensibilidade alimentar necessitam manter uma dieta que exclua a presença de alérgenos, como forma de se garantir o seu bem-estar e sua existência digna, aponta-se a responsabilidade do Estado em proteger os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada desta parcela da população brasileira, através da regulamentação do dever de disponibilização de informações quanto à presença (ou ausência) de tais substâncias nos alimentos disponibilizados ao consumo por parte das indústrias alimentícias, ainda que tal presença se dê de forma involuntária (traços), o que depende da observância de boas práticas de produção de produtos destinados à alimentação e criteriosa avaliação de riscos

Medios de comunicación masiva y globalización neoliberal están íntimamente ligados. Por eso, es urgente desarrollar una reflexión sobre cómo los ciudadanos pueden exigir a los grandes medios de comunicación más ética, verdad, respeto a una deontología que permita a los periodistas actuar en función de su conciencia, una descripción en torno a ¿Cómo se ubica un medio o un proyecto comunicativo en este ámbito? ¿Cómo sabremos a qué objetivo obedece? Desarrollamos el estudio de La Jornada, una opción que se traduce en ahondar en el origen del diario, objetivos y fines del rotativo, propiedad de este medio, estructura del periódico y formas de gestión, características del mismo, condiciones laborales de sus trabajadores, líneas de financiación, rutinas de trabajo, protagonistas de la información y relación con los movimientos sociales, distribución, venta y tirada, características del sitio web y tipo de lectores, hábitos de lectura y consumo del medio e impactos. / Mass media and neoliberal globalization are closely linked. It is thus urgent to reflect on the means available to the citizens to demand greater ethics and truth from the Mass media, through a code of deontology enabling journalists to act according to their conscience and also through a description based on the following questions:How does a media, or a communication project, situate itself in that context? How will we know which objectives it pursues? We built up that study around La Jornada, focusing on the origin, means and objectives of the newspaper, its ownership, structure, management and characteristics. We also studied its employees’ working conditions, its credit lines, working routines and relation with social movements as well as its distribution, sales and circulation figures, not to forget its website traffic, readers’ profile, reading habits, and its impact.

Worldwide, the remarkable diffusion of transparency and access to information laws poses a monumental challenge to the state’s most enduringly undemocratic feature— excessive secrecy. Will recent laws lead to an effective surrender of secrecy? The incipient literature on transparency reform says little about the strength of current legislation or how strong laws emerge. This dissertation addresses these theoretical and empirical gaps. First, it articulates a theory on the political determinants of strong access to information laws. Second, employing an original evaluation, it scores the strength of twelve access to information laws advanced throughout Latin America between 2002 and 2010. Two extreme outcomes are examined in detail: a failed comprehensive reform in Argentina (1999-2005), which resulted in a limited presidential decree (2003), and the adoption of a seminal law in Mexico (2002). These cases are then compared with others across Latin America with special attention placed on Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, and Uruguay. I find considerable variance in the strength of the region’s laws: the average score is “moderately strong,” while the median and mode scores are “moderately weak.” Evidence shows that while civic coalitions and external pressure often help drive reform, they cannot explain observed variation in legal strength. Rather, I find that laws emerge more robust and earlier-on within the electoral cycle (within the first half of a president’s term of office), in countries where 1) presidents lack control over the legislature and 2) news media coverage of access to information laws is strong. By contrast, where news media coverage is weak and presidents possess strong negative agenda setting powers (partisan majorities or constitutional means of denying a vote), I find that laws tend to emerge later-on during the electoral cycle (within the last third), and are considerably weaker. I also find that press advocacy for access to information laws tended to be greater in countries where presidents were weaker and news media ownership concentration was low. The dissertation addresses key institutional preconditions for good governance and transparency reform. More specifically, it speaks to the determinants and power of the news media as an agent of democratic advancement (and stagnation), and the importance of weak leaders and partisan competition in promoting good governance reform. / text

XX a. antroje pusėje įvykę esminiai pokyčiai – demokratizacijos procesai, rinkos santykių skverbimasis į mediciną, naujų technologijų taikymas diagnostikoje ir gydyme, riboti sveikatos priežiūros resursai – buvo tiesiogiai susijęs su paciento teisių ir laisvių pripažinimu. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti pacientų teisių raišką per gydytojo ir paciento santykius stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Šiame darbe įvertinta pacientų bei gydytojų nuomonė apie paciento teisės į informaciją užtikrinimą ir jos įtaką paciento dalyvavimui priimant sprendimus. Išanalizuotas pacientų socialinių ir demografinių veiksnių ryšys su pacientų informuotumu apie jų ligą, medicininių tyrimų rezultatus, gydymo metodus, galimas gydymo pasekmes ir dalyvavimu priimant sprendimus. Palygintas gydytojų ir pacientų požiūris į abipusį pasitikėjimą ir konfidencialumo užtikrinimą stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Atskleista gydytojų ir pacientų nuomonė apie įstatyme reglamentuojamą nuostatą apie valstybės laiduojamą sveikatos priežiūros užtikrinimą. Disertacijoje vertinama ne tik pacientų nuomonė apie jų teisių užtikrinimą gydantis stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose, bet atskleidžiamos ir gydytojų problemos, su kuriomis jie susiduria, norėdami įgyvendinti Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymu reglamentuotas pacientų teises. Darbe akcentuojami ne tik pacientų teisių apribojimai ir suvaržymai, bet ir pabrėžiami nepakankami valstybės veiksmai užtikrinant realią ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Essential changes in the society that occurred in the second half of the 20th century – the democratization processes, penetration of market relationships into medicine, application of new technologies in diagnostics and treatment, limited healthcare resources – were directly related to the recognition of patients’ rights and liberties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of patients’ rights through physician-patient relationships in inpatient personal healthcare units. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about assurance of patients’ right to information and patients participation in decision-making was evaluated in this dissertation. The associations of patients’ social and demographic characteristics with the extent to which they are informed about their disease, the results of medical examinations, methods of treatment, possible treatment outcomes and participation in decision-making were analyzed. Physicians’ and patients’ attitudes towards mutual trust and confidentiality assurance in inpatients personal healthcare units were compared. Physicians’ and patients’ opinion about regulated provision of patients’ right to State-guaranteed free healthcare was revealed. This dissertation not only evaluates patients’ opinion about the assurance of their rights in inpatient personal healthcare units, but also discloses problems that physicians face when trying to implement patients’ rights regulated by the Law of the Republic of Lithuania. The study not only... [to full text]

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