Vi lever i ett samhälle där det förekommer mycket stress. Barn upplever en ökad stress som kan vara relaterad till minskad fysisk aktivitet på grund av att allt mer av deras fritid ägnas åt tevetittande och dataspel. Detta gör att en dålig vana växer även bland de små barnen, som hellre vill sitta stilla än röra på sig. Utgångspunkten är vikten av att redan i förskolan skapa en önskan hos barnen att komma ut i utomhusmiljö och att de ska tycka att det är roligt och spännande att vara ute. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram förskolepedagogers yrkesroll för sitt pedagogiska arbete på förskolegården. De tre forskningsfrågorna som besvaras är (1) Hur resonerar förskolepedagoger kring det pedagogiska arbetet med barns utelek på förskolegården? (2) Hur resonerar de kring utformningen av förskolegården i relation till det pedagogiska arbetet med barnens utelek? och (3) Hur resonerar de kring delaktighet vad gäller att utforma förskolans utegård? Studien har som utgångspunkt följande begrepp; utelek, förskolegårdens utformning och pedagogiskt arbete. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med pedagoger. Resultatet visade att förskolegårdarna i studien uppfyller barns "naturliga" behov som att träna sin kropp genom att springa, hoppa, leka samt samarbeta både i självbestämda och styrda aktiviteter. Pedagogernas intresse för utemiljöns utformning spelar stor roll för barns lek och utveckling. Studien bidrar till en inblick i vad utemiljöns utmaningar består i och hur dess utformning påverkar barns utelek och utveckling. / We live in a society where there is a lot of stress. Children experience on increasing level of stress that can be related to decreasing physical activity and to the fact that they spend more and more of their free time playing computer games or watching the television. This creates a bad habit among the young children, who rather sit down than move around. I assume it is important that the pre-school create such a habit for the children that they want to get outdoors and that outdoor play it is fun and exciting. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the pre-school teachers’ professional role for their pedagogical work in the pre-school playground. The three research questions answered are: (1) How do pre-school teachers’ reason about the educational work regarding children’s outdoor play in the pre-school playground? (2) How are pre-school teachers involved in the design of the pre-school playground in relation to the educational work with the children? And (3) what do they express related to their own participation in the design of the outdoor pre-school playground? The study sets out from the following concepts, children’s play, pre-school playground, outdoor activity and pedagogical work. The study is qualitative and based on interviews with pre-school teachers. The result showed that the pre-school playgrounds in this study, meet the children´s "natural" needs, where they can use their bodies in a natural way as, by running, jumping, playing and to cooperate, both in self-determined or controlled activities. Pre-school teachers’ interest in the outdoor environment design has contributed a great deal to children’s play and development. The study contributes to an insight into what the outdoor environment is about and how its design affects children's outdoor play and development.

Orientador: Arilda Inês Miranda Ribeiro / Banca: Magda Carmelita Sarat Oliveira / Banca: Ana Maria Martins da Costa Santos / Resumo: O presente estudo vinculado à linha de pesquisa "Processos Formativos, Diferença e Valores", do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP (FCT- UNESP), Campus de Presidente Prudente, buscou compreender/refletir, através de análise bibliográfica, sobre a construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero das crianças no recreio escolar das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho se apoia, entre outros, nos estudos teóricos pós-estruturalistas de Guacira Lopes Louro e Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, na compreensão de que as construções das polaridades sexuais (heterossexual / homossexual) e de gênero (masculino / feminino) precisam ser problematizadas e desconstruídas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico em que foi utilizada literatura acadêmica para a problematização do tema. O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que alguns modos de agir, de brincar e de ocupar espaços, entre as crianças, no recreio escolar, estão ligados à construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero. Pude refletir, a partir das leituras, como essas diferenças são engendradas nas crianças de formas variadas, podendo ser verificadas nas brincadeiras que sinalizam modos de brincar apropriados para meninos e para meninas. Brincadeiras como pique-pega, amarelinha e elástico, entre outras, foram identificadas como brincadeiras de meninas e de meninos, ou ora de meninas, ora de meninos, sofrendo variações de acordo com o local investigado. O futebol e a brincadeira de boneca foram as atividades lúdicas que se destacaram como as práticas mais representativas dessa diferenciação, associadas à heterossexualidade. Revelando o quanto nossas práticas sociais estão marcadas pela ideia de que as diferenças anatomosexuais definem naturalmente características e formas de agir para cada sexo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study linked to the research line "formative process, diversity and values," the program of Graduate Education, Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP (FCT-UNESP), Campus of Presidente Prudente, sought to understand / think through literature review on the construction of sexual identities and gender of children in the playground of the lower grades of elementary school. The work is based, among others, in studies of post-structuralist theorists Guacira Lopes Louro and Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, on the understanding that the construction of polarities sex (heterosexual / homosexual) and gender (male / female) need to be debated and deconstructed. This is a qualitative survey of bibliographical in academic literature that was used for the theme problem. The study assumed that some ways of acting, to play and occupy spaces between children in the playground, are linked to the construction of sexual identities and gender. I could reflect, from the readings, as these differences are engendered in children in different ways and can be verified in the jokes that signal appropriate modes of play for boys and for girls. Jokes like pike-handle, hopscotch and elastic, among others, were identified as playing girls and boys, and sometimes girls, sometimes boys, suffering variations according to the investigated area. The football and playing with dolls were playing activities that stood out as the most representative of this differentiation practices associated with heterosexuality. Showing how our social practices are marked by the idea that differences anatomosexuais defining characteristics and course of action for each sex. The sensualization expressed in the body of the girls, observed in some studies in dance or aesthetic significance among children indicated how they construct their gender identities from social values attributed to the beauty of the woman linked to eroticism... (Complete abstract click access electronic below) / Mestre

This research studied children’s educational outdoor environments in order to understand which contexts and environmental characteristics support children’s creativity in play. Creativity is an important factor in children’s cognitive development; children’s creativity can flourish in outdoor environments as they can engage in free play. Accordingly, this research had two central aims: Aim 1: To classify and assess children’s levels of creativity during play. Aim 2: To develop design principles for educational outdoor environments in order to nurture children's creativity in play. Initially, behaviour observation and the Leuven Wellbeing and Involvement Scale were used to collect data for a pilot study. Children’s play behaviours were observed and analysed, and based on the Evaluation of Potential for Creativity, the Creative Play Taxonomy was designed in relation to the first aim of the study. Then, at two study sites, experimental research was designed. At both study sites, children were observed in four different play contexts. At Study Site One, duration recording was used and the videorecorder observations were coded with the Creative Play Taxonomy using the software The Observer from Noldus. At Study Site Two, narrative recording was used in the observation sessions and focus group discussions were held with the children. The findings from both study sites achieved the second aim of this study. The current research makes two main contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it introduces the Creative Play Taxonomy, which can be used by researchers, psychologists, educationalists and related disciplines to understand, categorise and assess children’s creativity in play. Secondly, it increases the understanding of the particular play contexts that support children’s creativity in play, and the environmental characteristics that enhance these types of play. Accordingly, this research suggests that: - Outdoor play spaces should include a variety of different play contexts to encourage creative play amongst different groups of children. - The most effective play contexts for children’s creativity are those facilitated with flexible, changeable, mouldable, movable, multi-functional and open-ended play materials. - Children’s outdoor play spaces should be facilitated with loose parts, both natural and synthetic, as they are highly supportive of children’s creativity. - Natural outdoor environments and elements highly encourage creative play behaviours amongst children. The findings are intended to guide landscape architects and playground design professionals to produce informed design decisions based on the framework of creativity, in order to nurture children's creative thinking abilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:53:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 penna_cma_me_prud.pdf: 450731 bytes, checksum: 37dec303548b48aeeec0aabf2c6f05d0 (MD5) / O presente estudo vinculado à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Diferença e Valores”, do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP (FCT- UNESP), Campus de Presidente Prudente, buscou compreender/refletir, através de análise bibliográfica, sobre a construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero das crianças no recreio escolar das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho se apoia, entre outros, nos estudos teóricos pós-estruturalistas de Guacira Lopes Louro e Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, na compreensão de que as construções das polaridades sexuais (heterossexual / homossexual) e de gênero (masculino / feminino) precisam ser problematizadas e desconstruídas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico em que foi utilizada literatura acadêmica para a problematização do tema. O estudo partiu do pressuposto de que alguns modos de agir, de brincar e de ocupar espaços, entre as crianças, no recreio escolar, estão ligados à construção das identidades sexuais e de gênero. Pude refletir, a partir das leituras, como essas diferenças são engendradas nas crianças de formas variadas, podendo ser verificadas nas brincadeiras que sinalizam modos de brincar apropriados para meninos e para meninas. Brincadeiras como pique-pega, amarelinha e elástico, entre outras, foram identificadas como brincadeiras de meninas e de meninos, ou ora de meninas, ora de meninos, sofrendo variações de acordo com o local investigado. O futebol e a brincadeira de boneca foram as atividades lúdicas que se destacaram como as práticas mais representativas dessa diferenciação, associadas à heterossexualidade. Revelando o quanto nossas práticas sociais estão marcadas pela ideia de que as diferenças anatomosexuais definem naturalmente características e formas de agir para cada sexo... / This study linked to the research line formative process, diversity and values, the program of Graduate Education, Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP (FCT-UNESP), Campus of Presidente Prudente, sought to understand / think through literature review on the construction of sexual identities and gender of children in the playground of the lower grades of elementary school. The work is based, among others, in studies of post-structuralist theorists Guacira Lopes Louro and Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, on the understanding that the construction of polarities sex (heterosexual / homosexual) and gender (male / female) need to be debated and deconstructed. This is a qualitative survey of bibliographical in academic literature that was used for the theme problem. The study assumed that some ways of acting, to play and occupy spaces between children in the playground, are linked to the construction of sexual identities and gender. I could reflect, from the readings, as these differences are engendered in children in different ways and can be verified in the jokes that signal appropriate modes of play for boys and for girls. Jokes like pike-handle, hopscotch and elastic, among others, were identified as playing girls and boys, and sometimes girls, sometimes boys, suffering variations according to the investigated area. The football and playing with dolls were playing activities that stood out as the most representative of this differentiation practices associated with heterosexuality. Showing how our social practices are marked by the idea that differences anatomosexuais defining characteristics and course of action for each sex. The sensualization expressed in the body of the girls, observed in some studies in dance or aesthetic significance among children indicated how they construct their gender identities from social values attributed to the beauty of the woman linked to eroticism... (Complete abstract click access electronic below)

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by EDUARDO PENA (edupenaa@hotmail.com) on 2012-10-25T03:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gabriela Silva da Rosa(gabrielasilvadarosa@gmail.com) on 2013-07-01T23:42:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-01T23:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE 2.pdf: 1107602 bytes, checksum: 3be7816e1c490f861222c9ffaac5af17 (MD5) INTERAÇÕES INFANTIS E RELAÇÕES DE PODER FIOS QUE.pdf: 167809 bytes, checksum: 76cc0c78d5ea79fe46ef2cba60d1ebca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta dissertação é o resultado de um estudo realizado sobre as interações infantis e as relações de poder. A mesma foi fundamentada, principalmente, a partir de algumas contribuições do pensamento de Michel Foucault - especialmente as noções de relações de poder, instrumentos disciplinares e práticas de liberdade –,bem como de outros autores inseridos no campo reconhecido como pós-estruturalista, com dois objetivos: problematizar as temáticas das interações infantis enquanto potência de produção – de modo geral –, e analisar como as relações de poder atravessam, constituem e possibilitam as próprias ações infantis. Para atingir esse propósito foi fundamental perceber a ciência como aquela que é compreendida nas vontades de verdades dos sujeitos, o que, para o estudo aqui realizado, implica em desconfiar dos discursos que foram instaurando verdades sobre as crianças e suas ações e atrelando a elas características, muitas vezes, pautadas em faltas e ausências. Essa outra maneira de investigar desafiou e provocou meu olhar de pesquisadora, de forma a me deixar ser guiada pelas crianças e de procurar diferentes estratégias que permitissem que este trabalho acontecesse com elas. Assim, o trabalho de campo se realizou no período de Março a Abril de 2010 em um recreio escolar, na cidade de Pelotas/RS, a partir de uma bricolagem, a qual operou através do diálogo constante entre algumas ferramentas como o diário de campo, as observações, as fotografias e as conversas-entrevistas. Os entrecruzamentos feitos a partir das capturas realizadas no recreio me permitiram perceber que as interações dos sujeitos infantis são atravessadas e constituídas por relações de poder, logo, podem ser percebidas enquanto potência de produção, uma vez que as crianças são também entendidas tanto como efeito quanto produtoras do meio ao qual estão inseridas. Foi possível considerar, ainda, as interações infantis enquanto produtivas, à medida que, por meio do exercício sutil e constante de algumas estratégias e instrumentos disciplinares, elas caracterizavam o recreio escolar como uma das engrenagens que possibilita e mantém o funcionamento da maquinaria escolar, bem como permitia que outras interações, que outros jeitos de agir, de organizar as brincadeiras, de estabelecer outras regras e de ser criança fossem sendo produzidos e instituídos. Em suma, para além de mostrar as interações das crianças enquanto potência de produção, esta dissertação também permitiu olhar de outra forma para as crianças e para suas ações, uma vez que a trama de reflexões aqui tecida teve como ponto de partida as interações e as relações de poder estabelecidas entre os próprios sujeitos infantis e não as desenvolvidas entre adultos-crianças. / This dissertation is the result of a study on child interaction and power relations. The same was based mostly contributions from some of the thinking of Michel Foucault - especially the notions of power relations, disciplinary tools and practices of freedom - as well as others have entered into the field known as poststructuralism, with two objectives: to discuss the issues of child interaction as a power production - in general - and to analyze how relations of power are shaping and allow the infant's own actions. To achieve this purpose was essential to understand science as one that is understood in the minds of the subjects of truth, which, for the study conducted here, implies distrust of the speeches that were introducing truths about children and their actions and characteristics attaching to them often framed by absences. This other way of investigating challenged and caused my eyes to a researcher, to let myself be guided by the children and seek different strategies that allowed this work to happen to them. Thus, the fieldwork was conducted from March to April 2010 in a school playground in the city of Pelotas/RS, from a “bricolage”, which operated through constant dialogue between some tools like the diary, observations, photographs, interviews and conversations. The intersections made from the catch in the recreational allowed me to realize that the interactions of the subjects children are traversed and constituted by power relations, then, can be perceived as a power production, since children are also understood as the effect of both producing the means to which they belong. Could also consider the child interaction as productive as they, through the subtle and constant exercise of certain disciplinary strategies and tools, they characterized the playground as a gear that enables and maintains the operation of the school machinery and to allow other interactions with other ways to act, to organize the games, to establish other rules and to be produced and child were being imposed. In short, in addition to show the interactions of children while power production, this work also allowed to look another way for children and for their actions, since the plot was woven of reflections as a starting point the interactions and power relations established between the subjects themselves and not the children developed between adult-children.

Detta är en vetenskaplig essä som undersöker relationen mellan risk och ansvarstagande när det kommer till barnens lek. Arbetet består av två dilemmatexter som vi författare själva upplevt och det är utifrån dessa berättelser som reflektionen utgår ifrån. Syftet med arbetet är att bredda vår förståelsehorisont när vi hamnar i liknande situationer. Vi kommer genom metoden vetenskaplig essä reflektera över våra självupplevda dilemman med hjälp av olika teorier och litteratur. Genom våra reflektioner kom vi fram till att det är våra värderingar som styr hur vi handlar när vi hamnar i en situation där vi behöver ta ställning gällande barnens risktagande kontra vårt ansvar att se till så att dem är trygga och säkra i skolan. / This is a scientific essay that examines the relationship between risk and responsibility when it comes to children's play. The work consists of two dilemma texts based on what we authors ourselves experienced and it is based on these stories from which the reflection is based. The purpose of the work is to broaden our understanding horizon when we end up in similar situations. Through the scientific essay we will reflect on our self-perceived dilemmas with the help of different theories and literature. Through our reflections, we realized that our values govern how we act when we end up in a situation where we need to take a stand on the children's risk-taking versus our responsibility to ensure that they are safe and secure at school.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis Leisure-time pedagogues physical positioning on the school playground from a gender perspective is to examine the interaction between the leisure-time pedagogues and pupils during school break activities and how their physical positions on the school playground, and the pedagogues’ gender, reduces or amplifies the current gender stereotypes. Previous research has indicated that the school’s pedagogues play a significant part in the development of the pupils’ identity. Pedagogues’ approach, treatment, interaction and expectations towards pupils’, along with the school playground’s layout, are of importance. This thesis uses gender theory based upon various feminist perspectives. These present relevant concepts such as gender order, feminism, “genderfication” and gender equality. The empirical data has been collected through three observations and three computer-aided interviews. The result has proven that the gender of the pedagogue plays a certain part in the interaction with the pupils. Popular sports such as football and basketball are preferred by boys and male pedagogues while softer activities without competitive elements are preferred by girls and some boys. Our interpretation is that there is some reinforcement of stereotypical gender patterns during the school break activities. We see a correlation between how pedagogues work at our observed schools and what other researchers have presented in their studies. / Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att utforska samspelet mellan fritidshemspersonalen och eleverna under rastverksamheten, hur de placerar sig fysiskt på skolgården och om pedagogens kön kan försvaga eller förstärka könsmönster. Tidigare forskning har indikerat att skolans olika pedagoger spelar en väsentlig roll för elevernas identitetsutveckling. Pedagoger förhållningssätt, bemötande, interaktion, förväntningar på eleverna och skolgårdens utformning är centrala. Den här uppsatsen använder sig av genusteori med rötter i olika feministiska perspektiv. Dessa presenterar relevanta begrepp som könsordning, feminism, genusifiering och jämställdhet. För att samla in det empiriska materialet har vi använt observation och datorstödd intervju som metod. Materialet består av tre observationer och tre intervjuer. Resultatet visar att pedagogens kön spelar en viss roll i arbetet med eleverna. Dels är sport som fotboll och basketboll dominerat av pojkar och manliga pedagoger medan lugnare lek utan tävlingsmoment lockar fler flickor och en del pojkar. Vår tolkning är att det råder viss förstärkning av stereotypa könsmönster ute under rastverksamheten. Sett till tidigare forskning uppfattar vi en klar korrelation mellan hur pedagoger arbetar på de observerade skolorna och vad andra forskare har presenterat i sina studier.

No description available.

Cette recherche interroge, dans une perspective pragmatique, la teneur des disputes entre pairs dans les cours de récréation à l'école élémentaire. Le régime de dispute en violence (Boltanski, 1990), caractérisé par des épreuves de force engageant exclusivement la force des personnes constitue le pivot de notre recherche. Comment et sous quelles conditions les interactions enfantines basculent-elles dans le régime de dispute en violence ou inversement sortent-elles de ce régime ? A l'aide d'une méthodologie fondée sur une approche ethnographique (observations et entretiens semi-scénarisés) et des questionnaires soumis aux écoliers, nous avons été en mesure de caractériser les formes émergentes de ce régime de dispute en violence, révélant ainsi une violence protéiforme ne se limitant pas au seul phénomène du harcèlement. Nous avons démontré que les écoliers recourent à des normes corporelles spécifiques et à des principes issus du monde domestique et du monde civique en vue de stabiliser l'ordre social en récréation et peuvent, sous certaines conditions, employer la violence comme un dispositif visant à contrecarrer les menaces pesant sur ces normes et principes. La compétence à s'extraire du régime de violence est apparue fortement corrélée aux dispositifs pédagogiques en place dans les écoles et à la grandeur que les élèves accordent aux enseignants ainsi qu'aux justifications et dispositifs que ces derniers emploient. La grandeur accordée à ces dispositifs et à la figure enseignante s'est enfin révélée, au fil de l'analyse comme étant étroitement imbriquée à la grandeur politique et civique que les enseignants accordent à l'écolier. / This sociological research deals with arguments among children in the school playground at primary school and follows a pragmatic sociological approach. The violent argument regime (Boltanski, 1990), is characterised by power struggles, that exclusively involves people strenght, without any principles. This violent argument regime is the centre of this research. How, and under which conditions peer interactions can get out of that regime? Using a methodology built on an ethnographic approach (observations and interviews based on scenarios) and on questionnaries to pupils, we've been able to characterise the emerging forms of the violent regime, and we showed the existence of a multifaceted violence at elementary school that can't be reduced merely to schoolbullying : this analysis's questionning the psychological approach of schoolbullying at school and discards the portraits of pupils who are either a persecutor or a victim : they can be both of them. Furthermore, pupils use physical norms and principles of justice that come from the domestic and the civic spheres in order to regulate the social order in the school playground and to get out of the violent regime. However, they can also, in the name of those principles, use violence as a device which enable them to stem the threats to those same principles. Moreover, the pupils ability to get out of the violence regime is linked to the teaching devices in the schools and to pupils perception of the teachers and the regulations that teachers use – or don't use. Some teaching devices could help pupils to get out of the violent argument regime and could restructure pupils principles and norms of justice.